Used Tool Measuring Stand for sale (48,542)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 663015, Walter Helitronic Mini Power Production 5 Axis CNC Tool & Cutter Grinder Universal tool and cutter grinder (CNC controlled) Made by Walter, model Helitronic Mini Power Production, s/n663015, year 2000 Description: Suitable to manufacture and regrind metal and woodworking tools of all kinds. Run with 1 micron filtration system, so the machine is very clean. Specifications: • Longitudinal traverse (X-axis) 350 mm, • Vertical traverse (Y-axis) 200 mm, • Cross traverse (Z-axis) 470 mm, • Rotary table swiveling range (C-axis) +/- 200°, • Work head ISO 50, center height (with / without worktable) 145 / 190 mm, • Max. diameter of workpiece 100 mm • Max. length of workpiece 270 mm • Max. dia. of grinding wheel 150 mm • Peak performance 11,5 kW, grinding spindle motor 9kW,speed 0 - 9500 rpm, • Connected load approx. 25 kW (460 volts 3ph / 60 Hz), • Dimensions w x d x h = 2600 x 2550 x 1970 mm, weight approx. 3950 kg, color grey RAL 7035 / grey RAL 7043. Accessories: • Control HMC 500 Windows XP Upgrade • Includes: 2021 Ebbco Filtration & Chiller unit Model PMF-MWF5-623-P-40K capable of filtering & chilling up to 2 grinders. 40,000 BTU Chiller & filtration up to 1 Micron. • Booster Box Upgrade option along with a spare Booster Box as well that could be used as a backup or for up to 3 other Walter machines. Value of each booster box is $10,000 a piece. • Stepless speed control, probe, pneumatic workpiece clamping • Fire extinguishing system • Mist Extractor Kdsdpfxou Ez Huo Afdsk • Oil collecting pan, 2 grinding wheel flanges • Complete set of Manuals Software: • Tool Studio Version 2.1 Standard & Steptools • WWM Software Condition: • New Y axis Motor & Ball screw Installed 2021 • New Spindle Installed 2021 • New Electrical cabinet air conditioner Installed 2021 • All new encoder & motor cables for A, C, X, Y & Z axis Installed 2021 • Currently in production producing very accurate & consistent tools. Can be viewed under power • We have all of the shipping bracket, so the machine will be safely secured for shipping. • We can load onto a flatdeck for shipping for $900. We can also provide shipping & crating quotes if you would like.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 693068, overall weight: 7,300 kg, power: 30 kW (40.79 HP), Walter Helitronic Vision CNC Tool & Cutter Grinder with Pallet Loader Universal tool and cutter grinder (CNC controlled) Made by Walter, model Helitronic Vision, s/n 693068, year 2008 Description: Suitable to manufacture and regrind metal and woodworking tools of all kinds. Can be viewed under power. Specifications: • Longitudinal movement (X-axis) 480 mm • Y axis vertical movement 320 mm • Z-axis transverse movement 700 mm • Rotary table swivel range C-axis +/- 200 ° • Workpiece Holder ISO 50 • Max. Workpiece diameter 320 mm • Workpiece length circumferential grinding 370 mm • Workpiece length for face machining 320 mm • Accuracy linear resolution 0.0001 mm • Radial resolution 0.0001 ° • Diameter of the spindle 100 mm • Grinding wheel mount: HSK50 • Diameter of the grinding wheel 200 mm • Grinding spindle speed 0 – 12,000 rpm., • Top performance 30 kW • Connected load 35 kW (460 V / 60 Hz) • Weight approx. 7,100 kg • Dimensions L x W x H 3649 x 2490 x 2301 mm Accessories: • Does not include wheel opening stick fixture seen in the pictures • Stepless speed control, probe, pneumatic workpiece clamping • Electrostatic mist extractor • Fire extinguishing system • Oil collecting pan, 2 grinding wheel flanges, Complete set of Manuals • Turmoil Drive Chiller • Loader Pallets: 8pcs – 3/16”, 1/4”, 5/16”, 3/8”, 1/2”, 5/8”, 3/4”, 1-1/4” • 10pcs - HSK Wheel Arbors Software: • Windows XP Pro Svc Pack 3 Kdodouqzdpspfx Afdek • Tool Studio V3.3 • The computer was upgraded & is very fast rendering tools in Tool Studio Condition: • Excellent condition, very accurate & consistent. October 2023 Y axis Complete rebuilt, Linear motor, rails, Compensation Cylinder, Festo Booster Pump done by United Grinding. • 1 Micron Filtration system was used on the machine (not included), so it’s been kept extremely clean • We can load onto a flatdeck for shipping for $1200. We can also provide shipping quotes if you would like & crating for Sea Freight shipping.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, voltage 110 - 230 V frequency 50 - 60 Hz Kdedjymfz Sspfx Afdjk Power connection 0,5 kVA weight 150 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1,0 x 0,8 x 1,75 m Stick blade profile control unit - Control via PC control with Windows XP operating system - Digital drive amplifiers, linear motors and measuring systems - Fully automatic position determination of the cutting edges and axis position of the stick blade - Measurement of almost all single-part and continuous processes required for spiral bevel gears and hypoid gears - Machine concept designed for the shortest set-up and changeover lines and maximum measuring accuracy - Combination probe for measuring tip and surface measurement - Integrated drawer for accessories - Keyboard integrated in flat drawer - Operating elements and PC protected against unauthorized access with lockable cabinet element

Condition: used, Motor output 3 kW total power requirement 3 kw Kjdpfev Nq Skjx Afdedk Weight 1.400 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 62286233, measuring range X-axis: 400 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 400 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 200 mm, total width: 1,303 mm, total length: 776 mm, total height: 1,004 mm, overall weight: 324 kg, workpiece weight (max.): 20 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, 📏 As New Mitutoyo QV Active 404 CNC Vision Measuring System for Sale – High-Precision, Non-Contact Metrology Upgrade your inspection capabilities with the Mitutoyo QV Active 404, a cutting-edge CNC vision measuring system designed for fast, accurate, and repeatable 2D and 3D non-contact measurements. This used unit offers premium Mitutoyo performance at a cost-effective price—ideal for precision manufacturing, quality control labs, and R&D environments. Condition: Never Used – Still in original crates 🔧 Product Overview – Mitutoyo QV Active 404 The Mitutoyo Quick Vision Active 404 is part of Mitutoyo’s renowned Quick Vision series, combining fast automatic measurement, superior accuracy, and flexible lighting systems. It’s equipped with CNC stage movement, a high-resolution camera, and QVPAK software, providing automated, high-accuracy vision-based inspection in one compact footprint. This machine is still in its original crates and is in as new condition, making it a perfect solution for any business requiring advanced metrology tools without the cost of new equipment. ✅ Key Features of the Mitutoyo QV Active 404 📐 Automatic 3-Axis Measurement (X/Y/Z) with CNC stage 🔍 Non-Contact Vision Measurement – Ideal for fragile or micro-scale parts 🧠 QVPAK Software – Industry-leading metrology software for automated routines, reporting, and part programming 💡 Advanced Illumination System – Includes ring light, coaxial light, and programmable sub-stage lighting 🔧 Motorized Zoom Lens for flexible magnification and measurement precision 🖥️ Real-Time Edge Detection for ultra-precise dimensional analysis 📐 Technical Specifications Measurement Range: X400mm / Y400mm / Z200mm Vision Head Range: 400x400x200mm Size of Stage Glass: 466x480mm Max Stage Loading: 20kg Resolution: 0.1 µm Accuracy (E1): ±(2.5 + 4L/1000) µm Touch Probe Accuracy: (2.4+3L/1000) µm Stage Type: Motorized CNC, granite base Camera: High-resolution digital CCD Lighting System: Multi-source - ring, coaxial, contour Magnification Change System: Zoom optical system with 8 positions Lens System: Motorized zoom Sensor Type: High resolution CMOS colour camera Software: Mitutoyo QVPAK Machine Dimensions: 776x1303x1004mm Weight including Stand: 324kg 🧰 Perfect For Precision component manufacturers Aerospace, automotive, medical device inspection Electronics & PCB measurement R&D and dimensional analysis labs Tool & die makers and high-accuracy workshops 📦 What’s Included Used Mitutoyo QV Active 404 CNC Vision Measuring System Machine Stand Work Station Master Ball Stand MCR Attaching Plate Calibration Ring QVPAK Software Dell Computer Kedpfx Aowqrvljfdedk Wide Screen Monitor Printer Used Mitutoyo QV Active 404 for sale Mitutoyo vision measuring system CNC non-contact measuring machine QVPAK software system Pre-owned Mitutoyo CMM Vision metrology machine UK / EU Mitutoyo Quick Vision Active measuring device Notes: *Specifications are given in good faith but not guaranteed*

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, total height: 2,150 mm, total length: 1,420 mm, total width: 2,010 mm, overall weight: 3,100 kg, grinding spindle speed: 6,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 580 mm, CNC Universal 5-Axis Tool-and Cutter Grinder Kdjdpfx Asy Egl Djfdek CNC Control HMC 400 CNC X-axis movement 400 mm Y-axis movement 250 mm Z-axis movement 580 mm C-axis (table rotation) ± 200° Max diameter grinding wheel Ø 200 mm Spindle speed (grinding) 3000 / 6000 R/Min If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: good (used), mileage: 910,021 km, power: 330 kW (448.67 HP), first registration: 11/2017, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 315 / 70 / R22.5, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 3,850 mm, fuel: diesel, color: red, driver cabin: sleeper cab, gearing type: automatic, number of gears: 12, emission class: euro6, suspension: steel-air, total length: 6,310 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 4,000 mm, permissible axle load (axle 1): 8,000 kg, permissible axle load (axle 2): 11,500 kg, Year of construction: 2017, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, cruise control, differential lock, electric window regulation, fog lights, fridge, parking air conditioner, power mirror, soot filter, spoiler, General information Cab: Bigspace Technical information Number of cylinders: 6 Ksdpfx Aey D T Naefdsdk Engine capacity: 12.809 cc Transmission Transmission: Mercedes-Benz, 12 gears, Automatic Axle configuration Tyre size: 315 / 70 / R22.5 Make axles: Mercedes-Benz Brakes: disc brakes Front axle: Max. axle load: 8000 kg; Steering; Tyre profile left: 30%; Tyre profile right: 30%; Suspension: leaf suspension Rear axle: Double wheels; Differential lock; Max. axle load: 11500 kg; Tyre profile left inner: 30%; Tyre profile left outer: 30%; Tyre profile right outer: 30%; Tyre profile right outer: 30%; Reduction: single reduction; Suspension: air suspension Weights Empty weight: 7.805 kg Carrying capacity: 11.695 kg GVW: 19.500 kg Interior Interior: grey Number of seats: 2 Maintenance APK (MOT): tested until 11/2026 History Number of owners: 1 Condition Technical condition: good Visual appearance: average Number of keys: 2 (2 hand transmitters) Product safety Manufacturer: Kuijpers Trading BV Minosstraat 8 5048CK TILBURG, NL = Additional options and accessories = - 12 volt socket - Aluminium fuel tank - Armrest - Baggage cover - Car kit - Low-noise - Particulate filter - Radio, MP3 enabled - Radio/CD player - Remote central locking - Speed limiter - Stability control - stand airco - Toolbox - Visor - Webasto - Xenon lighting

Year of construction: 2000, condition: used, Aufnahmen Divers K50 Diameter 50 mm Kjdpfxjy Eh Awe Afdjdk +++++ Please note: The machine is dismantled and ready for loading. It is not possible to show it under power or make a video. Our offer includes already the best pictures. So we don’t have and won’t send additional pictures. +++++

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Bore 25 mm number 6 Dimensions (LxWxH) 155 x 140 x 130 mm weight - pallet system 14 kg Two new Toolholder for BMT 65 turret Price for each toolholder 6x Ø 25 mm bore extern and internal coolant Haas ST- line / BMT 65 Ksdpfjy Ehv Rex Afdodk for Dooasan, Haas, Hwacheon

Condition: ready for operation (used), We offer for sale: Injection moulds for the serial production of various clamp stars for formwork systems. Description Coverage mm Bar diameter mm LxWxH mm Cavities 8_10 10 8_10 203x196x298 22 5_15 15 6_8 266x346x296 24 7_15 15 8_10 259x346x296 24 12_15 15 12_14 264x346x396 20 7_20 20 8_10 276x296x396 20 12_20 20 12_14 264x346x396 18 5_25 25 6_8 264x346x396 14 8_25 25 8_10 266x296x396 14 12_25 25 12_14 269x346x396 14 6_30 30 6_8 269x396x346 12 8_30 30 8_10 276x346x346 12 12_30 30 12_14 284x346x346 12 12_35 35 12_14 376x346x396 8 8_40 40 8_10 276x346x296 4 12_40 40 12_14 254x346x296 4 12_50 50 12_14 259x346x396 4 Ksdpfx Afsy Efvnededk

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: 25 30 0000 100 01, For sale is this Deckel S11 tool grinding machine. Comprising: - 1 Deckel S11 universal tool grinding machine, year of manufacture 1988, machine no. 1115, painted green RAL 6011 - 1 dividing head SK40 - 1 thread and clearance grinding attachment - 1 grinding wheel dressing device - 1 machine lamp - 1 dust extraction unit - 1 IPM video measuring system, consisting of color camera, zoom lens with 10–110x magnification, screen with digital readout of travel paths, backlight, incl. software - 1 optoelectronic measuring device, prepared for the video measuring system - 1 set of collets, 20 mm shank, 1–18 mm clamping diameter - 1 set of collets, 10 pcs, 6–25 mm - 1 collet sleeve - 1 tooth rest - 3 grinding wheel safety covers - 1 setting gauge The machine is in limited working condition: - Occasional spindle speed fluctuations Kjdpfx Afoyq Nrisdodk - The precision of the tool holding device should be checked and possibly overhauled

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, Universal coordinate measuring / milling machine Kdodpfx Afswtq Iledsk

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 75385, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, quill stroke: 80 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Placing a bid obligates you to collect within the period from 23.06.2026 to 26.06.2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel X-axis: 600 mm Travel Y-axis: 400 mm Travel Z-axis: 400 mm Spindle speed: 50 - 2,500 rpm Feed rate X/Y/Z-axis: 5 - 1,000 mm/min Rapid traverse X/Z-axis: 4 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 2 m/min Tool holder: ISO 40 Quill stroke of horizontal and vertical working spindle: 80 mm Table dimensions: 730 x 410 mm Number of T-slots: 8 MACHINE DETAILS Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 135 Operating voltage: 380 V Frequency: 50 Hz Connection rating: 10 kW Rated current: 50 A Dimensions & Weight Kjdpfx Ajy D Swiofdsdk Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,300 x 2,100 x 2,200 mm Machine weight: 2,000 kg EQUIPMENT Workshop drawer cabinet with SK 40 holders Clamping devices External reference: 13

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1989, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 1616, travel distance X-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, feed rate X-axis: 450 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, No reserve price - guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Placing a bid commits you to collect the item within the scheduled period between 23.06.2026 and 26.06.2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel X-axis: approx. 300 mm Travel Y-axis: approx. 300 mm Travel Z-axis: approx. 300 mm Spindle speed range: 40 to 2,500 rpm Table dimensions: 600 x 210 mm Number of feeds: 16 Feed rates: 28 to 450 mm/min Number of slots: 4 Tool holder: SK 40 MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,000 x 1,200 x 1,700 mm Machine weight: 1,000 kg EQUIPMENT Mounted vice (jaw width: 110 mm) Set of tool holders Milling cutters Collets Three-axis digital readout (manufacturer: FAGOR) Kdodpfx Asy D Shnjfdok External reference: 10

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, total width: 300 mm, total height: 1,000 mm, total length: 1,000 mm, overall weight: 70 kg, drive type: akkubetrieben, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Placing a bid obligates timely collection between 23/06/2026 and 26/06/2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Type of operation: Battery-powered MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,000 x 300 x 1,000 mm Weight: 70 kg EQUIPMENT Strapping band External reference: 6 Kedpfx Ajy D Sfmsfdodk

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Y5061080272, total width: 500 mm, total length: 600 mm, total height: 600 mm, overall weight: 20 kg, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Placing a bid commits you to timely collection between 23/06/2026 and 26/06/2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Lens diameter: 120 mm Kdjdpfxoy D R D Us Afdek MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 600 x 500 x 600 mm Machine weight: 20 kg External reference: 58

Condition: used, Universal facing and boring head WOHLHAUPTER type UPA 3 Spindle tool, spindle head (suitable for DECKEL) Manuf. No. 40769 Tool holder: MK 4 - S20x2 Tool holder: SK 40 - S20x2 Shaft tool holder: Ø 18 mm Adjustment accuracy: 0.01 mm - with adapter sleeve MK4 to SK40 - Accessories as shown - Storage case Net weight (spindle head only): 2.8 kg Kedsy Ehyiepfx Afdodk Weight with storage case: 6 kg good condition

Condition: excellent (used), - Model: SS064 - Serial number: 4900 Kedpfx Afowxwmfsdsdk - Lowering: manual or semi-automatic control - Belt width: 600 mm - Belt length: 1200 mm - 2 foldable belts - Forward / reverse control - Emergency stop - Mobile on wheels - Voltage: 400V

Condition: excellent (used), - Serial number: A3075005 - Manual or semi-automatic lowering - Belt width 600 mm - Belt length 1200 mm - 2 folding belts - Forward / reverse control - Emergency stop - On mobile wheels Kjdewxwmlepfx Afdsdk - Voltage: 400V

Condition: excellent (used), - Manufacturer: Seewer Rondo - Serial no.: COA491106 Kedpswxwl Ujfx Afdsdk - Dimensions: 1390 x 630 mm - Model: SSO 62 - Year: 2000 - Material: stainless steel cladding - Condition: used, checked, baker's condition - Digital display with membrane keypad - Manual and automatic functionality - Flour shaker - Side belt can be folded - Mobile with brake -Refurbished equipment: the equipment is prepared upon order; collection and return times are agreed at that time (please request price after refurbishment)

Condition: excellent (used), - Brand: SEEWER RONDO - Model: Motostar 3000 SFM859H Ksdpfxswxwl Ie Afdedk - Serial number: B8161306 - Dimensions: 5900x1400x1600 mm - Roller diameter: 146 mm - Roller length: 850 mm - Roller opening: 0.5 – 65 mm - Roller speed: variable, 50–100 m/min. - Roller reduction: motorized, 30 automatic programs - Feed belt speed: 50 to 100% of roller speed - Discharge belt speed: 90 to 100% of roller speed - Guard opening: max. 125 mm - Material: stainless steel - Electric control system - Direction of rotation control - Automatic winder - Year of manufacture: 1998 - Made in Switzerland - Overhauled equipment: the equipment is prepared upon order; pick-up and return times are agreed at that moment (please request the price after overhaul)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1988, feed length X-axis: 1,500 mm, feed length Y-axis: 700 mm, feed length Z-axis: 550 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,066 rpm, table length: 2,000 mm, table width: 460 mm, rotational speed (max.): 2,066 rpm, overall weight: 4,000 kg, Heidenhain visual display, 3 axes feed variator automatic clamping head maximum spindle speed 2066 rpm table 2000x460 mm travels 1500x700x550 mm Kdsdey Dq Efspfx Afdek weight 4000 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Ref. -No.: 10629 Manufacturer: MICHAEL DECKEL Type: S20 Turbo Year of construction: 2004 Type of control: CNC Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany Workpiece Diameter: 250 mm Max. Grinding length: 340 mm Max. Workpiece Weight: 50 kg Grinding wheel diameter (max.): 150 mm Turning Speeds: 8000 RPM Workpiece holder: SK 50 Kodpfsy Ed Sbex Afdjdk Further information: The machine can be viewed while powered up.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1982, functionality: fully functional, Tool milling machine with 3D control, manual handwheels, and a universal table adjustable in three axes. Control: Deckel Dialog Control 4: 3D contouring control, including drilling and milling cycles Monitor, electronic handheld control panel Terminal for program input and output Technical specifications: Travel range X/Y/Z 300 x 220 x 400 mm Speed 31.5 - 3,150 rpm with 21 gear stages Feed rate 4-2,000 mm/min Rapid traverse 4 m/min Drive power 1.6-2.0 kW SK 40 tool holder Hydraulic tool clamping Universal milling table with digital display: Clamping area 600 mm x 320 mm Table load 180 kg C-axis rotation range 360° A-axis tilt range 15°/45° B-axis swivel range +/- 45° Vertical milling head: Manual quill stroke - horizontally 65 mm, vertically 60 mm Additional equipment: Manual machine handwheels with scale Direct travel measurement of the NC axes Kdedpowid Spjfx Afdek Cooling water system Special accessories: Approx. 33 tool holders (without tools) - see photo High-speed milling spindle Machine data: Machine weight approx. 1,380 kg Space requirement including accessories L approx. 2,940 mm, W approx. 1,900 mm, H approx. 1,960 mm Power supply: 380 V, 50 Hz, 12 kVA The machine is in good, fully functional condition. It can be inspected with power and chippings by appointment.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, operating hours: 10,463 h, turning diameter over cross slide: 455 mm, turning length: 1,000 mm, turning diameter: 680 mm, spindle bore: 107 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Gildemeister CTX600E Heidenhain CNC Pilot 3190 control Between centers (TDC): 1000 mm Turning diameter over bed: Ø 680 mm Turning diameter over cross slide: Ø 455 mm X-axis travel: 320 mm Z-axis travel: 1097 mm Turret: 12 positions Driven tools: Yes Tool holder: VDI 50 C-axis: Yes Main spindle power: approx. 30 kW Spindle speed range: 4 – 2800 rpm Spindle bore: Ø 107 mm Max. chuck diameter: 500 mm X-axis feed force: 8 kN Z-axis feed force: 15 kN Rapid traverse X: 24 m/min Rapid traverse Z: 30 m/min Tailstock Quill diameter: 120 mm Quill stroke: 120 mm Taper: MK5 (6) Quill force: 14 kN Dimensions & weight Weight: approx. 9,000 kg Length: 4300 mm Width without guard: 2000 mm Width with guard: 2450 mm Height: 2200 mm Kjdpfxjyl Sa Se Afdedk Note: The information on this page has been obtained and compiled to the best of our knowledge and belief, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, it does not constitute a representation or contract and we recommend verifying all relevant details. Financial information VAT/margin: VAT: The shown price is excluding VAT (VAT deductible for businesses).