Used Sliding Bed Lathe Est Ticino - Et-Bm-Ct for sale (27,294)

Condition: used, turning diameter 280 mm turning length 800 mm control Siemens type 840 D Hsdsyqv Epopfx Ahzjnp turning speeds 4000 U/min swing diameter 320 mm 3 jaw chuck Forckrath 250 mm Machine has been overhauled The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, turning diameter 290 mm turning length 850 mm swing diameter 600 mm control Siemens type 840 D mm spindle passage 103 mm Hjdpeyqv Aujfx Ahzenp turning speeds 3000 U/min live tooling 3000 U/min rapid travel - grinding spindle 25 m/min total power requirement 65 kW weight of the machine ca. 11 t Serial No. 1130.2011-30 Equipment: Main spindle / counter spindle 2 power chucks 2 tool turrets C-axis Cabin Chip conveyor Coolant system 22 bar Offer price without tools Optional accessories available for purchase: 106 tool holders for internal and external machining, 20 driven tools (including 10 angle tools) The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 380 mm, turning diameter: 165 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, bar passage: 51 mm, controller model: Mitsubishi MELDAS, Machine in very good condition, fully functional both electrically and mechanically! TECHNICAL DETAILS Maximum bar capacity: 51 mm Maximum turning diameter: 165 mm Maximum turning length: 380 mm Maximum main spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Maximum sub spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Tool turret Number of tool turrets: 2 Hnedpsyvfvbofx Ahzep Positions per turret: 12 Driven tools possible MACHINE DETAILS Control: Mitsubishi MELDAS Machine weight: 8,000 kg EQUIPMENT Y-axis Simultaneous machining possible High rigidity and process reliability Complete technical documentation available

Condition: good (used), suitable for a high-performance lead and feed screw lathe VDF 18 RO Hnedpfx Ajw Sfimohzep Bed slide unit with top slide and simple steel tool holder Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 205 mm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 16 mm, controller model: Fanuc Series 18i-TB, number of axes: 5, CNC Swiss-type automatic lathe with main and sub-spindle! TECHNICAL DETAILS Machining Data Bar diameter: max. 16 mm Turning length: max. 205 mm Spindle speed: max. 6,000 rpm Number of axes: 5 Control Control manufacturer: FANUC Control model: Series 18i-TB MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 1,650 kg EQUIPMENT Main spindle Sub-spindle Hjdpfx Ahjw Eb Hcozonp 8 tool stations for side machining 2x 4 tool stations for rear and face machining 3 driven tool stations Small parts discharge conveyor Bar feeder: FMB Minimag 18 (bar length: 3,200 mm) Coolant system: Oil

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 0624, turning diameter: 20 mm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, controller model: FANUC Series 18i-T, spindle stroke: 205 mm, number of axes: 7, CNC Swiss-type lathe with seven machining axes! TECHNICAL DETAILS Machining Data Turning diameter: 20 mm Spindle head stroke: 205 mm Spindle speed: max. 6,000 rpm Number of axes: 7 Bar length: 3,200 mm Control: FANUC Series 18i-T EQUIPMENT Main spindle with 4 axes (X/Z/Y/C) Sub-spindle with 3 axes (X/Z/C) 14 tool stations 5 driven tool positions Small parts extraction device Bar feeder: FMB Type Turbo 3-26 Operator terminal Hnsdpfxjw Uilqo Ahzep Coolant system: Oil

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 205 mm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 16 mm, controller model: FANUC Series 18i-TB, number of axes: 5, CNC Swiss-type automatic lathe with main and sub spindle! A similar machine was recently auctioned successfully! TECHNICAL DETAILS Machining data Max. bar diameter: 16 mm Max. turning length: 205 mm Max. spindle speed: 6,000 rpm Number of axes: 5 Bar length: 3,200 mm Hnedpfx Aow Uip Ajhzep Control system: FANUC Series 18i-TB MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 1,650 kg EQUIPMENT Main spindle Sub spindle 8 tool stations for side machining 2x 4 tool stations for rear and face machining 3 driven tool stations Small parts discharge conveyor Bar feeder magazine: FMB Minimag 18 Coolant system: Oil

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 3085, turning length: 205 mm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 16 mm, controller model: FANUC Series 18i-TB, number of axes: 5, CNC Swiss-type automatic lathe with main and sub spindle! TECHNICAL DETAILS Machining Data Maximum bar diameter: 16 mm Maximum turning length: 205 mm Maximum spindle speed: 6,000 rpm Number of axes: 5 Bar length: 3,200 mm Control: FANUC Series 18i-TB MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 1,650 kg EQUIPMENT Main spindle Hedpfsw Echnsx Ahzenp Sub spindle 8 tool positions for side machining 2x 4 tool positions for rear and face machining 3 driven tool stations Small parts discharge conveyor Bar feeder: FMB Minimag 18 Coolant system: oil

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1673, turning length: 205 mm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 16 mm, controller model: FANUC Series 18i-TB, number of axes: 5, CNC sliding headstock automatic lathe with main and sub spindle! TECHNICAL DETAILS Hnedew Uim Iepfx Ahzep Machining data Max. bar diameter: 16 mm Max. turning length: 205 mm Max. spindle speed: 6,000 rpm Number of axes: 5 Bar length: 3,200 mm Control: FANUC Series 18i-TB MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 1,600 kg EQUIPMENT Main spindle Sub spindle 8 tool stations for side machining 2x 4 tool stations for back and face machining 3 driven tool stations Small parts discharge conveyor Bar feeder: FMB Minimag 3200 A

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: XD20BB0393, turning length: 210 mm, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, turning diameter: 20 mm, equipped with Iemca Boss 332E-r/32 barfeed new in 2008 with 12 mm guide channels - chip conveyor - Fanuc 18i-TB Control Hodpfsr Arwuex Ahzonp

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 10 h, functionality: fully functional, Controller SIEMENS 828D with Shopturn and 17 inch Touch screen Swing dia 550 mm Turning length 428 mm Max. turning dia 300 mm Spindle bore 62 mm Max bar dia 51 mm Spindle face A2-6 Spindle speed 35 - 5000 rpm motorspindel Travel X axis 210 mm Travel Z axis 561 mm Turret 12-fold (all stations driven) Turret interlock hydraulic Turret drive servo Tool change time 0,2 sec. Tool section 25x 25 mm Max speed of life tools 5000 rpm. Max power of live tools 5 kW Max milling capacity (shaft mill) 16 mm Max milling capacity (milling head) 50 mm Max drilling capacity D16 mm Max tapping capacity M16x2 Hedpfx Ahswbu T Ujzsnp Rapid speed Z axis 30 m/min Rapid speed X axis 30 m/min Position accuracy 0,008 mm Repeat accuracy 0,003 mm Tailstock Pinole conus MT4 Travel of tailstock body 565 mm Hydraulic tank capacity 20 L. Power of hydraulic pump 1,5 kW Hydraulic power 3,5 - 6 Mpa Volumen of lubrication 2 L Power of lubrication pump 25 W Coolant tank volume 130 L Power of coolant pump 25 W Motor power cont. 11 kW 400 Volt 50Hz Motor power short time (30 min) 15 kW 400 Volt 50 Hz Weight 4000 kg Dimensions LxWxH = 2600 x 1685 x 1768 mm Accessories Coolant unit, Turret for 12 driven tools, 200 mm hydr. chuck, Linear guides and ball screws THK/Japan, SHOP TURN, Spindle cooler, Chip conveyor, Tool presetter, automatic tool length compensation, barfeeder interface, air blowing for chuck and turret, high pressure coolant, oil selector.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, Machine is stocked in our Bulgaria Plovdiv showroom Spindle bore is 254 mm Machine has hydraulic turret system Hydraulic tailstock machining length is 4000 mm Swing over bed:1070 mm Swing over cross slide: 680 mm Fanuc control system Machine have steady rests. IN OUR STOCKS WE HAVE: *Horizontal Machining centers *CNC lathes 2 axis *CNC lathes 2 axis + C axis *CNC lathes 2 acis + C axis + Y axis *CNC tapping centers *CNC vertical machining centers %100 owned +50 CNC machine tools in stock! You are welcome to contact us for your further questions CNC World Machine LTD Hodpfsnyh Rwex Ahzonp

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, Specifications Manufacturer HARDINGE Model HARDINGE TWIN SPINDLE LATHE QUEST 8/51 Hedpfx Ahovk E Ddjzjnp Year 2002 Description 2002 HARDINGE QUEST 8/51 CNC SUB SPINDLE, DRIVEN TOOLING LATHE WITH GE FANUC SERIES 16I-T CONTROL 150mm Dia 3 Jaw Power Chuck. Collet Chuck Sub Spindle, 12 Station Turret. Quantity Of Static & Driven Holders. S/No. QC-28 (2002).

Condition: used, mileage: 494,288 km, power: 390 kW (530.25 HP), first registration: 06/2019, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 11,800 kg, maximum load weight: 14,200 kg, overall weight: 26,000 kg, axle configuration: 6x2, next inspection (TÜV): 01/2027, color: black, driver cabin: sleeper cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, Equipment: air conditioning, cruise control, onboard computer, parking heater, trailer coupling, Unladen weight: 11,800 kg, permissible total weight: 26,000 kg, seats upholstered in fabric, interior color: gray, retarder, tachograph, electronic braking system (EBS), electronic stability program (ESP), armrests for driver/passenger, heated seats, radio, audio interface, power steering, electric windows, outside temperature display, roof spoiler, electric exterior mirrors, curb mirrors, wide-angle mirrors, central locking, light bar with lights, daytime running lights, cup holders, information and service system, speed limiter, upper and lower bunk, vehicle location: 01471 Radeburg. Errors and omissions excepted. Hnsdpfx Ajzkp Amshzjp

Condition: used, mileage: 853,475 km, power: 265 kW (360.30 HP), first registration: 12/2015, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 26,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, brakes: retarder, color: green, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 3,980 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), navigation system, parking heater, * MB TruckLine CD radio with Bluetooth and hands-free functionality * On-board computer with multifunction steering wheel * MB FleetBoard * CB radio * Auxiliary heater * Stand-alone air conditioning * Refrigerator box ----* Underrun protection * Toolbox * Fire extinguisher * Drawbar coupling ----* Emergency brake assist * Lane keeping assist * Hill start assist ----* Retarder * Full air suspension * Rear axle differential lock ----Vehicle number 8564-----Subject to errors and prior sale-----Advertising and various lettering have been digitally removed.----We are happy to assist you with any formalities that may arise when purchasing a vehicle, offering you expert guidance and support. Simply let us know your wishes and suggestions, and we will handle them. Among other services, we can offer the following at an additional charge: ?Trade-in of your old vehicle Hnedpfxsvhuaco Ahzep * TÜV/SP inspection * Complete export handling * Financing arrangement * Application for export number plates * Vehicle transfer * Vehicle registration YOUR VTS TEAM WhatsApp support available! If you have any questions about the vehicle or would like further information, feel free to contact us conveniently via WhatsApp. Whatsapp Whatsapp

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 2,400 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, fuel type: diesel, gearing type: automatic, HIAB forklift MOFFETT M4 20.4 Type: M4 20.4 Color: RED Serial No.: L200504 Lifting capacity: 2000 kg Operating hours: 2400 h Load centre: 600 mm Own weight: 2080 kg Year of manufacture: 05/2012 + Hydraulically extendable forks We are happy to assist you with financing/leasing through our partners. All information without guarantee. Subject to errors and prior sale. Hjdoy Hm Aropfx Ahzjnp

Condition: ready for operation (used), Siemens 6AV9070-1AC00 operator panel extension VS 100 E, version A01, in open original packaging, used, 100% functional. Hedpfx Ahoi Edhqezsnp

Condition: used, mileage: 656,605 km, power: 320 kW (435.08 HP), first registration: 04/2010, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 9,110 kg, maximum load weight: 8,890 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, tire size: 315/80R22.5, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 4,200 mm, brakes: retarder, color: blue, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro5, suspension: steel-air, number of seats: 2, Equipment: ABS, additional headlights, air conditioning, cabin, central locking, cruise control, differential lock, fog lights, low noise, onboard computer, power assisted steering, seat heater, traction control, trailer coupling, Vehicle location: Bovenden, Mercedes PowerShift transmission II, Sleeper cab, 1 comfort seat, seat heating, electric mirrors, heated mirrors, electric window left, electric window right, air conditioning, sun visor, cruise control, ABS (anti-lock braking system), traction control (ASR), retarder, auxiliary drive, automatic transmission, differential lock, storage compartment, ADR equipment, leaf-air suspension, trailer hitch with air and light connections, aluminum fuel tank, aluminum rims, low-noise G1, underbody protection, sunroof, green environmental badge. Wheelbase: 4200 mm, Body: MP3, Esterer tank body (year of manufacture 2002) with 2 compartments (6700l/6740l) approx. 13440l, 7.5t front axle, rear axle H6 13t, bevel gear 440, performance-optimized Voith retarder, disc brakes on front and rear axles, Telligent braking system with ABS and ASR, front underrun protection, ADR type class FL, including EX/II, EX/III and AT, Parameterizable special module (PSM), pre-equipment for toll collection, distributor cockpit, headlight cleaning system, Mercedes PowerShift 2, pollen filter, On-Board Diagnostics 2, Bi-Xenon headlights, transmission oil cooler, transmission lock for auxiliary drive, tank capacity: 300l, ADR package with retarder, auxiliary drive MB 124-10b flange and N-speed with 2 shafts. Hedpsza Hugofx Ahzonp VIN: WDB9300321L471224! ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT GUARANTEE, subject to changes, prior sale and errors!

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 33,707 kg, overall weight: 42,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 09/2025, next inspection (TÜV): 09/2026, loading space length: 8,912 mm, loading space width: 2,400 mm, loading space height: 2,285 mm, loading space volume: 50 m³, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 3,672 mm, Year of construction: 2025, Equipment: ABS, STAS 3-Axle Hardox Steel Tipper 50 cbm "EXTREME" Rock Tipper First registration: 09/2025, Condition: NEW Internal dimensions (LxWxH): 8,912 x 2,350/2,450 x 2,285 mm (tapered width design) Unladen weight: 8,293 kg Z-chassis, cranked design Continuous floor in 6 mm Hardox steel HB450 4 crusher bars evenly distributed along the entire length of the floor, fully welded Front wall and side walls made of 5 mm Hardox steel HB450 Slanted front wall, with internal access Deflector plates along the entire length of the side walls (to protect the mudguards) Hydraulic rear tailgate (with swinging function) HYVA tipping cylinder, type Alpha, suitable for high and low pressure Aluminium landing legs, full-load rated 2x pneumatic vibrators underneath the body Hodpfx Asxriu Eehzjnp SAF axles with large disc brakes, 430 mm 1st axle is a lift axle with start-assist WABCO Trailer EBS with roll stability support (RSS) WABCO Smartboard Automatic tipping lowering device Lifting and lowering device Tyres: 385/65 R 22.5 Aluminium access ladder Shovel and broom holder Toolbox on the right side 4x LED reversing lights RENTING is the new BUYING: also available for immediate full-service rental-----

Condition: used, mileage: 669,700 km, power: 390 kW (530.25 HP), first registration: 10/2020, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 26,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, brakes: retarder, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, navigation system, parking heater, soot filter, Actros 2553 chassis Hjdsyhx A Ajpfx Ahzjnp ClassicSpace cab, air conditioning, retarder, STEERED REAR AXLE, external sun visor, radio with navigation system and Bluetooth, rain sensor, light sensor, trailer coupling, EURO 6 D, lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, auxiliary heater, differential lock, multifunction steering wheel, ABS, central locking with remote control.

Condition: excellent (used), mileage: 884,118 km, power: 331 kW (450.03 HP), first registration: 05/2013, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 385/65/22,5, axle configuration: 6x2, wheelbase: 6,550 mm, fuel: diesel, color: blue, driver cabin: sleeper cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, suspension: steel-air, total length: 9,050 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, permissible axle load (axle 1): 9,000 kg, permissible axle load (axle 2): 11,500 kg, permissible axle load (axle 3): 7,500 kg, Year of construction: 2013, Equipment: ABS, AdBlue, air conditioning, central locking, cruise control, differential lock, fog lights, soot filter, trailer coupling, = Additional Options and Accessories = - DAB radio - Speed limiter - Air conditioning - Refrigerator - Media system - Particulate filter - Radio/CD player - Reversing camera - Sleeper cab - Sun visor - Toolbox - Power take-off (PTO) - Towing hitch = Further Information = Technical Information Number of cylinders: 6 Engine displacement: 12,809 cc Axle Configuration Brakes: Disc brakes Front axle: Tire size: 385/65/22.5; Max. axle load: 9,000 kg; Steering axle; Suspension: leaf spring Rear axle 1: Tire size: 315/70/22.5; Differential lock; Max. axle load: 11,500 kg; Suspension: air suspension Rear axle 2: Tire size: 385/65/22.5; Lift axle; Max. axle load: 7,500 kg; Suspension: air suspension Weights Unladen weight: 11,890 kg Payload: 16,110 kg Gross vehicle weight (GVW): 28,000 kg Functional Hjdpjwvhxmofx Ahzjnp Body manufacturer: HIAB MULTILIFT XR21S61 Condition Technical condition: very good Visual condition: very good Identification Registration number: 88-BBV-1 MERCEDES-BENZ 2545 ACTROS 6X2 WITH HIAB MULTILIFT XR21S61 HOOKLIFT EURO 6 | 450 HP DRIVE 6X2 WHEELBASE 540 CM LEAF/AIR SUSPENSION DIFFERENTIAL LOCK AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION WITH ENGINE BRAKE SLEEPER CAB WITH AIR CONDITIONING, FRIDGE 27MC, RADIO, TELEPHONE REVERSING AND SIDE CAMERAS HIAB MULTILIFT XR21S61 HOOKLIFT SYSTEM HYDRAULIC CONTAINER LOCKING TOOLBOX TRAILER HITCH WE SPEAK GERMAN WE SPEAK ENGLISH HABLAMOS ESPAÑOL

Condition: excellent (used), Part suitable for: cars Hnedpfxox N R Nuj Ahzjp Technical condition: very good Optical condition: very good

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 23,520 kg, overall weight: 36,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 05/2017, Year of construction: 2017, Equipment: ABS, Manufacturer De Buf Model BM 12-36-2SPR Belt Theam TSR15 Year 2017 Condition Good Serial Number YA9BM36217G222923 Ref. nr. 7812 Reg. date: Drum brake: ? ABS: ? Tire Size: 425/65R22.5 Cover% left 40 - 30% Hnjdpfx Ahszl Nm Uszop Suspension: Air Toolbox: ? Total weight: 36000 kg. Net weight: 12480 kg. Manufacturer: The Buf BM 12-36-2SPR Tank capacity: 12000 l. bånd Theam TSR15 Year 2017 Condition Good Serial Number YA9BM36217G222923 Ref. nr. 7812 Reg. date: Drum brake: ? ABS: ? Tire Size: 425/65R22.5 Cover% left 40 - 30% Suspension: Air Toolbox: ? Total weight: 36000 kg. Net weight: 12480 kg. Manufacturer: The Buf BM 12-36-2SPR Tank capacity: 12000 l.

Condition: excellent (used), axle configuration: 2 axles, permissible axle load (axle 1): 9,000 kg, permissible axle load (axle 2): 9,000 kg, first registration: 10/2019, total width: 2,600 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 435/50 R19,5, Year of construction: 2019, Equipment: ABS, = Additional Options and Accessories = - Air suspension - Disc brakes = Notes = TRANSPORT TO ANTWERP: 590 EUR Refrigeration unit brand: Frigoblock = Further Information = Axle configuration Tire size: 435/50 R19.5 Brakes: Disc brakes Suspension: Air suspension Rear axle 1: Max. axle load: 9000 kg Rear axle 2: Max. axle load: 9000 kg Hedpfxjzlzd Ss Ahzjnp Weights Unladen weight: 7,650 kg Payload: 22,350 kg GVW: 30,000 kg Functional Body brand: FRIGOBLOCK Extendable body: Yes Maintenance, history, and condition APK (technical inspection): valid until 11/2026 Technical condition: very good Optical condition: very good Identification License plate: OS-37-BY

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, machine/vehicle number: STA00161, XYZ CT52 2 Axis CNC Lathe Siemens 828D CNC Control Swing over bed 400mm Hsdszkbirepfx Ahzonp Max’ machining dia. 200 mm X-axis stroke 115mm Z-axis stroke 290mm Spindle speed 5000 rev /min Spindle Bore 61mm Max’ bar work dia. 52mm 12 Station VD130 Turret Tailstock stroke 90 mm Rapid traverse rate 20 m/min X & Z Axis Cutting Feed rate 10 m/min X & Z Axis Machine Weight 2500Kgs Machine Size 1700 x 1240mm Manufactured 2012 Machine supplied with: 3 Jaw Chuck Power Chuck Tool Setting Probe Parts Catcher Chip Conveyor Auto Lubrication High Intensity Machine Light Toolbox For Sale With Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock Number:79246 Machine Serial Number: STA00161 £19,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.