Used Citizen L32-1M10 for sale (177)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 8,300 h, functionality: fully functional, spindle speed (max.): 6,400 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 32 mm, controller model: TX 8 i-p, workpiece length (max.): 245 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Main Spindle Max. bar capacity: 32 mm Max. workpiece length (swiss turning): 245 mm Max. workpiece length (short turning): 125 mm Max. spindle speed: 6,400 rpm Sub Spindle Max. bar capacity: 32 mm Max. clamping length for workpiece: 250 mm Max. spindle speed: 6,000 rpm Upper Turret Number of stations: 10 All driven Max. speed: 12,000 rpm Lower Turret Number of stations: 9 All driven Max. speed: 12,000 rpm Backworking Unit Number of stations: 8 Driven stations: 3 (T12, T13, and T14) Speed T12 & T14: 12,000 rpm Speed T13: 4,000 rpm Nlodpfjyn Imyox Aa Isc MACHINE DETAILS Spindle hours: 8,300 hours Control system: TX 8 i-p EQUIPMENT Parts conveyor Chip conveyor Coolant pump 20 bar IFS oil mist separator Bar feeder FMB turbo 3-36

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 55,000 h, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, overall weight: 7,000 kg, controller manufacturer: TRAUB, controller model: TX8i-s, number of axes: 7, This 7-axis TRAUB TNL 32-7 horizontal turning machine was manufactured in 2013. Ideal for precision turning operations, it offers robust performance and reliability. Consider the opportunity to buy this TRAUB TNL 32-7 horizontal turning machine. Contact us for more information. Additional equipment • Coolant pump 3 bar / Coolant pump 8 bar Nedsyrd H Depfx Aa Islc • Swarf conveyor, hinged belt type H=1000 mm • Linear encoder X-axis for revolver top/bottom • Fabric filtration for coolant: grade of filtration ca. 30-40 µm • High-pressure coolant pump 20 bar • CO2 fire fight system Kraft & Bauer Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Max bar diameter: 32 mm • Spindle stock stroke: 305 mm • Auto bar loader: fmb lsk38-3200, max. Bar length 3200 mm • Top revolver: x/y/z/h-axis, 10 tools dual drive • Bottom revolver: x/y/z/h-axis, 9 tools same drive; counter spindle independent drive • Conveyor belt for finished parts with gripper • Machine worked only with cutting oil

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2014, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, number of axes: 9, This 9-axis TRAUB TNL 32 swiss type turning machine was manufactured in 2014. It features a TX8i-s control with a 64-bit RISC CNC/PLC processor, color TFT display, and electronic handwheel. The main spindle supports a 32 mm bore, and the machine includes a sub-spindle with a C-axis. It offers a dual-driven upper tool turret and a lower turret with nine tool holders. Consider the opportunity to buy this TRAUB TNL 32 swiss type turning machine. Contact us for more information. • Control: TRAUB TX8i-s CNC/PLC with 64-bit RISC processor and fiber-optic PC; color TFT flat-panel display; electronic handwheel • Software/extensions included: Polyform (C-axis programming), Helical (3D Y-axis interpolation), tapping without compensating chuck, parting tool breakage monitoring, parting tool ejection monitoring, axis shutdown, T-ATC • Main spindle: Motor spindle with hollow clamping system; 32 mm bore/bar capacity; C-axis max speed 8,000 rpm • Max stroke: 305 mm (L version) / 127 mm (K version) • Sub-spindle: Partial hollow clamping, C-axis; cleaning unit mounted on lower tool turret • Upper tool turret: X/Y/Z/H/B axes; 10 tool holders; dual drive • Lower tool turret: X/Y/Z/H axes; 9 tool holders; combined drive; separate counter-spindle operation • Measuring/feedback: Glass scales on X-axis (upper and lower turrets); rotary encoder on C-axis • Back working: 8-position back table with combined drive for up to 3 tools; prepared for internal coolant supply • Clamping: Clamping direction reversal device and counter clamping pressure device on main and counter spindles • Coolant system: Standard system with 3-bar and 8-bar pumps (50 Hz) in a 500-liter tank; additional 28-bar pump (50 Hz), 19 l/min flow rate Nljdjx D Drcspfx Aa Iec • Extraction: Connection D 150 mm for central extraction Additional equipment • None specified (no robots, bar feeder, chip conveyor, or external automation listed)

Condition: used, mileage: 108,879 km, power: 170 kW (231.14 HP), first registration: 11/1993, fuel type: gasoline, color: red, gearing type: automatic, number of seats: 2, This listing is for a repaired accident vehicle. Njdpfx Aasyra N Uo Iolc

Condition: new, mileage: 500 km, power: 107 kW (145.48 HP), fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, wheelbase: 3,682 mm, gearing type: mechanical, Equipment: ABS, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), immobilizer system, onboard computer, Special features - EURO 6D Temp - 6-speed manual gearbox - Air conditioning - Cruise control - Radio CD with Bluetooth - LED daylight - Electrically adjustable and heated rear-view mirrors - Electric windows - Electric immobilizer - 3 seats - Driver's seat with armrest - Height and depth-adjustable steering wheel - On-board computer - Central locking with remote control Body Aerial work platform KLUBB KL32 - Working height: 12,5m Nlodpstu Ilpjfx Aa Iec - Lateral outreach: 7.3m - Rotation: 360° - Basket loadable up to 120kg - Remote control - Motor start / stop function - Shelves for tools (can be extended as required) - 220V connection in the basket The hydraulic pump is driven by a 3 kW 12V electric motor Price stated in the offer as a basis for negotiation! 2 year manufacturer's warranty - Renault 3 new vehicles. Immediately available from our warehouse in Langenfeld/ Germany. - COC Document francais available, - Interior fittings, parquet floors and wooden walls, - On request we can change many things for you, according to your your business, - Free delivery to your home. We offer various aerial work platforms from 10m to 20m. If you have not found what you are looking for, you can send us your search request. Leasing rate from €750 per month plus VAT. This is a non-binding leasing offer from COMCO Leasing GmbH, subject to a final check. This offer is only valid for commercial customers based in Germany. We are also happy to advise you personally and individually, just contact us

Year of construction: 2022, condition: used, For inquiries about the attachment, Mr. Herden will assist you (by phone). Westtech Woodcracker CL320 Felling Grapple / in stock & immediately available / Year of manufacture: 2022 / DEMO unit / like new Price: €8,890.00 net / €10,579.10 gross Njdsyix N Uspfx Aa Islc Cutting diameter softwood (mm): 400 Cutting diameter hardwood (mm): 320 Grapple opening = shear opening (mm): 1,060 Own weight (basic – fully equipped) (kg): 620 – 1,170 Recommended main circuit oil flow (l/min): 70 – 150 Recommended main circuit operating pressure (bar): 280 Recommended auxiliary circuit oil flow (l/min): 45 – 60 Recommended auxiliary circuit operating pressure (bar): 200 Carrier vehicle operating weight (t): 12 – 20 We have many adapter plates (MS01 / MS03 / MS08 / CW05 / CW10 / CW20 / OQ65 / OQ70/55 / etc...) in stock and available immediately. Our warehouse holds a wide selection of various Westtech products, all immediately available! Mr. Herden will be happy to assist you (by phone). Upon request, we can also provide you with a financing offer. We are an official Westtech sales and service partner. We are an official Gierking GMT sales and service partner. We are an official OilQuick sales and service partner. We are an official Weber MT sales and service partner. We are an official Holp sales and service partner. We are an official DMS sales and service partner. We are an official Seppi M. sales and service partner. We are an official Magni telehandler sales and service partner. We are an official JCB construction machinery sales and service partner. We are an official Mercedes-Benz sales and service partner. We are an official Iveco sales and service partner. With 800 used vehicles, we are also one of the largest commercial vehicle dealers in Germany. We supply the complete range of Westtech Woodcracker products! Errors and prior sale excepted! Internal ref. no.: 121059-F = More information = New: No Part suitable for: Application in forestry Please contact Marius Herden for further information.

Condition: used, Level limit switch, level measuring device, sensor, switch, level transmitter Njdped Tvuhjfx Aa Ijlc -Type: Nivotester FTL325N-F1E1 -Number: 6x available -Price: per piece -Weight: 140 g

Condition: good (used), Frequency converter, frequency inverter, drive converter, controller, variable speed drive, servo controller, control, converter, PLC control, supply unit, converter, power module, U/E module Nsdpfjnah Dkox Aa Ijlc -Manufacturer: Siemens, servo controller Sinamics G110 CPM110 AIN -AC Drive: Type G110 CPM110 AIN 6SL3211-0AB17-5UA1 -Individual components: see photos -Number: 3x module available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 150/90/H140 mm -Weight: 0.9 kg/piece

Condition: good (used), Frequency converter, frequency inverter, drive converter, controller, variable speed drive, servo controller, control, converter, PLC control, supply unit, converter, power module, U/E module -Manufacturer: Siemens, Sinamics servo controller -AC Drive: Type G110 CPM110 AIN 6SL3211-0AB15-5UA1 -Number: 2x module available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 150/90/H140 mm Nlodpfxjpvqyre Aa Ijc -Weight: 0.9 kg/piece

Condition: good (used), pneumatic power clamps, horizontal clamps, compact clamps, clamping devices, pneumatic power clamps Nlodob A H E Iopfx Aa Iec -Type: 82L32-143C8H0 -Quantity: 4 available -Price: per piece -Weight: 2.1 kg/piece

Condition: used, Pneumatic rotary cylinder, swivel drive, pneumatic cylinder, air cylinder, swivel linear unit -Festo type: DSL-32-50-270-P-S2-CC-KF -Piston: Ø 32 mm -Stroke: 50 mm -Swivel angle: 0 to 272° -Max. Pressure: 8 bar -Dimensions: 335/105/H105 mm -Weight: 3.7 kg Njdpfx Ajd S Dahsa Iolc

Condition: used, PLC control, supply unit, converter, power module, U/E module -Power module: Simatics Power Module 240 6SL3224-0BE23-0AA0 -Input: 3 AC 380 - 480 V 10.2 A 50/60 Hz -Output: 3 AC 7.7 A. -Power: 3 kW -Control unit: Simatics Control Unit CU240S PN F 6SL3244-0BA21-1FA0 Nodpfxofivi Uo Aa Islc -Dimensions: 155/270/H235 mm -Weight: 4.6 kg

Condition: used, PLC control, supply unit, converter, power module, U/E module -Power module: Simatics Power Module 240 6SL3224-0BE21-5UA0 -Input: 3 AC 380 - 480 V 4.8 A 50/60 Hz -Output: 3 AC 4.1 A -Power: 1.5 kW Nljdjfivkbepfx Aa Isc -Control unit: Simatics Control Unit CU240S PN F 6SL3244-0BA21-1FA0 -Dimensions: 230/75/H240 mm -Weight: 2.4 kg

Condition: used, PLC control, supply unit, converter, power module, U/E module Nodpfx Aasfivkco Ijlc -Power module: Simatics Power Module 240 6SL3224-0BE21-1UA0 -Input: 3 AC 380 - 480 V 3.8 A 50/60 Hz -Output: 3 AC 3.1 A -Power: 1.1 kW -Control unit: Simatics Control Unit CU240S PN F 6SL3244-0BA21-1FA0 -Dimensions: 230/75/H240 mm -Weight: 2.4 kg

Condition: used, mileage: 95,862 km, power: 96 kW (130.52 HP), first registration: 11/2019, fuel type: diesel, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, Equipment: ABS, airbag, central locking, cruise control, immobilizer system, onboard computer, Special features - ABS - Radio - Airbag - On-board computer - Power steering - Cruise control - Driver’s seat with armrest - Electric windows - Electronic immobilizer - Central locking with remote control - Ladder rack - The vehicle is equipped with a new genuine particulate filter valued at €2,300. Superstructure Aerial Work Platform Time Versalift ETL-32-125 - Working height: 12.5 m - Lateral outreach: 7.3 m - Basket capacity up to 120 kg - Rotation: 360° - Remote control - Engine start/stop function - Electric emergency pump - Hour meter - Flashing beacons - 220V socket in the basket The vehicle is fitted with an aerial work platform (model Time Versalift ETL-32-125), mounted on a Renault Master. This telescopic platform is ideally suited for maintenance, installation, and inspection work at heights of up to approximately 12.5 m. An ideal vehicle for municipalities, utility companies, telecommunications, or trades businesses. All platform functions are operational and have been checked by our workshop. The vehicle is ready for registration. German papers, TÜV, and UVV are included free of charge. Additional features such as tow bar, lighting, shelving, and more are available on request. ACR-Juretzki Nutzfahrzeughandels GmbH – Your reliable partner for used commercial vehicles All vehicles offered by us are owned by ACR-Juretzki Nutzfahrzeughandels GmbH. All presentations are made exclusively with original photos taken in-house – guaranteeing full transparency regarding the actual condition of the vehicle. Our vehicles undergo extensive reconditioning in our own specialist workshop prior to sale – including mechanical, bodywork, and paintwork. Therefore, they are optimally prepared for the next technical inspection. In addition, we guarantee the authenticity of the stated mileage. Trust is good – verification is better: On request, the vehicle can be inspected by independent inspection organizations such as TÜV, DEKRA, or KÜS – including remote inspection. Our service offer for you: - Delivery of your vehicle to your desired location - Complete handling of export formalities, including export license plates - Custom financing and leasing options Nlsdpfx Ajwz Ik Hsa Ioc - Trade-in of your current vehicle - Installation of special equipment on request Looking for something specific? If you currently can’t find a suitable vehicle for your company in our inventory, contact us – we will be happy to assist you. For technical details, additional photos, or a personal consultation, we are always at your disposal. All stated prices are net prices. The contents of our website are created with the greatest care and updated regularly. Nevertheless, they are for general information only and do not replace individual advice. Only the information in the purchase contract is legally binding. Subject to changes, errors, typographical mistakes, and prior sale.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: ST-32-BG-0093, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, turning diameter: 32 mm, overall weight: 3,900 kg, travel distance X-axis: 3,742 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,729 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,800 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Year of manufacture: 2011 CNC: Siemens Njdpfx Aewwqztoa Ielc MACHINE DETAILS Model number: ST L32H Serial number: ST-32-BG-0093 Rated voltage: 3 phases, 220-240/380-415 V AC Rated frequency: 50/60 Hz Maximum spindle speed: 8,000 rpm Maximum machining diameter: 32 mm Dimensions: 1,964 mm x 1,290 mm x 1,800 mm Weight: 3,000 kg EQUIPMENT Bar feeder: FMB Turbo 3-36

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Brand/Manufacturer: 3E Machinery Model: GL32120 Main motor power: 30kW + 30kW Working rotor length: 1200 mm Rotor diameter: 430mm Number of movable knives on the rotor: 30 pcs Thickness of knives: 40mm Njdpsvpua Sofx Aa Iolc Machine on stock

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Brand/Manufacturer: 3E Machinery Model: GL32120 Main motor power: 30kW + 30kW Working rotor length: 1200 mm Rotor diameter: 430mm Number of movable knives on the rotor: 30 pcs Thickness of knives: 40mm Njdpfx Ajvpuafoa Ijlc Machine on stock

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Brand/Manufacturer: 3E Machinery Model: GL32120 Main motor power: 30kW + 30kW Nlsdjvpunvopfx Aa Ijc Working rotor length: 1200 mm Rotor diameter: 430mm Number of movable knives on the rotor: 30 pcs Thickness of knives: 40mm Machine on stock

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Brand/Manufacturer: 3E Machinery Model: GL32120 Main motor power: 30kW + 30kW Working rotor length: 1200 mm Rotor diameter: 430mm Number of movable knives on the rotor: 30 pcs Nledpfsvpuq Dsx Aa Ijc Thickness of knives: 40mm Machine on stock

Condition: used, Automatic bar feeder Nodpfxex Trzto Aa Ielc

Condition: new, mileage: 400 km, power: 130 kW (176.75 HP), fuel type: diesel, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, color: white, number of seats: 9, Year of construction: 2025, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), parking heater, soot filter, * MAN TGE 3,180 * Citizen bus / public bus * 8+1 * 1x wheelchair space * Automatic transmission * Driver's seat Swivel seat * Cruise control * Radio USB/AUX/Bluetooth * Original air conditioning * Roof air conditioning for the passenger compartment * Heating for the passenger compartment * USB charging stations for each passenger * Wheelchair ramp * Stop signal buttons * Handrails * Permissible total weight 3500 KG Njdswpdwfopfx Aa Ielc * Reversing camera * LED lighting in the interior * Financing possible * Deposits possible * Subject to prior sale, errors and changes excepted

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 9,132 h, functionality: fully functional, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 200 rpm, spindle motor power: 3,700 W, rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 15 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 32 m/min, overall weight: 1,750 kg, bar passage: 20 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Swiss-type CNC Lathe TSUGAMI B0206E-II TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Year of manufacturing: 2014 CNC control: FANUC series 32i-B Number of axes: 6 Rapid traverse rate X1 axis: 24000 [mm/min] Rapid traverse rate X2 axis: 24000 [mm/min] Rapid traverse rate Z1 axis: 32000 [mm/min] Rapid traverse rate Z2 axis: 32000 [mm/min] Nljdpfey Eff Aox Aa Ioc Rapid traverse rate Y1 axis: 15000 [mm/min] Rapid traverse rate Y2 axis:15000 [mm/min] Max. bar diameter: 20 [mm] Min. spindle speed: 200 [rpm] Max. spindle speed: 10000 [rpm] Increment C-axis: 0.001 [°] Spindle power: 3.7 [kW] Min. counter spindle spindle speed: 200 [rpm] Max. counter spindle speed: 12000 [rpm] Counter spindle increment C-axis: 0.001 [°] Counter spindle power: 2.2 [kW] Number of positions end attachment: 8 Number of positions guide bush holder 1: 5 Number of motorized positions guide bush holder 1: 3 Live tools speed guide bush holder 1: 8000 [rpm] Number of positions secondary operation: 8 Number of motorized positions secondary operation: 4 Live tools speed secondary operation: 8000 [rpm] Max. tool holder cross-section: 12 x 12 [mm] Working hours: 9132 [h] Weight: 1750 [Kg] INCLUDED EQUIPMENT: x1 sliding headstock (direct drive) x1 counter spindle (direct drive) x1 rotary guide bush (direct drive) x108 collets x7 live tool holders x1 parts catcher x1 parts conveyor belt x1 parts ejection device x1 chip conveyor x1 coolant tank x1 oil mist extraction unit, 3nine LINA type x1 IEMCA ELITE 220 E / 32 XL bar feeder x1 set of accessories for IEMCA ELITE 220 E / 32 XL bar feeder x1 fire protection system - to be inspected by the buyer through a certified organization x1 electrical transformer x1 3-color status light x1 set of IEMCA manuals x1 set of FANUC manuals Machine visible under power in our premises by appointment. Price on request, loading on truck included. Possibility of shipping Worldwide. The information on this page has been obtained by the best of our ability. Therefore, its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Machines similar to Citizen, Nomura, Tornos, Miyano, Index, Traub, and Star lathes, as well as machining centers, milling machines, and grinding machines.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, turning diameter 42 / 140 mm turning length 170 mm control Mitsubishi Meldas turning speeds 80-8.000 U/min c-axis 0,001° turret (x-stations) 2x 12 (VDI 20) angetrieben turning speeds 45-4.500 U/min gripping station 42 mm spindle 1 kW turning speeds 60-6.000 U/min c-axis 0,001° number of controlled axis 8 collet unit 48 DIN 6343 . Number of working hours 10769 h chip conveyor ja/yes Bj. 2018 total power requirement 7,5 / 11 kW weight of the machine ca. 3,3 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,4 x 1,6 x 2,2 m CNC turning and milling machine CITIZEN BOLEY BE 42, year 2007 Simultaneous working with 7 axes on main and pick-up spindle very good condition, operating hours 21.999h (September 2024) Accessories: # Various tool holders (see picture) Njdpfjvyli Ejx Aa Islc 5x axiale driven tool holder # collet chuck for collets type 173E # additional coolant cooler # Knoll chip conveyor, year of construction 2018 The Boley BE 42 is without barloader. Loading magazine interface has been fitted. Complete battery exchange on 22.12.2025

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, mileage: 1 km, power: 170 kW (231.14 HP), fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 8,500 kg, maximum load weight: 1,400 kg, overall weight: 9,800 kg, tire size: 405/70 r20, axle configuration: 4x4, wheelbase: 3,850 mm, brakes: engine braking, color: white, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, suspension: other, loading space length: 2,550 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: ABS, additional headlights, air conditioning, all wheel drive, crane, cruise control, differential lock, hydraulics, navigation system, onboard computer, soot filter, trailer coupling, Your advantages if you continue reading: Available in the short term, new and affordable, as it is a special model. This highly off-road capable Unimog 4023 will take you to any job site and, with its optimally sized loading crane, has an indefatigable helper on board that will actively support you in your lifting and assembly work and contribute to your economic success. Its exceptional durability also makes the Unimog very stable in value and therefore very economical for you. The crane has 4 extensions and a winch to facilitate and support assembly work. You will find the load capacity diagram for this crane attached. The rear outriggers remain within the vehicle's dimensions, so you can set up and work in a very space-saving manner. Where trucks no longer have space, the Unimog still has a chance. As a major advantage, I would like to highlight the Scharmüller drawbar coupling in combination with the cross member and struts. By using it, the trailer load is increased and a support load for center-axle trailers becomes possible! This makes the crane truck a short and multifunctional towing vehicle that can also pull particularly long trailers. Height-adjustable trailer coupling As another unique feature, you will receive a height-adjustable trailer coupling with this unique overall concept, which allows you to tow a variety of trailers. The following trailer loads apply: Maximum trailer load for semi-trailer: 14,700 kg Maximum trailer load for center-axle trailer: 13,000 kg Maximum vertical load: 1,000 kg Maximum trailer load for braked car trailer: 3,500 kg All values are explicitly approved by the vehicle manufacturer for truck registration and will be entered in the vehicle documents of your Unimog. Platform body: Clear interior length: approx. 2550 mm Clear width, so that 2 pallets can be loaded crosswise and visually matches the crane width. Wooden floor Aluminum side boards, height approx. 400 mm Aluminum front wall, height approx. 600 mm Corner posts: None! Perfect for unloading Side boards can be detached We are happy to assist you; please arrange a call-back appointment, and we will check if we can help you. Unimog equipment: (Excerpts!) RT2 Dunlop SP9 405/70 R20 on deep-bed rims 11x20 B1V Parking brake on front axle B5B Trailer brake, 2-line D6F Air conditioning DE4 Electric windows DF3 Air-suspended driver's seat with seat heating E2J Circuit breaker E40 ABS trailer socket 24V E41 Trailer socket 24V, 12-pin E83 Acoustic signal for differential lock EF3 Reversing camera EM5 Monitor for camera F3W Cab tilting device F64 Tilting fittings for cab G22 Off-road package Nsdpfxekqfquo Aa Ijlc G48 EAS G50 Transmission oil cooler JV5 Radio pre-wiring, DAB radio with navigation function - short DAB shark antenna installed K7A Tailpipe pointing upwards L32 Stone guard for turn indicators LH6 Stone guard for rear lights N16 Gearbox PTO, fast Q32 Cross member for increased trailer load TF7 Weight variant 9.8T (4.6/5.5) - Special offer price - only valid while stocks last and subject to change.