Used Cnc Vertical Machining Centre for sale (67,510)

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008470, X axis working area: 4300 mm Y axis working area: 2205 mm Kodpfx Aoyzyrvefvedl Working Table: Flat table Main Electrospindle power: 13 KW Number of controlled axes: 5 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 46 Total number of tool changer positions: 22

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1105876, SPECIFICATION Table size 914mm x 356mm Maximum table load 1316Kg X axis traverse 762mm Y axis traverse 406mm Z axis traverse 508mm Spindle BT40 Spindle speeds 0 -8,100rpm Spindle motor 14.9kW Rapid feed rate 25.4m/min Toolchanger capacity 24 + 1 tools Tool to toll time 2.8 seconds Approximate weight 3500Kg MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH: - Haas TRT 160 5 axis trunnion table (removable) Wireless intuitive probing system Remote jog handle Swarf auger High speed machining Programmable coolant nozzle Lighting Guarding Manual Kdodpfx Aex Sq Sbefvjl Feed cutting time 11,436 hours

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, Available immediately ex location: CNC Vertical Machining Center EMCO Type VMC 600 Year of manufacture: 1999 Heidenhain TNC 426 D Kedpfx Afoy Tmy Dsvedl Electronic handwheel Travel X/Y/Z: 1200/410/370 mm SK 40 24-position tool magazine Speeds up to 6,000 rpm 3 vices Weight: 4 t Price: EUR 6,500.-- plus VAT, ex location SK 40

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, Technical Information for Mazak Corporation Mazak VTC-300C II: Model: Mazak VTC-300C II Machine type: Vertical CNC Machining Center Year of manufacture: 2003 Serial number: 162107 Accessories: Chip conveyor included Connected load: 28 kW Typical technical data for the Mazak VTC-300C II: Control: Mazatrol Fusion 640M / Mazatrol PC Fusion CNC Travel distances: X-axis: approx. 1,740 mm, Y-axis: approx. 760 mm, Z-axis: approx. 660 mm Table size: approx. 2,000 × 760 mm Table load capacity: up to approx. 1,400–1,500 kg Spindle taper: CAT 40 / BT40 Spindle speed: typically 10,000 rpm Main spindle power: approx. 18.5–22 kW Tool changer: 30 positions Rapid traverse: approx. 36 m/min Coolant system: included Machine weight: approx. 11,000–13,000 kg The machine is part of Mazak’s large VTC series and is particularly suited for: Large aluminum parts Steel machining Automotive production Fixture and series manufacturing Kodoy St E Rspfx Afvjdl

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, total height: 2,800 mm, total length: 2,300 mm, total width: 2,400 mm, overall weight: 6,500 kg, Mikron HSM 400 is a high-precision, high-speed machining center STEP TEC spindle, type HVC140-SB-10-15/42-3F-HSK-E40Spindle hours: 26897 hManufacturer: Step-Tec AG (Switzerland)Spindle type: HVC140-SB-10-15/42-3F-HSK-E40Tool interface: HSK-E40Maximum spindle speed: 42,000 rpmPower: 13 kW (40% duty cycle), 10 kW (100% duty cycle)Torque: 4.25 Nm (40% duty cycle), 3.2 Nm (100% duty cycle)Lubrication: oil-air lubrication systemAxis Drives and DynamicsDrive system: AC servo motors with ball screw drivesFeed rate (X/Y/Z): 0 – 40 m/minAcceleration (X/Y/Z): 1 g (10 m/s²)Rotary Axis PerformanceB-axis speed: up to 54,000 °/minC-axis speed: up to 90,000 °/minTool SystemTool interface: HSK-E40Tool magazine capacities: 18 / 36 / 68 tools depending on configurationTool change time: approx. 10 secondsChip-to-chip time: approx. 12.5 secondsPallet and Clamping SystemErowa UPC pallet system: 320 × 320 mmWorkpiece DataMaximum workpiece weight: up to 200 kgMachine ApplicationThe Mikron HSM 400 is designed for high-precision machining of complex components and is widely used in toolmaking, mold manufacturing, medical technology, micro-machining and high-end precision engineering where surface quality and dimensional accuracy are critical. Travel Z-axis: 350 - mm Travel X-axis: 400 - mm Weight approx.: 6,500 kg Control: Heidenhain TNC 430 M Dimensions (LxWxH) approx.: 2300 x 2400 x 2800 mm Travel Y-axis: 240 - mm Year of construction: 2,001 Condition: in working order Kdjdpsy Tkdyjfx Afvel Terms of payment: 100% prepayment before pick-up Terms of delivery: Free loading on truck under power: No

Condition: excellent (used), Hurco VM20i Vertical Machining Centre (2014) Travels X: 1,016 mm Y: 508 mm Z: 508 mm Table size: 1,168 × 508 mm Max load: 1,800 kg T-slots: 5 × 18 mm Spindle Taper: SK40 / CAT40 Max speed: 10,000 rpm Power: 15 kW Torque: 99–102 Nm Weight: 4,150 kg Footprint: 3.7 m × 3.0 m Height: 2.5 m Kedpfx Aey Nzw Asfvodl Additional Features: Year 2014 4th Axis & Tailstock Reishaw Probe Tooling

Condition: used, CNC Vertical Machining Center HURCO Type BMC 30/M Serial No: B3M92202056AB : 9650234 Year of construction 1996 CNC path control Ultimax 3 Travel X: 760 mm, Y: 460 mm, Z: 610 mm Table size (clamping surface) 1010 x 400 mm Table size (with water groove) 1120 x 500 mm Spindle holder SK 40 Distance spindle nose - table 150 - 760 mm Projection 450 mm Spindle speed 80 to 8000 rpm infinitely variable Feed rate 3 to 16,000 mm/min. Rapid traverse 24 m/min. Spindle drive 7.5 kW at 30 min / 5.5 kW at 100% Mains connection 400 Volt, 50 Hz - CNC path control Ultimax 3 (with hardware update e.g. TFT monitors) - Electronic handwheel - Indirect measuring system with rotary encoders on the ball screw spindle - Tool changer with 24 tool positions - Fully protected cabin with sliding door - Rotating control panel - spindle drives Yaskawa (Japan) - pneum. mechanical tool clamp - Coolant unit adjacent, pushed under from behind - trough rinsing Kedpfjtrhq Hjx Afvedl Machine width 2400 mm Space required for transportation L x W x H 3400 x 2400 x 2550 mm Weight approx. 4800 kg good condition

Condition: used, CNC Vertical Machining Center HURCO Type BMC 25/M Serial No: ZB9-001-052 Year of manufacture: approx. 1995 Travel distances X: 610 mm, Y: 410 mm, Z: 560 mm Table size (clamping surface) 845 x 400 mm Table size (with coolant groove) 1050 x 500 mm Spindle taper SK 40 Distance spindle nose - table 155 - 710 mm Table load capacity max. 500 kg Overhang 420 mm Spindle speed max. 10,000 rpm Feed rate 3 to 5080 mm/min Rapid traverse 10 m/min Spindle drive approx. 5.5 kW Power supply 400 Volt, 50 Hz - CNC path control Ultimax 3 with two TFT monitors - Electronic handwheel - Indirect measuring system with rotary encoders on the ballscrew - Tool changer with 20 tool stations - Full enclosure with sliding door - Swiveling control panel - Yaskawa (Japan) spindle drives - Pneumatic-mechanical tool clamp Kdodsw Nklhjpfx Afvsl - Without coolant system – pump included – coolant tray missing Machine width 2400 mm Space requirement for transport L x W x H = 3000 x 2400 x 2650 mm Weight 4200 kg Good condition

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2006, machine/vehicle number: 182926, Transport width under 3 meters ● Delivery terms: Free loading onto truck ● Location: 42855 Remscheid ● Availability: Fixed pickup date on May 28, 2026 ● Payment terms: Advance payment - via bank transfer ● Internal No.: KL2 ● Pickup: The machine is scheduled for pickup in calendar week 22. The exact pickup date will be determined after coordination on a date specified by us. Technical data: Working area / axes: Table working area (right/left): 2,000 mm Table working area (front/rear): 760 mm X-axis (saddle movement): 1,740 mm Y-axis (column movement): 760 mm (+250 mm for ATC) Z-axis (spindle head): 660 mm Distance from spindle end to table surface: 180 – 840 mm Distance from spindle center to column front: 808 mm Table: Table size: 2,000 x 760 mm T-slots: 5 pieces T-slot width: 18 mm T-slot spacing: 125 mm Max. table load: 1,400 kg Distance from machine base to table surface: 825 mm Spindle: Spindle taper: 7/24 taper, No. 40 Speed range: 40 – 12,000 min⁻¹ Feed: Rapid traverse rate: 36,000 mm/min Kjdpfjy R Suzjx Afvjdl Cutting feed rate: 1 – 8,000 mm/min Tool magazine: Tool places: 30 Scope of supply: ● Available manuals (completeness not guaranteed) Dimensions & weights: ● Installation dimensions L x W x H approx.: 5000 x 3450 x 3300 mm ● Weight approx.: 11,500 kg Additional notes: ► Upon request, we can offer transport to the destination. ► The quoted price is net plus VAT. ► The goods are sold excluding any warranty. ► Technical data without guarantee. ► Subject to prior sale. ❗The sale of the goods is exclusively to business customers❗

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, machine/vehicle number: 564, RETROFIT of the machine in 2010, CNC control FANUC Series 18i TB, total weight 5,500 kg, filtration system W & W FILTERSYSTEME, chip conveyor SEREMETO, cooling unit EMAG HTD 720 Kjdpfoy Sqiaex Afvedl

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 740 mm, controller manufacturer: Mazatrol, controller model: Matrix Nexus, workpiece weight (max.): 700 kg, total height: 2,814 mm, total length: 4,690 mm, total width: 2,330 mm, table width: 500 mm, table length: 500 mm, overall weight: 11,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC Horizontal Machining Centre CNC Control Mazatrol Matrix Nexus Pallet table size 500 x 500 mm Number of pallets 2 Table load 700 kg Movement X-Y-Z-axis 730x730x740 mm Table indexing 0,001 ° Spindle taper CAT 40 Kdodoy N Azvspfx Afvol Spindle speed 18.000 1/Min Spindle motor 30/22 kW Magazin capacity 40 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, travel distance X-axis: 630 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 620 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 710 mm, controller manufacturer: Fanuc, controller model: 160is-MB, total height: 2,771 mm, total length: 5,855 mm, total width: 2,555 mm, table width: 500 mm, table length: 500 mm, table load: 400 kg, overall weight: 8,200 kg, spindle speed (min.): 100 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, CNC Horizontal Machining Centre CNC Control Fanuc 160is-MB Kodpfx Ajy N Ax Uefvedl Pallet table size 500 x 500 mm Number of pallets 2x Table load 400 kg X-axis travel: 630 mm Y-axis travel: 620 mm Z-axis travel: 710 mm Indexing of table 0,001° Spindle holder MAS BBT 40 Spindle speed 100 - 12.000 rpm Spindle motor 11/7,5 kW Positions in the tool magazine 60 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock. We sell this machine at a special price called “as seen”. This means that we do not check the condition of the machine.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 740 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 700 kg, controller manufacturer: Mazatrol, total height: 2,813 mm, total length: 5,985 mm, total width: 3,056 mm, overall weight: 11,000 kg, table length: 500 mm, table width: 500 mm, controller model: Matrix Nexus, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC Horizontal Machining Centre Kodpfxey N Addj Afvjdl CNC Control Mazatrol Matrix Pallet table size 500 x 500 mm Number of pallets 2 Table load 700 kg Movement X-Y-Z-axis 730x730x740 mm Table indexing 0,001 ° Spindle taper DIN 69871A-40 Spindle speed 18.000 1/Min Spindle motor 35-26 kW Magazin capacity 80 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, travel distance X-axis: 4,050 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,070 mm, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, total height: 5,170 mm, total length: 12,500 mm, total width: 6,600 mm, overall weight: 48,000 kg, table length: 4,200 mm, table width: 2,040 mm, controller model: iTNC 530, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC Double Column Vertical Machining Centre CNC Control Heidenhain iTNC 530 Table size 4200 x 2040 mm Table load 15.000 kg Number of pallets: 1 Kodpfx Afsy Nzt Rovjdl Movement X-Y-Z-axis: 4050 / 2600 / 1070 mm Spindle taper DIN 69871a- SK 50 Spindle speed 6.000 RPM Number of tools in magazin: 60 pieces If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 740 mm, controller manufacturer: Mazatrol, total height: 3,050 mm, total length: 7,805 mm, total width: 7,109 mm, overall weight: 11,600 kg, table length: 500 mm, table width: 500 mm, controller model: Fusion 640 M, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, tool weight: 700 g, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC Horizontal Machining Centre CNC Control Mazatrol 640M Pallet table size 500 x 500 mm Number of pallets 10 Table load 700 kg Movement X-axis 730 mm Movement Y-axis 730 mm Movement Z-axis 740 mm Table indexing 360 x1 ° Spindle Taper CAT 40 Spindle 12.000 1/min Spindle motor 22/15 kW Magazin capacity 80 Required floor space 9850 x 10145 mm Kodpsy Nzrasfx Afvodl If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, travel distance X-axis: 435 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 465 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 560 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 80 kg, total height: 2,755 mm, total length: 3,360 mm, total width: 3,870 mm, overall weight: 8,500 kg, spindle nose: MAS BBT 40, 5-axis Vertical Machining Centre CNC Control Matsuura G-Tech 31 i Table size ø 130 mm Table load 80 kg Number of pallets 10 max workpiece dia x height 330 x 300 mm Movement X-axis 435 mm Movement Y-axis 465 mm Movement Z-axis 560 mm C-axis (table rotation) 360° A-axis (table tilt) -125/+10° Kedpey Ny Aksfx Afvodl Spindle speed 50 - 15.000 R/min Spindle taper MAS BBT 40 Spindle motor 7,5/5,5 kW Magazin capacity 90 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2014, The HOLZ-HER EVOLUTION 7405 is a compact yet powerful vertical CNC machining center that delivers complete machining in a single setup—with precise milling on all four edges for perfectly finished parts. The machine processes materials from 8 to 70 mm thick and up to 3200 mm in length, while taking up minimal floor space, making it an extremely flexible and efficient solution for modern furniture and woodworking production. Brand: Holz-Her Model: Evolution 7405 Year of manufacture: 2014 Stock No.: 2002879BXA TECHNICAL DATA Machining dimensions Maximum material thickness: 8 – 70 mm. Vertical through-feed (width): 1,200 mm. Length: Unlimited (1,500 mm without repositioning). Minimum workpiece: approx. 200 x 70 mm. Working dimensions (X, Y, Z) Max board size (without additional support): X: 3,200 mm Y: 920 mm Kdjdpfxoyxbv Ro Afvol Z: 70 mm Minimum workpiece size: X: 200 mm Y: 70 mm Z: 8 mm Maximum machining In the X direction (without re-clamping): Circular milling/formatting (excl. milling radius): 1,450 mm Complete machining (milling, drilling, milling groove): 1300 mm In the Y-direction: 920 mm Performance & Spindle Spindle power: 7.5 kW (4-axis) / 6.5 kW (standard) / 10.3 kW (optional) HSK mounting. Tool changer: 6-position (standard on 4-sided). Spindle speed: Variable, high-performance. Vector speed: 68 m/min. Features & Equipment 4-sided machining: Complete formatting and edge profiling. Drilling unit: Standard with milling spindle and drill head. Vacuum system: Intelligent, automatic positioning of suction cups. Control system: CAMPUS/NC Hops. Requirements Floor space: Less than 5 m²

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, CNC twin table ERGON CNC Maskin SCM Type:Ergon Serie no:AA1/012348 Year:2001 CNC machine SCM ERGON Program NUM PC, and CAD ALIPA CAM 2 work tables simultaneoulsy or single work 2 tool magazin/too lchange each 12 holders 2 electro spindles each 11 kw, 18000rpm who can work in pair (DUOSET) independence Z axe stroke Tool holder HSK-63 1 drillbox 18 spindles Toolchange magazin 2x12 places Angular head Manual/instruction, pneumatic, electric diagram in severaL languages on CD Technical info: Control, program NUM-PC, CAD Alpha CAM Axis stroke X-Y-Z 4500-1740x-300mm Work tables 2 pcs each 2160x1520mm electyro spindles/routers DUOSET 2x11kw, 18000rpmwho can work in pair Vertical stroke of 2 independent Z axis Syncron electronic floating head Kdjdpfen Hx Tlsx Afvel 2 carousel toolholders for change each 12 pcs HSK 63 cone Vector axe Vacuumpump 90m3/h F18-drillbox 18 spindles Power 400 volt, 50 Hz, 3 phase Dimension set up approx:7460x5500mm X-x Weight 7000 kg Stock no:2001650BXA Price: 200000 SEK

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008166, X axis working area: 4250 mm Ksdpoyy U S Isfx Afvedl Y axis working area: 1250 mm Working Table: Pod and Rail Main Electrospindle power: 9 KW Number of controlled axes: 4 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 25 Total number of tool changer positions: 14

Condition: used, CNC Vertical Machining Center FEHLMANN Type PICOMAX 60 CNC Control System: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 Serial No.: 14599641 Year of manufacture: 1999 Travel paths X: 500 mm, Y: 350 mm, Z: 610 mm Feed rate: 1 - 20,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 20 m/min Feed force: 12,000 N Table clamping surface: 920 x 380 mm T-slots: 7 pcs, 12-H8 mm Table load capacity: max. 250 kg Table height: 1004 mm Distance spindle nose - table: 94 - 704 mm Overhang spindle - column: 405 mm Spindle speed: 50 - 18,000 rpm, stepless Spindle drive: 10.2 kW (60% duty cycle) Max. torque: 70 Nm (up to 1240 rpm) Spindle taper: SK 30 / DIN 69871A Pull stud: DIN 69872 Drilling capacity in steel: 25 mm Milling capacity in steel / aluminium: 100 / 700 cm³/min Thread cutting in steel / aluminium: M20 / M24 Tool changer: 24 positions Tool change time: approx. 6 sec. Chip-to-chip time: approx. 8 sec. Control: Heidenhain TNC 426 Power supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz Connected load: 20 kW - Electronic handwheel Heidenhain HR410 - 3D probe Renishaw MP12 - Tool measurement system - TFT display - Direct path measuring system - Coolant system (200 liters, lateral) - Spindle cooling unit (lateral) Kedjy N Du Dopfx Afvodl - Central lubrication Vogel - Air supply: 6 bar, 40 - 200 l/min - Oil mist extraction - Operating hours: - Control on: 97,000 h - Machine on: 80,000 h - Program run: 42,000 h Required space (L x W x H): 2,000 x 1,700 x 3,000 mm Weight: approx. 3.2 t Good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 4,898 h, travel distance X-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 800 mm, CNC machining center, used Kodpfx Aoyy R Hzjfvsdl Manufacturer: AWEA Model: BM-1600 Year of manufacture: 2017 Control system: Heidenhain iTNC 530 HSCI Operating hours Spindle hours: 4,898 h Total power-on hours: 18,739 h Working area: X-axis: 1,600 mm Y-axis: 800 mm Z-axis: 800 mm Spindle: Speed: 10,000 rpm Power: 22/35 kW Taper: BT 50 Table: 1,700 x 800 mm Max. load: 2,000 kg Equipment: - 40-position tool changer - Through-spindle coolant 20 bar - Electronic handwheel - Left-side chip conveyor - Direct linear measurement The machine was used in-house for manufacturing products by an automation technology company. A significant amount of aluminum processing was done on this machine.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007813, X axis working area: 3390 mm Kdedsx A Thdopfx Afvsl Y axis working area: 1552 mm Working Table: Pod and Rail Main Electrospindle power: 12 KW Number of controlled axes: 4 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 34 Total number of tool changer positions: 12

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, - USED - 3-AXIS VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE   X-AXIS TRAVEL: 800 mm Y-AXIS TRAVEL: 530 mm Z-AXIS TRAVEL: 530 mm DISTANCE SPINDLE NOSE-TABLE: 70-600 mm Rapid feedrate X - Y - Z: 48 m/min SPINDLE: 120 - 12000 rpm; 5,5-7,5 kW; ISO 40 TABLE SIZE: 900 x 520 mm MAX ADMITTED LOAD: 200 Kg TOOL MAGAZINE: BASKET-TYPE ; 25 POS MAX TOOL DIAMETER: 63,5 (80) mm MAX TOOL LENGHT: 250 mm MAX TOOL WEIGHT: 4 Kg CONTROL UNIT: FANUC 0i-MC WEIGHT: 5500 Kg OVERALL DIMENSIONS: 3250 x 1900 x 2700 mm ACCESSORIES: SWARF CONVEYOR ; Kodjy R E T Rspfx Afvodl PORTABLE HANDWHEEL

Condition: used, Make: DISKUS-WERKE, Model: ModuLine DS 300 SO, Year of manufacture: 2013, Machine No.: 2219, Control system: Siemens, Model Sinumerik 840D sl, 2 spindles, spindle distance 210 mm, max. speed approx. 4000 rpm, W-tool spindle / grinding spindle 2000 rpm, max. workpiece diameter 100 mm, max. workpiece height 40 mm, 8-position tool turret, manufacturer Sauter, model 0.5.480.516, tool holder type Capto C5, workpiece automation device, manufacturer DVS, model Moduline, transfer robot manufacturer Epson, PLC system control by Siemens, display with Simatic Panel Touch, coolant system by Knoll, type KF150/950, paper band filter, chip conveyor by Knoll, type 225S-2/170 Kodpfx Asx Ahg Ujfvedl +++ Note: This machine is part of an online surplus sale! +++

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 2,800 h, functionality: fully functional, CMS Speed 13 Horizontal cnc working center for Glas Kdodpfey Nzhhox Afvjl Axis Movement: X-Axis: 2.800 mm Y-Axis: 1.650 mm Z-Axis: 350 mm Options: - Elektrospindle 13,5 kW 0-15.000 U/Min - Watertank for outside tool cooling - Watertank for Vakuumpump - tool magazin 19 slots - CAD/CAM - central lubrification