Used Buck Tbfz 1600 Cnc for sale (11,575)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, Niles N 40 MC - 6000 Turning/Milling Center, year of manufacture 2019, Siemens SI 840 D SL control, X/Z 850/6820 mm, Y axis -200 / +400 mm, B axis 0.001°, B axis swivel range -105° / +95°, tool changer with 192 positions, C axis main spindle 0.001°, spindle speed up to 1750 rpm, 2 gear stages, max. workpiece weight between chuck and tailstock 6,000 kg, drive power 87 kW, HSK 100 interface, steady rest 70 - 425 mm, tailstock. Pjdpfxjz Dgw Ss Amxorb

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, Doosan MX 2500 LST Pjdpfx Aezzxv Romxerb Year: 2007 Fanuc 18iT-B Includes tooling Capacity Turning length mm: 1,520 Swing diameter mm: ø 540 Swing over bed mm: ø 750 Swing over cross-slide mm: 600 Bar work capacity mm: 76 Turn-mill spindle X-axis travel mm: 555 Y-axis travel mm: 160 (+-80) Z-axis travel mm: 1,595 B-axis degree: 240º (+-120º) Tool system: Capto C6 Tool storage capacity: 40 Spindle speed rpm: 10,000 Lower turret X-axis travel mm: 185 Z-axis travel mm: 1,640 Number of tool slots: 12 Speed of driven tools RPM: 4,000 Main spindle Spindle speed rpm: 3,500 Counter spindle Spindle speed rpm: 3,500 Counter spindle travel mm: 1,565 Coolant system Tank capacity liters: 500 High-pressure bar: 70

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, rotor diameter: 1,000 mm, rotor width: 1,600 mm, Cutting mill, heavy-duty version Manufacturer: NEUE HERBOLD, D-74889 Sinsheim Drive: 160 kW Psdpfx Ajz Atqljmxorb Hopper: Conveyor belt hopper with forced feed via screw conveyor Working width: 1600 mm Rotor diameter: 1000 mm New machine, in stock.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, turning length: 225 mm, turning diameter: 260 mm, travel distance X-axis: 170 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 335 mm, There are 2 more machines of the same design with identical equipment. Machine type: CNC lathe Manufacturer: Hwacheon Type: Cutex-160A MC Year of construction: 11/2011 Control: Fanuc 0i-TD Country of origin: Korea Delivery time: ex-stock >>Powered tools >>Turning and milling spindle >>Including tailstock >>Including bar loader magazine >>High productivity Psdpfxsz Azxws Amxsrb This CNC lathe is in good condition. Thanks to the basic and additional equipment, the machine has short indexing times for the turret and a high rapid traverse speed. The 3-axis machining and the additional turning and milling spindle allow workpieces to be processed in a versatile and efficient manner. The additional tailstock and the associated short bar loader magazine increase the productivity of the manufacturing process. An economically effective used machine for series production. Machine equipment Chip conveyor for side mounting and chip bucket Short bar loader magazine Interface for bar feeding device Workpiece collection tray (parts catcher) Turning and milling spindle Confirmation switch for chuck (open/close) C-axis indexing Powered tools Tailstock, adjustable Linear guides Technical data Performance Swinging diameter over bed: 550 mm Max. turning diameter: 260 mm Max. turning length: 225 mm Chuck size: 6" Spindle Spindle nose (ASA): A2-5 Max. spindle speed: 6000 rpm Spindle bore Ø: 56 mm Max. bar diameter: 45 mm Spindle motor: 15/7.5 kW Turret Turret number of stations: 12 positions Turret indexing time (s/stations): 0.15 Feed rates Rapid traverse X-axis: 36 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 36 m/min Max. travel X-axis: 170 mm Max. travel Z-axis: 335 mm Feed motor X/Z: 3.0/1.8 kW Tailstock Arbor diameter: 60 mm Arbor stroke: 80 mm Taper bore/tailstock mounting: 4 MK Turning-milling spindle Spindle motor 3.7/2.2 kW Max. spindle speed: 5000 rpm Bar loader magazine Manufacturer: Fedek Machine Co. Type: DH-65 Min./max. bar length: 280/1200 mm Bar diameter: 5-65 mm Dimensions L x W x H: approx. 1620 x 620 (1200) x 1400 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, machine/vehicle number: 154021, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, feed length X-axis: 580 mm, feed length Y-axis: 230 mm, feed length Z-axis: 1,137 mm, overall weight: 10,300 kg, The MAZAK Integrex 400 SY is a high-performance CNC turning and milling center designed for complete machining of complex workpieces in a single setup. By combining turning and milling operations and featuring an integrated sub-spindle, this machine is particularly suited for demanding manufacturing tasks in mechanical engineering, aerospace, and the automotive industry. Manufactured in 2001, this machine is equipped with the proven MAZATROL 340T control system, providing convenient and efficient programming. Technical Data Overview: The travel ranges are 580 mm on the X-axis, 230 mm on the Y-axis (±115 mm), and 1,137 mm on the Z-axis. The B-axis offers a swiveling range of 225°, allowing flexible 5-sided machining. The C-axis (main and sub-spindle) operates with a high positioning accuracy of 0.001°. The maximum turning diameter is 610 mm, and the maximum swing diameter is 760 mm. The main spindle reaches speeds up to 3,000 rpm with approximately 30 kW of power. Additionally, the machine is equipped with a sub-spindle (note: currently defective according to auction information). The integrated milling spindle achieves up to 10,000 rpm with approximately 15 kW of power. Predpfxjyiryaj Amxjb A 40-position tool changer and KM63 tool holder (alternatively Capto C6) enable versatile and flexible tooling options. Equipment: Included features: • Chip conveyor • Hydraulic unit • Electrical cabinet With a machine weight of approximately 10,300 kg, the Integrex 400 SY stands for high stability, precision, and performance in complete machining operations. You are in the best hands with us—professional, reliable, and passionate about machines! PS CNC Service Germany GmbH & Co. KG All information is provided without guarantee.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 153833, turning diameter: 610 mm, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 580 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 210 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,095 mm, overall weight: 9,500 kg, The MAZAK Integrex 300 Y is a high-performance CNC turning and milling center designed for complete machining of demanding workpieces in a single setup. By combining turning and milling operations, as well as featuring integrated Y- and B-axes, this machine is ideal for complex geometries and multi-face machining. The machine was manufactured in 2001 and is equipped with the advanced MAZATROL 640MT control system. This controller supports both conversational and ISO programming, ensuring flexible and efficient production. Key technical data: Travel ranges: 580 mm on the X-axis, 210 mm on the Y-axis (±105 mm), and 1,095 mm on the Z-axis. The B-axis offers a swiveling range of 225°, enabling versatile 5-face machining. The main spindle's C-axis features a high positioning accuracy of 0.001°. The maximum turning diameter is 610 mm, with a maximum swing diameter of 610 mm as well. Predsyir E Nspfx Amxob The main spindle reaches speeds of up to 3,500 rpm, making it suitable for powerful turning operations. The integrated milling spindle operates at speeds up to 10,000 rpm and allows for precise milling, drilling, and threading tasks. A tool changer with 40 stations and KM63 tool interface offers high flexibility in tool selection and reduces setup times. Additionally, the machine is equipped with a tailstock, which supports the machining of longer workpieces and ensures added stability. With a machine weight of approximately 9,500 kg, the Integrex 300 Y offers a robust construction and high precision—ideal for use in mechanical engineering, the energy sector, as well as the automotive and supplier industries. With us, you are in the best hands—professional, reliable, and passionate about machines! PS CNC Service Germany GmbH & Co. KG All information subject to change.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, Technical details: turning diameter: 200 mm turning length: 600 mm capacity X-axis: 190 mm capacity Z-axis: 555 mm double spindle units: spindle distance: 800 mm spindle drive: Links (40/100%ED): 18/14 kW spindle turning speed range: 31-6300 U/min spindle drive: Rechts (40/100%ED): 18/14 kW Pedpfx Ajz A Andsmxerb spindle turning speed range: 31-6300 U/min speeds of tool: 2x12 Werkzeuge: 7/5 KW, 40-4200 U/min dimensions of the machine ca.: 5,032 x 3,048 x 2,445 m weight of the machine ca.: 6500 Kg Gildemeister MF Twin 65-II lathe with loading automation. This machine is suitable as a counter spindle machine for 4-axis machining on the main and counter spindles, complete machining (turning, drilling, milling, Y-axis, B-axis) of bar and shaft parts. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Fully automatic bandsaw Müller HBA 260 CNC (Dais + Partner) with minimal feed system and roller conveyor. Predsz Afgfepfx Amxjb

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter: 310 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,200 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 60 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 210 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, For sale is a powerful and precise CNC lathe EMCO TURN 365 / E65, manufactured in 2007. The machine is equipped with a Siemens control system, powered tools on all 12 stations, a C-axis, a tailstock, and a matching EMCO COMPACT LOAD E65 short bar loader. The machine is in well-maintained condition and is ready for immediate use. Technical data: Manufacturer: EMCO MAIER Machine operating hours: 17,842 h Production operating hours: 3,369 h Model: EMCOTURN 365 / E65 Year of manufacture: 2007 Prsdpfxsz Aknhe Amxeb Control system: SIEMENS Working area & travels: Travel X: 210 mm Travel Z: 610 mm C-axis: 360° (resolution 0.001°) Max. turning length (part length): 520 mm Max. turning diameter: ø 310 mm Diameter over bed: ø 600 mm Max. bar diameter: ø 65 mm Main spindle: Speed range: 60 – 4,200 min⁻¹ Drive power (100% / 60% ED): 15 / 18 kW Max. torque: 192 Nm Spindle connection: KK 6 (DIN 55026) Tool turret: Type: 12-position VDI 30 axial turret Powered tools: Yes, on all 12 stations (for milling & drilling) Accessories & equipment: Automation: Short bar loader EMCO COMPACT LOAD E65 Tailstock: Hydraulically operated (500 mm travel, MK4) Chip conveyor: Included Measuring arm: Tool setting measuring arm directly in the working area Part catcher, storage at chip conveyor Upon request, transport and loading can be arranged throughout Europe for an additional fee. Prices plus VAT. Inspection is possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to assist you. Trade-in or exchange is possible! Machine buying/selling BUYING / SELLING PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MORE. Do you need a high-quality, yet affordable metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours? For more information or contact options, please visit our website.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, Center distance (mm) 450 Turning diameter (mm) 500 Turning length (mm) 300 Turning diameter (mm) 200 Bar passage (mm) 52 Spindle speed (rpm) 6000 Spindle power (kW) 15-20 Travel in X-axis (mm) 190 Travel in Z-axis (mm) 335 Rapid traverse rate (m/min) 30 Pjdpfez At Abjx Amxjrb Tool positions 12 Tool holder VDI30 Number of turrets 1 Number of driven tools 12 Weight (kg) 3800 Dimensions (L×W×H) (mm) 4260 x 1710 x 1820 Spindle hours (h) 20000 Manufacturer DMG Year of manufacture 2012 Control system Siemens 840D sl with ShopTurn

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1989, turning diameter over cross slide: 340 mm, turning length: 560 mm, turning diameter: 560 mm, spindle bore: 63 mm, overall weight: 5,500 kg, Fanuc OT Length capacity: 560 mm Diameter over slide: 340 mm, turning diameter: 560 mm Turret: 10 stations Spindle: 11 kW Chip conveyor Pedpfx Amjzbam Eexsrb

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, Used CNC lathe Manufacturer: Böhringer Model: NG 180 Year of manufacture: 2004 Podpfx Amoz Ant Uexorb Equipment: includes steady rest

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, Used CNC turning machine Manufacturer: Böhringer Prjdpfx Amjz Anv Nexeb Type: VDF 250 Cm Year of manufacture: 1997 with accessories.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, CMZ lathe 2 axes (X, Z) TL 15 model Year 2012 Fanuc Series 32i-Model B CNC Chip conveyor ✅ Prodoz Alp Tspfx Amxob Hydraulic steady rest ✅

Year of construction: 2022, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, We offer this like-new LIYU IECHO TK4s cutting plotter / CNC milling machine, manufactured in 2022. Predey Tk R Hopfx Amxsb Manufacturer: LIYU IECHO Model: TK4s Year of Manufacture: 2022 Condition: Like new Machine Type: Cutting Plotter / CNC Milling Machine PLATINUM Q-CUT 3532 flatbed cutter with camera + 1.8 kW milling module Includes software, monitor, and PC. Used very little and in excellent condition. Working area of 3500 x 3200 mm Equipped with an automatic camera positioning system (CCD), regional vacuum system, AKI system for precise knife depth adjustment, and 2 motors on the X-axis for high accuracy and clean cutting results. Material thickness up to 45 mm Max. cutting speed 1500 mm/s Cutting accuracy ± 0.1 mm Formats: PLT, DXF, HPGL, PDF, EPS Vacuum pump: 7.5 kW 6-zone control system Two cutting heads, safety device, automatic tool adjustment Tools / Applications Kiss-cut, UCT, EOT, EOT3, PRT, DRT, V-CUT, CTT, 1.8 kW router, punching tool. Suitable for cardboard, DiBond, Forex, MDF, wood, acrylic, Plexiglas, vinyl, and many other materials. Cutting area: 3500 mm x 3200 mm Tools: Electric oscillating tool, tangent knife, creasing tool, kiss-cut tool, powerful rotary tool Camera System AKI System Cutting accuracy: 0.1 mm Power supply: 220 V 50 Hz / 380 V 50 Hz Automatic camera positioning system Disassembly, reassembly, and transport costs are additional. A quote for disassembly, reassembly, and training is available from the manufacturer! If the distance is considerable, an inspection can also be carried out via live video. All information is provided without guarantee. Subject to change, errors and omissions. If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Machine No. 78, control system, manufacturer Boschert, tool quick-change system, manufacturer Trumpf, punching force: 3 x 280 kN, station 1 Trumpf system tool size 3 (105 mm) with spray device, station 2 Trumpf system tool size 3 (105 mm), freely indexable rotation, station 3 Trumpf system tool/Boschert Revotool size 3 (105 mm), including Revotool 8-position tool holder, travel distances X – 3,000 mm (adjustable up to 9,999 mm), Y – 1,580 mm, punching arm overhang 1,730 mm, sheet thickness max.: 6 mm (clamp opening), stroke height max.: 90 mm, programmable in increments upwards and downwards, punching slug extraction, ball bearings in the machine table Table width left + right: 3,200 mm each, table depth: 2,810 mm, table height: 900 mm, overall width: 6,482 mm, overall depth: 4,600 mm, overall height: 2,110 mm; with workshop cart, manufacturer KS Tools, 7 drawers, contents: various hand tools. Psdpjz Dv Tvefx Amxorb

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 5,423 h, turning length: 510 mm, turning diameter: 356 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 590 mm, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, total height: 2,230 mm, total length: 3,495 mm, total width: 2,050 mm, overall weight: 5,800 kg, CNC controller: Mitsubishi M-720BM (MAPPS 2) Capacity X-axis travel mm: 260 Z-axis travel mm: 520 C-axis: 360º (0.001°) Turning length mm: 515 Max. turning diameter mm: ø: Ø356 Upper turret Tool holder: 12 Main spindle Speed spindle rpm: 5000 Drive power spindle kW: 15/11 Spindle bore mm: 73 Manufacturer: KITAGAWA Counter spindle Counter spindle travel mm: 525 Equipment Chip conveyor Podpfx Amoui Ndbjxjrb Signal lamp Tool measuring arm Workarea light Working time hours Under power: 7.456 Cutting Time: 5.423 Basic machine dimensions / weight Length mm: 3.495 Width mm: 2.050 Height mm: 2.230 Weight kg: 5.800

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, DOOSAN PUMA 2600S – CNC turning center with subspindle, FANUC, year 2012 We offer for sale a DOOSAN PUMA 2600S CNC turning center with subspindle, equipped with a reliable DOOSAN-FANUC i Series control system. The machine is in operation and can be demonstrated and tested upon request. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Doosan Infracore Model: PUMA 2600S Year of manufacture: 09/2012 Serial number: ML0218-000034 CNC control: DOOSAN-FANUC i Series Configuration: main spindle + subspindle Max. turning diameter: approx. 376 mm Max. turning length: approx. 760 mm Main spindle chuck: approx. 10" Bar capacity through main spindle: approx. 76 mm Max. main spindle speed: approx. 3,500 rpm Main spindle power: approx. 18.5 / 22 kW Prodpfx Amez Dq Injxob X-axis travel: approx. 260 mm Z-axis travel: approx. 830 mm Turret: 12 positions Automatic subspindle for complete part machining Chip conveyor Rated machine power: 40.7 kVA Power supply: 200/220 V, 3 phases, 50/60 Hz Machine weight: 5,400 kg Robust CNC turning center suitable for both series and single-piece production. Thanks to the subspindle, it enables machining of the part from both sides without the need for manual switching between individual operations. The machine is currently powered on and can be demonstrated in operation.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, total length: 5,650 mm, total width: 1,600 mm, total height: 2,520 mm, overall weight: 1,500 kg, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 400 V, vertical glass wasching machine 1600 mm OPEN TOP working direction : from LEFT to RIGHT min. glass size : 350 x H100 mm Prjdjz Dt Rfjpfx Amxjb max. glass weight : 200 Kg in- en outlet conveyor size : 2000 mm working height : 550 mm glass thikness : 3 - 15 mm number of brushes : 4 brushes diameter : 120 mm speed : 0,5 - 5 m/min . total power : 7 kw machine body in stainless steel

Condition: excellent (used), Siemens PCU CNC Computer Control Unit Model 6 FC5210-0DA20-0AA0 MMC 102 Stock Number 1082121 Prodpfxofuv T As Amxsb

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 018.0402, gear diameter: 300 mm, controller model: Optronic CNC D140, workpiece width (max.): 2,300 mm, workpiece height (max.): 500 mm, center height: 250 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Gear diameter: 300 mm Module range: 0.5–8 mm Pressure angle: 35° Max. workpiece width: 2,300 mm Max. workpiece height: 500 mm Max. workpiece weight: 100 kg Center height: 250 mm Table length: 2,300 mm Grinding spindle travel: 200 mm Prsdpfx Amozzba Sjxjb MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Optronic CNC D140 Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 5,900 x 1,300 x 2,000 mm Net weight: 7,500 kg Shipping packages: 5 units

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), 10 retaining rings Load capacity: 5 tons. Prodpfsccttbox Amxob More available.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, Machine is in the exhibition and was only used for demonstration purposes. Optiturn S400 HSC CNC Premium CNC lathe direct from the manufacturer. S400 HSC - The OPTIMUM Premium CNC milling machine with Siemens control SINUMERIK 828D is characterized by performance, speed, precision and long service life. Heavy-duty design - Compact design - .SIEMENS servomotors in all axes - Renishaw measuring arm for tool measurement - All servomotors with integrated encoder for maximum accuracy - Main spindle designed as motor spindle - 45° inclined bed design for particularly large machining diameters and unhindered chip flow into the chip flow into the chip tray - Hydraulic three-jaw lathe chuck Ø 170 mm with soft jaws - Servo tool changer VDI 30 with 12 tool positions - Hardened and precision-ground ball screws for high rapid traverse speeds in all axes axes - Faster tool change speed - High hydraulic clamping force - Heavy-duty cutting without vibration, to realize machining automation and high efficiency in extreme cases - Dimensionally stable linear guides ensure a long service life thanks to maximum static and dynamic rigidity rigidity - Device for manual tool measurement - Heat exchanger - Portable, electronic handwheel with enabling switch and emergency stop switch makes it much easier to run in programs. programs considerably - Belt-type chip conveyor ensures efficient chip removal - Work light for complete illumination of the work area - Coolant device with cleaning gun - RJ45 and power interface - EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) - Additional package SIEMENS material liability for defects and free online/on-site service OSS Plus see "Additional package SIEMENS OSS Plus" on page 117 - 1 year maintenance contract Basic included Machine data Electrical connection 400 V / 3 Ph ~50 Hz Total connected load 25 kVA Spindle Drive motor S1 operation 11.6 kW Torque drive motor S1 operation 65 Nm Prjdpfx Asymlhremxsb Drive motor S6-30% operation 14.4 kW Torque drive motor S6-30% operation 81 Nm Spindle holder A2-5 Spindle bore Ø 56 mm Chuck opening Ø 45 mm Hydraulic lathe chuck Ø 170 mm Coolant system Coolant pump power 700 W Tank capacity 160 liters Hydraulic system Hydraulic pump output 1.5 kW Tank capacity 36 liters Machine data Turning Ø max. 220 mm Turning length 320 mm Rotation Ø over cross slide 300 mm Rotation Ø over machine bed 500 mm Inclined bed 45° Speed range Spindle speeds* 30 - 6,000 min-1 Tool changer Type Servo VDI 30 Number of tool positions 12 Accuracy Repeat accuracy ± 0.004 mm Positioning accuracy ± 0.004 mm Travel distance X-axis 180 mm Z-axis 350 mm Feed force Dynamic X-axis 3.6 kN Z-axis 3.6 kN Feed speed X-axis / Z-axis 30 m/min. Motor torque X-axis / Z-axis 6 Nm Dimensions Length x width x height 2,000 x 2,250 x 1,550 mm Total weight 2,600 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1989, I am selling a CNC lathe Mazak QuickTurn 20N. Lathe in bdb condition. Equipment: MAZATROL T-2, control MAZATROL CAM-T-2. Podpfx Aju U R E Ajmxerb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, Technical details: cutting diameter: 300 mm saw band length: 3200 mm saw band width: 25 mm dimensions of saw-band: 3660 x 25 x 0,9 mm electrical connection: 400/50 V / Hz. total power requirement: 1,1 kW work height max.: 650 mm machine weight approx.: 960 kg cutting speed: 15 - 95 m/min dimension machine approx.LxWxH: 2,2 x 2,0 x 1,3 m Prjdpfxezp Iu Ss Amxeb The Klaeger & Müller HBA 300 G CNC is a robust, hydraulically operated CNC horizontal band saw designed for precise and economical cutting of solid materials, tubes, and profiles made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and non-ferrous metals. Thanks to its CNC control system, it enables the automatic processing of production batches with high repeatability and productivity. The machine is equipped with a hydraulic material feed, automatic saw feed, and infinitely variable blade speed adjustment, allowing optimal machining of a wide variety of materials. Its rigid machine construction ensures smooth, low-vibration operation, excellent cutting quality, and extended saw blade life. In addition, the band saw is fitted with a coolant system that improves blade life and ensures clean, accurate cutting surfaces. The Klaeger & Müller HBA 300 G CNC is particularly suitable for industrial applications in metal fabrication shops, steel construction, toolmaking, mechanical engineering, and serial production. *