Used Okuma Macturn 30 W Osp 7000L for sale (47,551)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, number of axes: 2, This Okuma LVT 300 was manufactured in 2005. It features a stable, precise design with recent upgrades including a new SMW clamping cylinder and chuck in 2020, and a completely overhauled Z-axis with new guideways and spindle. Additional features include an EWAB conveyor for automated parts logistics and extensive tool holders. Consider the opportunity to buy this Okuma LVT 300 vertical turning machine. Contact us for more information. Dodpfx Asynbdrskhowa • 2020: SMW clamping cylinder replaced • 2020: SMW chuck replaced • Z-axis completely overhauled: new guideways, new spindle • Stable, precise Okuma design Additional equipment • EWAB conveyor for automated parts logistics • Original Mayfran chip conveyor (replaced in 2022) • Many jaws included • Extensive tool holders included

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, controller manufacturer: OKUMA, controller model: OSP - P300L, number of axes: 4, This 4-axis Okuma LB 3000 EX MYT was manufactured in 2008, offering advanced capabilities for horizontal turning. Ideal for complex machining tasks, this machine ensures precision and efficiency. Consider the opportunity to buy this Okuma LB 3000 EX MYT horizontal turning machine. Contact us for more information. Additional equipment • Bar Loader: Iemca Master mod. 880 33 P/R • Automatic Presetting: Yes • Gear Machining Software and Tools: Yes • Accessories: Chip Evacuator Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Max. Workable diameter: Ø 400 mm • Max. Workable length: 500 mm • Type: cnc lathe • Condition: used • State: optimal Dwodpeyalp Asfx Akhoa Extra Information Machine still under power

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, travel distance X-axis: 1,450 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,050 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, table load: 600 kg, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, number of axes: 5, This 5s Okuma MU 6300 V L 5 AXIS was manufactured in 2016. It features a generous X-Axis travel of 1,450 mm and Y-Axis travel of 1,050 mm, providing ample workspace for various machining tasks. With a maximum workpiece diameter of 830 mm and a tool magazine capacity of 64 positions, consider the opportunity to buy this Okuma MU 6300 V L vertical machining centre. Contact us for further details. • A-axis rotation: +90° / -120° • C-axis rotation speed: 800 rpm • Distance table–spindle nose: 160–760 mm Dodpfoyia Tlex Akhowa • Rapid feed (all axes): 50 m/min • C-axis table diameter: 630 mm • Max workpiece size (D × H): 830 × 550 mm • Tool magazine: 64 positions (expandable to 166) Technical Specification Taper Size HSK 63

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 11,000 h, functionality: limited functionality, turning length: 1,000 mm, turning diameter: 350 mm, spindle bore: 68 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,800 rpm, overall weight: 6,500 kg, chuck outer diameter: 250 mm, The machine has a crack in the turret housing and in the cross-slide. Although everything is operational, due to this damage it is better suited as a source for spare parts. All attachments, servomotors, coolant pump, control unit, chip conveyor, etc. are in impeccable condition. Dwsdeynf Nfjpfx Akhsa

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 135667, turning diameter: 280 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 210 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 330 mm, controller model: OKUMA OSP-T200L, workpiece length (max.): 200 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! The payment deadline for the machine is 20/11/2025! Placing a bid obligates the buyer to collect the machine between 01/12/2025 and 05/12/2025! TECHNICAL DETAILS Swing diameter over bed: 320 mm Max. turning diameter: 280 mm Max. workpiece length: 200 mm X-axis travel: 210 mm Y-axis travel: 330 mm C-axis travel (indexing): 360° Spindle speed: 40–4,000 rpm Spindle bore: 62 mm Number of tool stations in turret: 12 MACHINE DETAILS Control: OKUMA OSP-T200L Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 5,000 x 1,500 x 2,400 mm Weight: 6,500 kg Dwodpfx Ajxnlh Tekhoa EQUIPMENT Feeder belt Three pallets Note: The tool holders and tools visible in the working area are not included in the scope of delivery or sale. Any oil mist extraction unit or pallets shown on the feeder belt in the photos are also not included in the sale or delivery.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1997, Rip and cross saw REMA DMLK 30 Producer of REMA Machine model / type DMLK 30 Year of production 1997 Machine category Longitudinal and transverse saw Location Gorzów Wlkp. Conditions of delivery PERSONAL COLLECTION Cost of delivery Customer cover Startup type Dwedpfx Ajfv Hphekhea to be agreed Description Comments - after the technical review - very good condition - year of production 1997 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: main engine 3.9 kW trolley length 1370 mm blade diameter 300 mm angle adjustment 0 - 45 " height adjustment cutting height max. 90 mm cutting width on the right side 885 mm ruler length 1350 mm ratchet extended receiving table two kinds of blade rotation speed 3700 and 5000 RPM The protractor visible in the photos is an additional option for PLN 400 net dimensions: length / width / height 135 x 85 x 135 cm weight ~ 320 kg

Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 1,370 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, OKUMA GENOS L-3000 - for powerful cutting and long tool life for all batch sizes thanks to flat guides and heavy turret design TECHNICAL DETAILS turning diameter over bed: 520 mm Machinable turning diameter: 300 mm workpiece length: 450 mm traverse paths X / Z: 235 / 520 mm C axis: 360 / 0.001 ° Control: OKUMA OSP-P300LA-e rapid traverse X / Z: 25 / 30 m/min riveting stroke: 400 mm spindle speed: 38 - 3800 rpm spindle mounting: A2-8 spindle bore: 80 mm diameter spindle bearing: 120 mm tool holder: M-V12 with 12 places tool size: 25 x 25 mm tool diameter: 40 mm Tool speed: 45 - 4500 rpm switch-on time: 5267 h control time: 1919 h Spindle time: 1370 h MACHINE DETAILS Dsdpfx Aont T Afokhowa dimensions L x W x H: 2545 x 1870 x 1791 mm Weight: 5000 kg Spindle power (20 min/continuous): 22 / 15 kW Spindle torque: (20 min/continuous): 412 / 281 Nm Tool power (30 min/continuous): 7.0 / 3.3 kW Tool torque (30 min/continuous): 23.7 / 14.2 Nm

Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 1,256 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2189, OKUMA LB3000EX-II - is particularly suitable for universal turned parts and complete machining of complex workpieces thanks to generous flatbed guides and the high-torque drives ensure high precision and continuous accuracy TECHNICAL DETAILS turning diameter over bed: 580 mm Machinable turning diameter: 340 mm workpiece length: 950 mm traverse X / Z / Y: 230 / 510 / 120 (+70/-50) mm C axis: 360 / 0.001 ° Control: OKUMA OSP-P300LA rapid traverse X / Z / Y: 25 / 30 / 12,5 m/min riveting stroke: 1015 mm spindle speed: 4200 rpm spindle end piece: JIS A2-8 spindle bore: 91 mm diameter spindle bearing: 140 mm tool holder: M-V12 with 12 places tool size: 25 x 25 mm tool diameter: 40 mm tool change time: 0,1 s Tool speed: 45 - 6000 rpm Operating hours: 1.256 h Control on: 1.660 h MACHINE DETAILS dimensions L x W x H: 3420 x 2041 x 2444 mm weight: 6600 kg Supply voltage: 400 V, 3 phases, 50 Hz Power drawn: 38,9 kVA Djdjnt T Auspfx Akhowa Spindle power (30 min/continuous): 30 / 22 kW Spindle torque: (30 min/continuous): 700 / 512 Nm Tool power (25 min/continuous): 7.1 / 4.1 kW Tool torque (25 min/continuous): 40.4 / 23.4 Nm Note: The WTOH hobbing tool holder (see document in the appendix) is not part of the scope of delivery.

Condition: good (used), Servo drive, servo card, output module, CPU card, input processor, power supply, control card, input card, control unit, converter, controller -Manufacturer: Indramat, AC servo controller from CNC machining center Mikron VC500D -Type: TDM 1.2-30-300-W0 -Number: 3x servo controllers available Dodjztplyjpfx Akhewa -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 325/390/H105 mm -Weight: 8.2 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, total length: 3,940 mm, total width: 1,980 mm, total height: 2,010 mm, Empty weight: 7.000 kg Working width: 950mm Working height: 0,5-120mm - Year: 2005 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: - Drive system: CNC - Number of stations [pcs]: 3 - └ Station type 1: Abrasive belt - └ Station type 2: Rotary brush - └ Station type 3: Rotary brush - Power [kW]: 39 - Min. sheet thickness [mm]: 0.5 - Max. sheet thickness [mm]: 120 - Max. working width [mm]: 950 - Transport dimensions: 3940mm x 1980mm x 2010mm (l x w x h) Dwedpfoxwnbusx Akhea - Transport weight [kg]: 7000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 4 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, Machine refurbished by Nodema for packaging products in bundles. The machine has a heat-shrink tunnel attached to the frame for packaging. It can process up to 17 products per minute. The sealing bar is 600mm wide. The film width is up to 800mm. Dwsdpfx Akoy Tuxzohsa This machine has an angled infeed, making it ideal for packaging products such as canned beverages with a tray.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, Available immediately from our location: 5-axis CNC turning and milling center WFL, Voest, Alpine, Steinel Type WFL M 30 – G Year of manufacture 1999 Siemens Sinumerik 840 C Turning length 1050 mm Diameter over slide 440 mm Turning spindle on the right Turning spindle on the left Main drive 37 kW Spindle speeds 10 – 5000 rpm Cross slide Djdpfjzr D Adsx Akhswa Counter spindle housing on the right Cross slide on the right Turning, boring, and milling unit IKZ (internal coolant) 90 bar Tool magazine with 96 positions Disc turret on the right, 2 x 12 positions C-axis on the left and right Hydraulic chuck on the left and right Chip conveyor Weight with accessories 12 tons Price: EUR 38,000.— plus VAT, ex works.

Condition: used, mileage: 113,111 km, power: 118 kW (160.44 HP), first registration: 11/2015, fuel type: diesel, fuel: diesel, color: other, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 2, Year of construction: 2015, Equipment: ABS, electric window regulation, power assisted steering, = Additional options and accessories = - Beacon(s) - Disc brakes - Immobilizer - Radio CD player - Speed limiter = Remarks = Superstructure Construction year: 2008 Mercedes Sprinter 516, 2015, 113000 km, Euro 6, Manual transmission, Versalift ET-30 NE XS = More information = GVW: 5.300 kg Make of bodywork: Versalift ET-30 = Dealer information = Bank data: Rabobank Account: 39.33.10.655 IBAN: NL73RABO0393310655 Swift code: RABONL2U - Always check our bank details before transaction! - Reservation of vehicles is not possible without a deposit. Dodpfszgubysx Akhowa - Writing and text errors are reserved for all vehicles offered.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, Swift Cut 3000 W/T Plasma Cutting Machine, 3000mm x 1500mm Cuttting Bed, Hypertherm Powermax 125 Power Source. S/No. 4500318 (2015). Country of Origin: United Kingdom Dodpfxozn Uuis Akhewa Please Note: Collection from 6th – 20th October 2026, Site will be closed from 10th September – 5th October 2026 Location: These lots are located in Cardiff, Wales, UK. Unfortunately there are no loading facilities on-site, dismantling and loading will be at the cost of the purchaser.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Model: HSD ATC ES929X H6161H2145 Power: S1 – 7.5 kW / S6 – 9 kW Interface: ISO 30 Maximum speed: 24,000 rpm Bearing: Ceramic Cooling: 24V DC electric fan Dwodpozr D Uaofx Akhsa Nose: Long Power supply: 380V Weight: approx. 30 kg Applications: CNC milling machines, machining centers, mass production, woodworking, composites, light metals

Condition: used, empty load weight: 6,740 kg, maximum load weight: 23,260 kg, overall weight: 30,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 01/2019, next inspection (TÜV): 01/2027, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75 R17,5 ---/140J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75 R17,5 ---/140J, rear tire size: 235/75 R17,5 ---/140J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Lashing rings, stake pockets, -- Printing errors, mistakes and changes reserved, sample images -- More data at: !, More details: ! Dedpjzrdnmofx Akhewa

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 30 h, load capacity: 1,500 kg, lifting height: 4,500 mm, free lift: 1,500 mm, load center: 600 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,800 mm, gearing type: automatic, battery capacity: 270 Ah, battery voltage: 24 V, fork carriage width: 815 mm, fork length: 1,010 mm, fork width: 100 mm, fork thickness: 30 mm, ground clearance: 30 mm, tire condition: 100 %, overall weight: 4,200 kg, empty load weight: 2,700 kg, total height: 2,800 mm, total length: 1,950 mm, total width: 1,512 mm, color: yellow, Equipment: pallet forks, 🔍 Looking for a Reliable Forklift? We Are Industry Experts! We specialize in selling high-quality forklifts, offering tested machines in excellent condition. ✅ Check out our offer and find the perfect equipment for your business! 🚜💼 🔥 In this listing, we present: 🚀 COMBILIFT WR-4 - ELECTRIC ⚡ - DUPLEX 4500mm 📏 - Year 2017 🏷️ - ONLY 30 MTH ⏳ - FREE LIFT 🎯 - CONDITION 5/5 🌟 - LIKE NEW! 🏆 This forklift is in excellent technical condition, ready for immediate use. ⚙️🔧 📌 Key Features and Technical Data: 📍 Model: COMBILIFT WR-4 📍 Year of manufacture: 2017 🏗️ 📍 Lifting capacity: 1500 kg 🏋️‍♂️ 📍 Operating hours: 30 MTH ⏱️ 📍 Mast type: Duplex 🚜 📍 Lifting height: 4500 mm 📏 📍 Drive type: Electric ⚡ 📍 Load center: 600 mm 🎯 Dwsdpfoztkcyjx Akhja 📍 Total weight: 2700 kg ⚖️ 📍 Tires: Solid, like new 🛞🔄 📍 Overall height (collapsed mast): 2800 mm 📐 📍 Technical condition: Fault-free, after a service inspection 🛠️ 📍 Visual condition: Very good 👌 📍 Fork length: 1010 mm 🔩 📍 Free lift: 1500 mm 📈 📍 Overall height: 2800 mm 📊 📍 Total length: 1950 mm 📏 📍 Total width: 1290 mm 📐 📍 Positioner width: 815 mm 🔧 🎯 Equipment Included: 🔋 Battery 🦾 Pallet forks This forklift is the perfect solution for industries that require efficient handling of long loads in narrow spaces, such as the wood 🪵, steel 🏗️, or pipe 🏭 industry. Thanks to its multi-directional movement function 🔄, the forklift ensures easy maneuverability and optimal warehouse space utilization 📦🚛. 🚀 Additional Features: ✔ Integrated multi-directional steering system 🔄 ✔ Comfortable operator cabin 🛋️ ✔ High reliability in intensive use 🔝 ✔ Suitable for both outdoor 🌞 and indoor 🏠 warehouse operations 🛠️ Condition: ✅ Fully functional ✅ Regularly serviced ✅ Ready for immediate work! 🚛💨 📦 We offer transport across Europe 🌍 and provide a FREE initial inspection 🆓! 💰 Pricing & Formalities: 💳 We provide full support for financing options, including quick leasing and credit approvals 💰, even for new businesses 🚀 or companies in challenging financial situations. ✔ Leasing decision in just 2 hours! ⏳ ✔ EUR/PLN invoicing available 💶 ✔ Leasing financing & start-up program for new businesses 🚀 ✔ We are an authorized supplier for most leasing companies 🏦 ⚡ FAST / SIMPLE / AFFORDABLE FINANCING 💼

Year of construction: 1992, condition: ready for operation (used), An Ishida 14-head multihead weigher is available. Hopper volume: 3l, weighing range: 25g-1000g, max. volume for weighing: 4.5l/single dump, resolution: 0.2g, max. throughput: 90weighments/min, machine diameter: approx. 1360mm, height: approx. 1850mm, weight: approx. 500kg. An on-site inspection is possible. Dwsdpfxjzq Edao Akhea

Condition: used, mileage: 278,000 km, power: 103 kW (140.04 HP), first registration: 09/2017, fuel type: diesel, fuel: diesel, color: other, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, Year of construction: 2017, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - Immobilizer - Radio - Schuifdeur rechts = Remarks = Mercedes Sprinter 314, 2017, 278,000 km Euro 6, Manual transmission, Versalift ETL-32-130, 12.8 meters working height = More information = GVW: 3.500 kg Make of bodywork: Versalift = Dealer information = Bank data: Rabobank Account: 39.33.10.655 IBAN: NL73RABO0393310655 Swift code: RABONL2U Dsdpfx Akjzgub Hshewa - Always check our bank details before transaction! - Reservation of vehicles is not possible without a deposit. - Writing and text errors are reserved for all vehicles offered.

Condition: used, New: No Dedpszn Iafsfx Akhewa Width: 250 cm Attachment suited for: Excavators

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 37,840 kg, overall weight: 43,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 07/2013, total width: 2,500 mm, total height: 1,650 mm, Year of construction: 2013, Equipment: ABS, BROSHUIS MFCC – 1 x 40’ – 1 x 30’ – 2 x 20’ – LIFT – BPW – ----VEHICLE HISTORY 1st HAND GERMAN VEHICLE Dwodpfezn Eknsx Akhoa VIDEO AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST ----Broshuis Interchangeable Chassis 40 ft – German Vehicle * Well-maintained condition * Video available upon request Superstructure* Interchangeable chassis / Container chassis * 3-axle * BPW axles * Disc brakes * Air suspension * Lift axle * ABS * Underride protection Suitable for* 2 x 20 ft containers * 1 x 30 ft container * 1 x 40 ft container Tires* Tire size: 385/65 R22.5 Condition* Immediately ready for use * Well-maintained overall condition ----* EXPORT SALES ONLY WITH DEPOSIT MIN. 500 € - 2000 € * EXPORT SALES ONLY WITH DEPOSIT MIN. 500 € - 2000 € ----EXPORT REGISTRATION CUSTOMS EXW IN 10 MINUTES (AUTHORIZED EXPORTER) 5 DAYS, 30 DAYS LICENSE PLATES, AND 17 - 21 DAYS AUSTRIA LICENSE PLATES EURO 1 VEHICLE RESERVATIONS SHOULD ONLY BE MADE VIA THE E-MAIL FUNCTION VERBAL RESERVATIONS ARE NOT VALID! For sales to EU and non-EU countries, a deposit of at least 500.00 € / 1,000.00 € will be charged. Subject to change, errors and prior sale! You can find more vehicles on our homepage: Sales are made exclusively according to our general terms and conditions – see homepage. Important note – Important information: Despite careful checking of all details in our offer, errors may occur. Some of these are caused by transmission errors in the systems of the various platform providers. Therefore, we would like to point out that all information is provided without guarantee and does not constitute a legal claim. Legal: This sales advertisement does not constitute an offer in the sense of § 145 BGB. Rather, it provides information for the initiation of a contract. The information provided here is without guarantee and therefore does not constitute guaranteed characteristics.

Condition: used, SMA Sunny Tripower STP 25000TL-30 Solar Inverter, 25 kW Available quantity: 11 units Manufacturer: SMA Solar Technology AG Model: Sunny Tripower STP 25000TL-30 Device type: Solar inverter Condition: used Year of manufacture: 2016 Rated AC power: 25,000 W Apparent power: 25,000 VA Dwodpfszn Aytox Akhja DC maximum voltage: 1,000 V MPPT voltage range: 390–800 V Max. DC input current: 33 A / 33 A Max. PV short-circuit current: 43 A / 43 A AC rated voltage: 380 / 400 / 415 V (3~) Grid frequency: 50 / 60 Hz Max. AC output current: 36.2 A Degree of protection: IP65 Protection class: I Surge voltage category: III Weight: max. 61 kg

Condition: used, mileage: 446,000 km, power: 324 kW (440.52 HP), first registration: 06/2007, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 11,800 kg, maximum load weight: 14,200 kg, overall weight: 26,000 kg, tire size: 315/80R22.5, axle configuration: 6x2, wheelbase: 4,200 mm, brakes: engine braking, color: white, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro4, suspension: steel-air, number of seats: 2, loading space volume: 30 m³, Equipment: ABS, cabin, compressor, differential lock, navigation system, onboard computer, Vehicle location: Bovenden, aluminum body, metal cabin, 1 comfort seat, electric mirrors, heated mirrors, electric window (left), electric window (right), air conditioning, sun visor, radio/CD player, navigation system, ABS (anti-lock braking system), auxiliary drive, raised exhaust, automatic transmission, lifting and lowering mechanism, differential lock, storage compartment, leaf and air suspension, last axle can be lifted and steered, aluminum rims, compressor system, walkway, green environmental badge. Dsdpfx Akezmivlohewa Wheelbase: 4200 mm, body: 30 cbm FFB silo body, 4 dome lids, weighing system, RTI compressor, with weighing system, trailer cross member available, disc brakes on front and rear axles. ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT GUARANTEE, subject to change, prior sale, and errors!

Condition: good (used), Metal bellows coupling, claw coupling, connecting coupling, torsionally flexible coupling, shaft coupling -Coupling: torsionally flexible shaft coupling for splined shaft -Shaft: Ø 28 mm -Toothed shaft: Ø 30/27 mm, dimensions see photos Dwodpfszld Nkex Akhsa -Number: 2x couplings available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: Ø 115 x 150 mm -Weight: 4.4 kg/piece

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, type of input current: AC, laser power: 30 W, type of cooling: air, total width: 400 mm, total height: 690 mm, total length: 600 mm, overall weight: 45 kg, height adjustment type: electric, scan area length: 110 mm, scan area width: 110 mm, space requirement height: 900 mm, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, ambient temperature (min.): 15 °C, ambient temperature (max.): 35 °C, input frequency: 50 Hz, laser type: fiber laser, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge - Fiber laser 30 Watt (Optional: 20 Watt, 50 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm Djdpey I Nbmjfx Akhowa - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with anti-trap protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials