Used Perfect Binding for sale (5,518)
Sort results
- Lowest price Highest price
- Newest listings Oldest listings
- Shortest distance Farthest distance
- Newest year of manufacture Oldest year of manufacture
- Latest update Oldest update
- Manufacturer A to Z Manufacturer Z to A
- Relevance
- Lowest price
- Price
- Highest price
- Price
- Newest listings
- Release date
- Oldest listings
- Release date
- Shortest distance
- Distance
- Farthest distance
- Distance
- Newest year of manufacture
- Year of construction
- Oldest year of manufacture
- Year of construction
- Latest update
- Update
- Oldest update
- Update
- Manufacturer A to Z
- Manufacturer
- Manufacturer Z to A
- Manufacturer
- designation from A to Z
- Description
- designation from Z to A
- Description
- Model from A to Z
- Model
- Model from Z to A
- Model
- Lowest reference
- Ref.No.
- Highest reference
- Ref.No.
- Shortest runtime
- Runtime
- Longest duration
- Runtime
- Relevance
- Relevance
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
Müller Martini3001 NB 5 S
Call
Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, Rebuilt: 2005
Size: 510 x 305 x 60 mm
Speed: 10.000 c/h
Equipment:
gathering machine:
• 15 feeders 210
controls:
• miss and double sheet control
intermediate elements:
• spiral race away
Fododyk N Ujpfx Akhjgf
• endsheet gluing unit 3610
• endsheet feeder with cold glue
• endsheet pressing unit
• jogging element
perfect binder:
• 35 clamps
• clamp pitch 24"
• jogging station
• resting table
• hot melt spine gluing unit
• cam controlled
• PVA (cold glue) spine gluing unit
• hot melt side gluing unit
• gauzing station
• S stream cover feeder
• cover scoring 2 to 6 lines
• S cover nipping and pressing station
• smooth lay down device
conveyor system:
• conveyor system 15 meter
• 1 curve
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
KolbusKM 411C
Call
Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, Built in 2006
Size max 320 x 510 x 70 mm
Speed max 15.000 c/h
Gatherer 18 stacions ZU 841
- Optical sheet control: SignalLynx
- ATC thikness control
1 Reject AS 841
Perfectbinder - Number of clamps: 30
- Main milling station
- 1st spine preparation station
- 2nd spine preparation station
- 3rd spine preparation station
- Brushing station
- Base for 1st spine glue system
- Hotmelt spine glue unit, interchangeable
- Premelter for spine glue unit: LH 375.C
- Base for 2nd spine glue system
- Hotmelt spine glue unit, interchangeable
- Premelter for spine glue unit: LH 375.C
- Base for side glue system
- Hotmelt side glue unit, interchangeable
- Premelter for side glue unit: LH 375.A
- Stream cover feeder: SAL 411.C
- Scoring station max: 6
- 1st nipping and pressing station
Fgodpfx Akjx Np Szohjf
- 2nd nipping and pressing station
- Lay down device (to the left)
Transport system Kolbus TSE
- Transport system, length (approx) 50 meters
- Conveyor tower Ambaflex
- Reject unit
Three knife trimmer Kolbus HD 152P
- counter: 14,367 mio—only!!!
- Co-Pilot with touchscreen
- Right hand infeed
- Counter stacker
- Knife pre-setting device
- Sets of knives: 2
- Exchangeable cutting tables (standard set): 7-18
- Silicone spray device
Stacker - Rima Stacker 3310 ( Kolbus XRS 130)
- Rima Statik device 110
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
KolbusKM 410 C
Call
Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, Built in: 2001-2003
Size: max 290 x 420 x 65 mm; min 100 x 105 x 3 mm
Speed: max 15.000 c/h
Equipment
gathering machine
• chain tensioner
• 12 stations
• gatherer ZU 840
• 8 streamfeeder STA 840
• reject unit AS 840
controls
• opticontrol signature image reader
intermediate elements
• reject unit
• jogging element
perfect binder
• Copilot
• Monitor control
• 23 clamps
• jogging station
• resting table
• fold pressing station
• milling and roughening station
• equalizing-leveling station
• hotmelt spine gluing unit
• hotmelt side gluing unit
• 2 premelters
• stream cover feeder
Fjdpeiz Aibofx Akhjgf
• cover pressing station
• smooth lay down device
conveyor system
• bypass for splitting saw
splitting saw
• turnover belt
• connected with
three knife trimmer
• destacker
• information three knife trimmer: HD 151 P
compensating stacker
• information compensating stacker: Müller Martini CB 16
standard accessories
• pv pressure-vacuum pump
• 1 set of electrical diagrams
• 1 set of spare part catalogues
• 1 set of tools
further information
• machine can be tested in production
• condition: working condition
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
MÜLLER MARTINI3010 Corona C18-35
Call
Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Maximum size: 360 x 310 mm
Minimum: 140 x 100 mm
Book block thickness: max. 60 mm, min. 3 mm
Cover size: max. 642 mm, min. 203 mm
Speed: up to 18,000 cycles/hour
Collating machine:
• 18 stations
• 18 Feeder 3681
• 3714 Reject module
Controls:
• Misfeed and double sheet detection
Fgodpfx Akeu Eubxohsf
• 2 jogging elements
Perfect binder:
• Command unit
• 35 clamps
• Clamp spacing: 18"
• Infeed channel with vibrator
• Jogging station
• Nipping station
• Milling and roughening station
• Double combined spine processing station
• Unit for spine gluing with hotmelt
• Spine gluing unit
• Hotmelt side gluing unit
• Gluing system
• 2 pre-melters
• SF-Stream cover feeder
• Cover scoring: 2 to 6 lines
• Delivery unit
Standard accessories:
• 1 set of operating manuals
• Condition: Clean, in very good, fully functional condition
• Availability: Immediately
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
MULLER MARTININormbinder 3002 NB 3 SF
Call
Condition: good (used), Size max 510 x 305 x 60 mm
Size min 140 x 100 x 3 mm
Cover size max 642 mm
Cover size min 203 mm
Speed max 12.000 c/h
Equipment
Fgsdpjd R Ecpefx Akhjf
gathering machine
• 18 stations
• 18 feeders 3661-210 SF
intermediate elements
• spiral race away
• jogging element
perfect binder
• 25 clamps
• clamp pitch 24"
• milling and roughening station
• hot melt spine gluing unit
• hot melt side gluing unit
• premelter
• SF stream cover feeder
• SF cover nipping and pressing station
• lay down device
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
Müller MartiniNormbinder 3001 NB 2 S
Call
Year of construction: 2015, condition: good (used), Rebuilt: 2015
Size:
Fgsdped Afayjfx Akhof
max 510 x 305 x 60 mm
min 140 x 100 x 3 mm
Cover size:
max 640 mm
min 203 mm
Speed max: 10.000 c/h
Equipment
gathering machine:
18 feeders 210
controls:
miss and double sheet control
intermediate elements:
spiral race away
jogging element
perfect binder:
20 clamps
clamp pitch 24"
milling and roughening station
hot melt spine gluing unit
hot melt side gluing unit
2 premelters
S stream cover feeder
S cover nipping and pressing station
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Multiple clamp perfect binder
SiglochSB 1300
Call
Year of construction: 1999, condition: good (used), Built in 1999
Sheet size:
max 420 x 300 mm
min 170 x 140 mm
Cover size:
max 420 x 640 mm
min 170 x 290 mm
Book thickness:
max 45 mm
min 2 mm
Cover thickness 100 - 350 g/qm
Speed max: 960 c/h
Dimensions: 3050 x 180 x 1600 mm
Stromart 400/50 V/Hz
Weight 1600 kg
Equipment:
- 4 clamps
Fgjdjhcw Rmopfx Akhef
- hot glue basin with side gluing
- cover feeder with 4-up scoring
- dust extraction
- belt delivery
- unloader
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
WohlenbergCity 4000
Call
Year of construction: 2000, condition: ready for operation (used), Built in 2000
Size max 370 x 320 x 50 mm
min 140 x 105 x 2 mm
Mechanical speed 4.000 c/h
Equipment
gathering machine:
• chain tensioner with hand fed
• Wohlenberg Sprinter 7009
• 12 stations
perfect binder
Fsdpfod H Ukdjx Akhsgf
• 15 clamps
• milling and roughening unit
• dust extraction
• fume extraction
• hotmelt spine gluing unit
• hotmelt side gluing unit
• 2 premelters
• rotary cover feeder
• belt delivery
• lay down device
• conveyor system
optional equipment---not included---
• three knife trimmer
• PUR gluing unit
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Multiple clamp perfect binder gatherer
KolbusKM 472
Call
Year of construction: 1998, condition: good (used), Built in: 1998/2008
Size:
max 460 x 310 x 60 mm
min 125 x 100 x 3 mm
Product thickness:
max 60 mm
min 3 mm
Speed:
max 8.000 c/h
Fgjdega Dhkspfx Akhof
Equipment
gathering machine:
• 16 stations
• gatherer ZU 804
intermediate elements:
• reject unit
• endsheet feeder
• -connected with
perfect binder:
• 27 clamps
• milling and roughening station
• 1st hotmelt spine gluing base
• intermediate drying unit
• 2nd hotmelt spine gluing base
• hotmelt spine gluing unit
• hotmelt side gluing unit
• 2 premelters
• gauzing station
• stream cover feeder
• cover pressing station
• 2. cover pressing station
• lay down device
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
KolbusKM 470
Call
Year of construction: 1998, condition: used, Built in 1998
Size max 460 x 310 x 60 mm
min 125 x 100 x 3 mm
Book block thickness max 60 mm
min 3 mm
Speed max 6.000 c/h
Equipment
gathering machine
• 16 stations
• gatherer ZU 801
• machine number gatherer 376
• -connected with
perfect binder
• 17 clamps
• milling and roughening station
• brushing station
• hotmelt spine gluing unit
• hotmelt side gluing unit
• 2 premelters
• stream cover feeder
• cover scoring
• cover pressing station
Fgodpfx Akedix Rxshsf
• smooth lay down device
• - option - not included
• PURt spine gluing unit
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
HeidelbergHarris UB 336
Call
Year of construction: 2001, condition: used, Built in 2001
Speed max 18.000 c/h
Equipment
gathering machine
• 32 stations
• 32 feeders RG 318 D
• reject gate after the gathering machine
perfect binder
• 36 clamps
• infeed chanel with jogger
• milling and roughening station
• hot melt spine gluing unit
• hot melt side gluing unit
• 2 premelters
Fgjdpfx Ajdpvitjkhef
• stream cover feeder
• cover nipping and pressing station
• smooth lay down device
optionales Equipment:--not included--
• PUR spine gluing unit
• premelter for PUR gluing unit
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
MÜLLER MARTINIPrinzbinder 1296
Call
Condition: used, Equipment
perfect binder
• hand fed
• 3 clamps
• milling and roughening station
• hot melt spine gluing unit
Fgsdodtxa Rspfx Akhsf
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
KolbusKM 470
Call
Year of construction: 1990, condition: good (used), Built in: 1990
Fjdpodyk Rhjfx Akhegf
Size: max 460 x 310 x 60 mm
Speed: max 6000 c/h
Equipment:
gathering machine:
• chain tensioner with hand feeding station
• 20 stations
controls:
• missing and double sheet control
intermediate elements:
• spiral raceway
• hand fed
perfect binder:
• 25 clamps
• jogging station
• resting table
• fold pressing station
• milling and roughening station
• brushing station
• hotmelt spine gluing unit
• cam controlled
• hotmelt side gluing unit
• premelter
• gauzing station
• stream cover feeder
• cover scoring 2 to 6 lines
• cover pressing station
• 2. cover pressing station
• smooth lay down device
optional equipment - not included:
• extending of the gathering machine
• modification of the conveyor belts
• three knife trimmer
• compensating stacker
• shrink wrapping
• palletizer
• optional equipment
Listing
Helmstedt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
KolbusKM 470
Call
Year of construction: 1986, condition: good (used), Built in: 1986
Size: 460 x 310 x 60 mm
Speed: 6.000 c/h
Equipment:
• hand fed
Fjdpfx Akodymnbehsgf
• 18 clamps
• resting table
• milling station
• equalizing-leveling
• hotmelt spine gluing unit
• gauzing station
• pile cover feeder
• four line scoring
• cover pressing station
Listing
Schijndel
7,556 km
Kolbus perfect binder KM 412.B (2011)
KolbusKM 412.B
Call
Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, Perfect binding line
Kolbus KM 412.B
Year: 2011
Consisting of
Book block feeder
Meccanotecnica XMT
Year: 2011
- Infeed conveyor from the right
Gathering machine
Kolbus ZU 841.B
Year: 2011
Description:
- Hand feeding station
- Universal base: 18
- Number of gathering stations: 18
- ATC thickness control
- Optical sheet control: SignalLynx
- Air center: VariAir central system
- Reject gate for incomplete products: AS 841
- Set up element
- Intermediate element with vibrating
- Transfer into the binder
Perfect binder
Kolbus KM 412.B
Year: 2011
Description:
- Number of clamps: 30
- Main milling station
- 1st spine preparation station
- 2nd spine preparation station
- 3rd spine preparation station
- Brushing station
- Excluding dust extraction system, machine was connected to a centralised dust extraction system
- Base for 1st spine glue system
- Base for 2nd spine glue system
- Hotmelt spine glue unit, interchangeable
- Premelter for spine glue unit: LH 375.C
- PUR spine gluing unit, interchangeable
- PUR premelter for PUR spine glue unit: Nordson XNO 962
- Base for side glue system
- Hotmelt side glue unit, interchangeable
- Premelter for side glue unit: LH 375.A
- Gauzing station
- Stream cover feeder: SAL 413.B
Fjdpfexuad Aox Akhjgf
- Scoring station: 6
- 1st nipping and pressing station
- 2nd nipping and pressing station
- Lay down device (to the left)
Transport system
Kolbus TSE
Description:
- Transport system, length (approx)
- Escape delivery
Conveyor tower
Three knife trimmer
Kolbus HD 153.P
Year: 2011
Product counter: 148 mio
Description:
- Co-Pilot with touchscreen
- Right hand infeed
- Counter stacker
- Knife pre-setting device
- Sets of knives: 2
- Exchangeable cutting tables (standard set): 7-18
- Silicone spray device
Book stacker
Kolbus (RIMA) XRS 130
Year: 2011
Description:
- Compensating stacker
- Delivery to the left and right
Optional availabe: (not included in pricing)
Kolbus card Gluer - KK 841 - 2011
Kolbus cold glue spine glue unit - 2011
Description updated: 9-4-2026
Listing
Nieuwkuijk
7,533 km
Perfect binder
PlanaxCopy binder 5
Call
Condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, For sale: a very nice semi-automatic thermal binding machine.
Brand: Planax, type: Copybinder 5.
Capacity: from 5 to 330 sheets, linen tapes, 200 books per hour.
Fodjywic Ajpfx Akhegf
Voltage: 220/240 volts, made in Germany.
Counter reading: only 43755.
Includes a large number of strips.
You are welcome to test the machine at our location.
We can arrange transport and packaging for you and load it into a truck or container.
Please request a price including transport (within the Netherlands).
Regards, Henk Hoos.
Listing
Obererbach (Westerwald)
7,738 km
Perfect binder
HorizonBQ-240
Call
Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, STC-Ref:G-671-2405
Horizon BQ-240, Year: 1995
equipped:
- Paper weights: 70 - 300 g/m²
- 1 clamps
Fedszr Ib Djpfx Akhsgf
- speed: 500 strokes/hour
- dimensions:2050 x 940 x 1200 mm
- Book block thickness 0,5 - 40 mm
- hotmelt glueing station
- 1 mm - 40 mm binding thickness
--> available: 08/2026
Listing
Helsinki
7,935 km
Perfect binder
DuploDPB-500
Call
Condition: good (used), The Duplo DPB-500 is a fully automatic, single-clamp perfect binder engineered for short-to-medium runs and variable-data print production. It reaches speeds up to 525 cycles per hour, handles book thicknesses up to 51 mm (2 inches), and utilizes hot-melt EVA or PUR glue systems.
Technical Specifications
Maximum Book Size: 360 mm × 320 mm (14.17” × 12.6”)
Fgjdozr E Easpfx Akhjf
Minimum Book Size: 120 mm × 120 mm (4.72” × 4.72”)
Maximum Cover Size: 360 mm × 696 mm (14.17” × 27.4”)
Maximum Binding Thickness: 51 mm (2.01”)
Minimum Binding Thickness: 1 mm + cover thickness
Cover Weight Range: 80 gsm to 302 gsm
Cycle Speed: Up to 525 books/hour
Warm-up Time: 30 to 40 minutes
Memory/Programs: 20 jobs programmable via touch screen
Key Features and Workflow
Automation: Automatically detects book thickness from the clamp to instantly adjust cover scoring and side glue application.
Spine Preparation: Integrates a milling and notching station to rough up and prep the spine block for maximum glue penetration.
Gluing System: Features separate application drums for the spine and side-gluing wheels for clean, square bound edges.
Listing
Braunschweig
7,802 km
Perfect Binder
WohlenbergCity e 6000
Call
Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2011, Wohlenberg Perfect Binder City e 6000
year 2011
- 15 clamps
- handfeeding
Fgodpfxet U Ahqe Akhsf
- infeed channel with jogging station
- 2 spine preparing units
- Hotmelt spine gluing unit with integrated premelter
- Hotmelt side gluing unit with integrated premelter
- PUR spine gluing unit with integrated barrel melting system
- PUR / Hotmelt heating and cleaning station
- foredge trimming device VSS for production of gatefolded brochures in in one operation
- rotary cover feeder
- scoring unit 2 and 4 scores
- 2 pressing stations
- small size equipment (min. 140 x 75 x 2 mm)
- delivery channel
- laydown device
Listing
Szczecin
7,953 km
Perfect binder
WohlenbergCity e 6000
Call
Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 133, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, input current: 44 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: documentation/manual, Good morning,
For sale: a Wohlenberg City E 6000 from 2007, complete with a Wohlenberg gathering machine with 12 stations and connecting links (connecting transporters, straight or curved). This is a reliable, automatic bookbinding machine designed for bookbinderies and printing houses, characterized by high flexibility, automatic and manual settings, the ability to handle various formats, and excellent performance for frequent format changes.
Fgodpfx Akjzrvkmshsf
Additional information:
- The machine is without a VSS (variable size system) but has the provision for a VSS (the VSS has been removed).
- The machine is without a KRF (knife folding system) but has the provision for a KRF.
- The machine is complete and in 100% working order.
- The machine can be inspected at our printing house in Szczecin.
- The nameplate is shown in the photo.
- Hotmelt gluing system.
Listing
Radom
8,431 km
Perfect binder
FastbindPUREVA XT
Call
Condition: good (used), Fastbind PUREVA XT Perfect binder
Machine ready to work, after inspection.
Possibility of gluing hard and soft covers and blocks.
Two replaceable gluers for gluing with standard EVA (Hot melt) and PUR (Polyurethane Glue) glue
The machine is equipped with the new PGO Microcut milling technology.
Ideal for photo books, thick covers and to meet the requirements of difficult customers.
Fgedpsztn A Refx Akhef
original product – Made in Finland
The set includes strips for hard and soft covers,
Description:
Technical capabilities of the machine: 60-180 books/h
Min. / max. cover thickness 0.1–45 mm
Max. length of glued spine 455 mm
Max. cover thickness 400 g/m²
Voltage 220–240 V
Machine dimensions (width/length/height) 1070 x 600 x 640 mm
Weight 90 kg
Trust Seal
Dealers certified through Used-Machines

Listing
Wöllstadt
7,830 km
Perfect binder
HuangsangHotmelt Einheiten B
Call
Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 50 h, We are selling several hotmelt stations from Huangsang. This system is almost as good as new and was only used briefly for a project.
Data:
Model: HS808A
Capacity: 10 l
Operating voltage: 220 V
Power: 2300 W
Temperature: 200 °C
Weight: 61 kg
Year of manufacture April 2020
_____
Model: HS808A
Capacity: 10 l
Operating voltage: 220 V
Power: 2300 W
Temperature: 200 °C
Weight: 61 kg
Fedpfxerzauzs Akhsgf
Year of manufacture September 2020
_____
Model: HS2199
Capacity: 10 l
Operating voltage: 220 V
Power: approx. 4000 W
Temperature: 200 °C
Weight: approx. 125 kg
Year of manufacture 2020
More detailed information on request. Please contact us!
Listing
Radom
8,431 km
Perfect binder
Heidelberg Eurobind 500Perfect Binder
Call
Condition: good (used), Heidelberg Eurobind 500 Perfect Binder
Machine in very good condition, low mileage, ready for operation.
From a state-owned printing house.
Manufacturer’s description:
Professional binder for perfect paperback binding. This fully automatic binder features an exceptionally sturdy design and is equipped with a hot glue gun, making it effective even for small and very small quantities of booklets or pages. The Heidelberg Eurobind 500 is a single-jaw binder with automatic cover feeding, which, operated by a single person, delivers impeccably bound books of consistently high quality.
It binds books with a thickness of 2 to 50 mm and a spine length of 120 to 320 mm, with a maximum output of up to 500 books per hour.
Fgedpfx Aezrfcrekhjf
Integrated milling cutter
Automatic cover feeding and creasing.
The set includes documentation, waste extraction, a compressor, and an electric book delivery system.
Listing
Radom
8,431 km
Perfect binder
Horizon BQ-270CPerfect Binder
Call
Condition: good (used), Horizon BQ-270C Perfect Binder
Machine in very good condition. Ready to use. Very low mileage.
Fedpjzrfclofx Akhogf
Manufacturer’s description:
Professional binder for perfect paperback binding. This fully automatic binder features an exceptionally sturdy design and is equipped with a hot glue gun, making it effective even for small and very small quantities of book covers or pages. The Horizon BQ-270C is a single-jaw binder with automatic cover feeding, which, operated by a single person, delivers impeccably bound books of consistently high quality. Equipped with a core thickness scanner, it allows for on-demand binding.
Binds books with a thickness of 0.5 to 50 mm and a spine length of 135 to 320 mm, with a maximum production rate of up to 500 books per hour.
Factory-installed cutter with additional scoring knives.
Maximum milling depth up to 3 mm.
Automatic cover feeding via a suction drum with a secure, consistent alignment with the bound sheets. A factory-installed system creates 4-fold creases on the cover, which automatically adjusts for precise alignment.
Listing
Schijndel
7,556 km
Wohlenberg perfect binder Quickbinder (2011)
WohlenbergQuickbinder
Call
Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, Perfect binder
Fodpfx Aozl Edpskhsgf
Wohlenberg Quickbinder
Year: 2011
The Quickbinder from Wohlenberg is intended not only for expanding smaller-sized companies making the jump to quality book binding applications, but also for large, industrial-scale book binding companies who can utilize the machine for the production of superior, high-quality samples and editions.
Description:
- Motorised setting
- Colour monitor with touch screen: Navigator
- Solo perfect binder
- Hand feeding
- Number of clamps: 5
- Milling and roughening station
- Dust extraction system
- PUR spine gluing unit
- Hotmelt side glue unit
- Rotary cover feeder
- Nipping and pressing station
- Belt delivery
Optional available: Wohlenberg lay down delivery for connection to a conveyor system / three knife trimmer
Description modified on
Max. mechanical speed: up to 2.000 cycles/h
Maximum size range (wxhxt): 430 x 320 x 70 mm
Minimum size range (wxhxt): 110 x 105 x 2 mm
Note!: Specifications are subject to typographical errors and changes in comparable models by the manufacturer!
We make it easier for you to find: "perfect binding"
You will receive new offers immediately and free of charge via e-mail
You can easily terminate the search request at any time























































































































































































































