Used Grinding Wheel Puller for sale (22,521)

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 5,671 h, load capacity: 2,500 kg, lifting height: 4,830 mm, free lift: 1,444 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,224 mm, battery capacity: 840 Ah, battery voltage: 80 V, fork length: 1,200 mm, tire condition: 25 %, front tire type: superelastic tires (black), front tire size: 23 x 9 - 10, rear tire type: superelastic tires (black), rear tire size: 200/50 - 10, overall weight: 7,520 kg, total height: 2,224 mm, total length: 2,750 mm, total width: 1,170 mm, fuel: electricity, Equipment: cabin, sideshift, LINDE E 25 / 600 HL – Electric 4-wheel forklift TECHNICAL DATA Lifting capacity: 2.500 kg Lifting height: 4.830 mm Closed height: 2.224 mm Dcsdpfxsz Hap He Adrsn Free lift: 1.444 mm Mast: Triplex (3F483) Fork length: 1.200 mm Fork carriage: FEM 2 A Drive: Elektro 80V Battery: 80 V / 840 Ah. v. 2020 Charger: 80 V Tyres: Superelastik SE 23 x 9 - 10 (25%) / 200/50 - 10 (10%) Service weight: 7.520 kg Length: 2.750 mm Width: 1.170 mm Year of manufacture: 2020 Operating hours: 5.671 h Condition: working condition EQUIPMENT 3rd valve, 4th valve, Rear work lights, Front work lights, Heating, Full cabin, Pulse control ATTACHMENTS Sideshift, Double pallet forks Internal no.: 1309301 Location: 14974 Ludwigsfelde bei Berlin Unilift GmbH & Co. KG – inspected used forklifts from Ludwigsfelde near Berlin.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, Technical details: rotary table diameter: 2x700 mm grinding height: 200 mm grinding head - power requirement: 15 kW max. dia. of grinding wheel: 400 mm grinding spindle speed: 1400-2800 stufenlos /continous U/min automatic feeds: 0,001-0,02 weight of tools max.: 650 kg table speed: 5-10 m/min rotary table revolutions per minute : 5-10 stufenlos U/min rotary table: Querbewg. 0,2...10 m/min total power requirement: 49 kW weight of the machine ca.: ca. 12,0 t dimension machine approx.LxWxH: 6,0x3,0x2,8 m dimensions electric cabinet LxWxH: 2,0x0,55x2,2 m ROTARY TABLE SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE Dcedpfx Asu Ngp Njdren - 2 magnetic rotary tables each Ø=700mm - diamond roller dressing device - without coolant unit i.D. *

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: --029--OK--EK, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 10,829 h, load capacity: 2,500 kg, lifting height: 4,760 mm, free lift: 1,505 mm, load center: 160 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,176 mm, battery voltage: 80 V, fork length: 1,600 mm, front tire size: 10, rear tire size: 0,5, overall weight: 5,150 kg, Equipment: 4th hydraulic function, cabin, 5050250 Serial Number: --029--E25L H2X387J04565 Djdpfxsz Hgmlo Adrjcn Battery Details: 80V 5PzS 575Ah, Bj. 18.09.2018

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: --504--OK--EK, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 2,077 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 6,500 mm, free lift: 2,000 mm, load center: 320 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,780 mm, battery voltage: 48 V, fork length: 1,200 mm, front tire size: 4, rear tire size: 3, overall weight: 3,800 kg, Equipment: 3rd hydraulic function, cabin, 5169469 Serial Number: --504--3753--EFG320 FN563038 Djdpjz Hgm Eofx Adrecn Battery Details: 03/2022, 48V 750Ah 50.9 V

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: --557--48120--OK--EK, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 4,980 h, load capacity: 1,800 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,519 mm, load center: 160 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,121 mm, battery voltage: 48 V, fork length: 1,200 mm, front tire size: 8, rear tire size: 1, overall weight: 4,000 kg, Equipment: 4th hydraulic function, cabin, 5227635 Dcodpfx Adez Hgq Doren Serial Number: --557--E18PH H2X386V13448 Battery Details: 2019 48 V 575 Ah 50.8 V

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: --586--OK--EK, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 2,245 h, load capacity: 1,200 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,519 mm, load center: 160 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,121 mm, battery voltage: 24 V, fork length: 1,200 mm, front tire size: 7, rear tire size: 1,5, overall weight: 2,900 kg, Equipment: 3rd hydraulic function, 5049988 Serial Number: --586--3550--E12 H2X386V11879 SYSN170218 Dcedpfjz Hgvyex Adrsn Battery Details: 24V 5PzS 625Ah , Bj 2023, 84% Restkapazität UVV+S 01.2027

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: H2X387E02435, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 709 h, load capacity: 3,500 kg, lifting height: 3,090 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: simplex, construction height: 2,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Chassis number: H2X387E02435 Load center: 500 Mast type: Standard Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tire type: Superelastic Rear tire type: Superelastic Battery voltage: 80V Dsdpfx Adez Hhx Ajrecn Side shifter, 3rd hydraulic valve, windshield, full cabin, interior mirror, windshield wiper

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: H2X388V01064, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 1,589 h, load capacity: 5,000 kg, lifting height: 4,910 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,460 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Chassis number: H2X388V01064 Load center: 500 Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tire type: Superelastic Rear tire type: Superelastic Battery voltage: 80V Side shifter, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, windshield, full cabin, interior mirror, windshield wiper Dcjdpsz Hhx Njfx Adron

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: H2X386U02908, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 4,729 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 6,070 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,680 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric four-wheel forklift Chassis number: H2X386U02908 Load center: 500 Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tire type: Superelastic Rear tire type: Superelastic Battery voltage: 48V Dcodpfx Aez Hhyaodren Side shifter, 3rd valve, windshield, interior mirror, windshield wiper

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 3,620 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,640 mm, free lift: 1,515 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,105 mm, empty load weight: 3,265 kg, total length: 1,887 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,060 mm, Electric 3-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: very good Front tire type: Non-marking Front tire size: 18x7-8 Front tire condition: 60 - 80% Rear tire type: Non-marking Rear tire size: 140/55-9 Rear tire condition: 20 - 40% Battery voltage: 48V Battery capacity: 625Ah Battery manufacturer: Jungheinrich Battery type: PzS Dcsdpfx Aez Hgbisdren Battery year of manufacture: 2019 Battery condition: 60 - 80% Description: Inspection and safety check recently performed 3rd valve, 4th valve, work lights (front), overhead guard, windshield, full free lift, safety light, interior mirror, joystick, single-pedal operation, LED, 3-wheel, single-pedal operation, joystick (Solo-Pilot), access via numeric code, comfort seat, panoramic rearview mirror, multi-color display, optional button panel, rear floor spot light, electric steering, electric brake, battery can be regenerated upon request (for an additional charge).

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 7,900 h, Equipment: all wheel drive, Liebherr L 514 P (Parallel linkage) Stereo loader (articulated steering + rear axle steering - extremely maneuverable!!!) Dcodjz Hhrvepfx Adren Without particulate filter and without AdBlue!!! Chassis number VATZ1115JZB 0025394 Year of manufacture 2010 Operating hours according to meter 7996 P-linkage - with parallel guidance Power 72 kW / 98 hp, total weight 10500 kg Equipment: * Hydraulic quick coupler * Automatic central lubrication system * 4 work lights at the front on the cab roof * Radio preparation * Engine air intake with pre-separator TOP-AIR * Rotating beacon (flashing light) at the rear of the cab - center * Rear view camera with separate monitor * Main switch for electrical system * Road approval possible!!! Hydrostatic drive with 2 speeds - 30 km/h Tires front 17.5 R 25 40% good, rear 17.5 R 25 30% good Width 2400mm Price with quick coupler and bucket 1.6 cbm - 33,900 € Various buckets for this machine in stock, available for an extra charge. Equipment available on request:* Mixing-screening bucket * Folding bucket 1.6 or 2.0 cubic meters from 3,250 € * High-dump bucket from 2.0 - 2.5 cubic meters from 3,950 € * Volume bucket 3.0 cubic meters No. 59 - 2950 € * Screening-mixing bucket - price on request * Pallet fork 5 tons from 2,190 € Other equipment on request!!! All prices are - net price ex warehouse + 19% VAT or export! We can gladly offer you the transport to your location. Sale only to businesses or for export. Sale as is, in the condition the machine is in. No guarantee or warranty. The mileage or operating hours stated are read from the mileage or hour meter; we do not guarantee the accuracy of this information! Subject to prior sale. The vehicle description does not constitute a binding offer, and the information provided is not to be regarded as guaranteed characteristics. The description and the information contained therein serve only for the general identification of the vehicle and do not constitute a guarantee in the legal sense. The information does not claim to be complete. The information / descriptions and images provided are non-binding and do not constitute guaranteed characteristics. Only the details in the order confirmation and invoice apply. The seller assumes no liability / warranty. The advertisement may contain typing and data transmission errors. The seller has not inspected the machine. Equipment may need to be checked separately. We will also gladly accept your vehicle in part exchange. For further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. For our customers from abroad, we will prepare all customs and export documents for a smooth transfer abroad.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Technical details: batch weight: - total volume: 600 l Dcodozdnlaspfx Adrsn external diameter: 1716 mm Effective volume: 345 l Work tank width: 1616 mm max. workpiece size: 270 mm revolution per minute: 980 - 1460 U/min total power requirement: 6 kW weight of the machine ca.: 1600 kg dimension machine approx.LxWxH: 2,4 x 1,7 x 1,44 m height: 3,42 m This machine was never operated with abrasive grinding media and therefore shows very little wear. The polyurethane lining is in excellent condition. The Walther Trowal CB 600 offered for sale was used exclusively for the treatment of stamped metal parts. The parts were processed in a dry finishing process using corn cob granulate, whereby they were conveyed through the media. The purpose of this process was to condition the surface of the stamped parts in such a way that sticking together during subsequent stacking was reliably prevented. The machine was used exclusively for this application and operated only in dry mode with corn cob media. Walther Trowal CB 600 The Walther Trowal CB 600 is an industrial circular vibratory finishing machine with a gross capacity of 600 liters. Suitable for: ·Deburring ·Edge radiusing ·Grinding ·Surface smoothing ·Polishing ·Descaling ·Cleaning metal parts Typical workpieces: ·Turned parts ·Milled parts ·Stamped parts ·Cast parts ·Forged parts ·Gears Machine can be demonstrated under power. i.D. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, Technical details: grinding length: 600 mm grinding width: 375 mm workpiece height: 375 mm max. table load: 300 kg grinding range: 350 - 600 mm Table dimensions: 900 - 350 mm Dedpfxjxu D Huo Adrscn magnetic plate size: 600 x 350 mm dimensions of grinding wheel: 300 x 50 x76,2 mm mm total power requirement: 12 kW weight of the machine ca.: 5,2 t dimension machine xH: 3,3 x 2,6 x 2,4 m dimension coolant device LxWxH: 0,8 x 0,8 x 0,8 m -Longitudinal table stroke = 700mm -transverse travel of table = 800mm Coolant pump *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1970, Technical details: grinding length: 1000 mm grinding width: 400 mm workpiece height: 500 mm Dsdpfx Adjx Afpaerecn Table dimensions: 2230 x 670 mm table surface area: 1340 x 400 mm magnetic plate size: 1000 x 410 mm table load: 450 kg throat of the spindle nose: max 330 mm grinding spindle speed: 1440 U/min total power requirement: 18,2 kW weight of the machine ca.: 3,5 nur Maschine t dimension machine xH: 1,9 x 3,3 x 2,25 m dimensions electric cabinet LxWxH: 1,0 x 0,4 x 1,4 m Precision surface grinding machine Possible surface grinding operations: -cross grinding; plunge grinding; face grinding and grinding with a straight grinding track Further specifications: -hydraulic table speed, infinitely variable 1...30 or 2...30 m/min. -Largest table stroke 1150 mm -Manual cross feed 0.01 mm -Manual vertical infeed of the grinding wheel 0.002mm and minimum infeed 0.001mm -Automatic infeed 0.001...0.1mm -Largest selectable total infeed amount 5.0mm -Coolant system (tank with pump) -hydr. aggregate -control cabinet *

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 9,204 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,375 mm, free lift: 1,600 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,160 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 3-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Dodpsu D Tgdofx Adrscn Mast type: Duplex Gearbox: Electromechanical Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: Very good Front tires Type: Superelastic Front tires size: 18x7-8 Rear tires Type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 18x7-8 Battery Volt: 24V Battery Ah: 1000Ah Battery Manufacturer: Hawker Battery Type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2022 Description: In addition to this device, we offer other forklifts and warehouse equipment. Our devices are workshop and FEM4.004 tested. Please contact us by e-mail or by phone. You can also find us at hsr-gabelstapler Of course, we also buy your used truck, even without you purchasing a vehicle from us. Installment plan & financing on favorable terms are available on request. We will be happy to advise you competently and in detail about our vehicles. Sideshift, 3rd valve, rear working lights, front working lights, full free lift, safety light, rotating beacon, single pedal, LED, 3-wheel, seat,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 4,201 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,030 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: telescopic, construction height: 2,060 mm, fork length: 1,100 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 3-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Telescopic Gearbox: Electromechanical Technical condition: Very good Front tires Type: Superelastic Front tires Size: 18x7-8 Rear tires Type: Superelastic Rear tires Size: 15x4/5-8 Dcsdpfxeu D S T Nj Adron Battery Volt: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery manufacturer: HSR Battery year of construction: 2014 Description: Incl. charger Sideshift, 3rd valve, front work lights, load protection grille, double pedal control, multi-lever

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1961, Technical details: grinding length: 600 mm grinding width: 200 mm workpiece height: 270 mm grinding length: mit Magnet: 500 mm Distance Spindlecenter - clamping surface area, min:: 350 mm grinding spindle speed: 1000...4700 U/min table surface area: 720 x 200 mm table load capacity: 60 kp magnetic plate size: 455 x 180 (Gleichstrom) mm Dcodpfxsu Ngg Ue Adrjn magnetic-table: vertical kippen 90° längs Stück total power requirement: 2,0 (2,7 PS) kW weight of the machine ca.: 1600 + 176 kg Gleichrichter kg dimension machine xH: 1,4 x 1,8 x 1,7 m transport measurements machine: 1,4 x 1,8 x 1,6 m dimensions electric cabinet: L: 850 x B: 450 x H: 1.100 mm dimensions of grinding wheel: Ø 225 x 20 x Bohrung Ø 51 mm mm The magnetic plate (24V) is cooled. Grinding spindle: The grinding wheel infeed is electric, vertical 270mm, infeed z-axis 0,002 mm to unlimited inching infeed 0,001 - 0,010mm Peripheral speed max 35 m/sec. allowed equipped with coolant tank, pump and magnetic separator, as well as grinding wheel - size Ø 152 x 14mm plus various accessories (in the cabinet) like some grinding wheels and balancing flange The machine is pre-equipped for an exhaust system. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1974, Technical details: grinding length: 600 mm grinding width: 200 mm workpiece height: 400 mm magnetic plate size: 630 x 200 mm Max. Table-movement horizontal: X-Richtung max. 710 mm Max. Table-movement across: Y-Richtung max, 250 mm table load capacity: 110 /1100N) kp table speed: 1,5 - 18 m/min dimensions of grinding wheel: max. 200 x 20 x Ø 51 mm grinding wheel dimensions:: gespannt: Ø 142 x 20mm grinding spindle speed: 2800 U/min feed of spindle: 0,01 mm total power requirement: 5,0 kW weight of the machine ca.: 1,0 t Dedpfxeu Ngmbe Adrjcn dimension machine xH: 1,8 x 1,2 x 1,9 m dimensions: Behälter Absaugung: 420 x Ø 350 x 680 mm The machine was used for dry grinding. -very good condition -without dressing device -dust extraction -machine lamp *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1964, Technical details: shaft diameter: max. 120 mm Dcjdpfxeu Ngr De Adron work piece - max.: 800 mm height of profile: Tiefe: max. 90 mm grinding spindle speed: nicht bekannt U/min Table dimensions: Ø 150 mm voltage: 380 V total power requirement: 1,1 kW weight of the machine ca.: 0,675 t dimension machine xH: 0,75 x 0,70 x 2,0 m Application: vertical internal cylindrical grinding of shafts face, and center grinding with shaft grinder. Spindle head technical details: -equipment shank grinder Ø 13mm 60°; clamping element Ø 6mm shank clamping head. -travel=vertical 950mm by handwheel and transversal 80mm by crank handle -abrasive device with diamond, adjustment crosswise= 80mm. Table other specifications: -with fixed tip holder 60°. -speed 63 / 125 rpm. -adjustment vertical 600mm, in height 1.100mm, operation manual. centering block: -prismatic guide accessories: -fixed tip L=180mm -fixed tip L=300mm -div. shank grinder -div. clamping and auxiliary tools *

Condition: used, Technical details: max. dia. of grinding wheel: 175 mm revolution per minute: 2750 m/sec. Dedpfou Ngtbsx Adrocn boring diameter: 20 mm number of stations: 2 Stück total power requirement: 0,4 kW weight: 15,4 kg space requirements of the machine approx.: L:380xB:252xH:270 mm technical data: - 4 holes Dm= 10mm are available at the base for mounting on the worktable. - VEM CS 175 motor with 220/380V-50Hz; (1,9&1,1A) Protection class P33, - connector plug CEE 16 Equipment: - with grinding surface and grinding protection on both sides On sale as is!, without test run! *

Condition: used, Technical details: grinding wheel diameter: 200 mm voltage: 220 380 V / Hz Dcedpfx Adeu Ngu Ssrsn revolution per minute: 3000 U/min total power requirement: 900 Watt weight: 22 kg dimensions L x W x H: 0,23 x 0,46 x 0,25 m Double sanding block; table-top unit with sanding supports left/right, horizontally adjustable 30mm max. sanding discs Ø 200mm max. grinding wheel thickness 32mm currently clamped sanding discs on the sanding block: left = Ø 190mm x 30mm type H50 and right = Ø 180mm x 32mm type M20 *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1981, Technical details: grinding diameter: 240 mm grinding length: 700 mm centre height: 125 mm table length: 1525 (schwenkbar) mm distance grinding spindle - table min./max.: 225/410 mm rpm speed range - grinding wheel: 1590 U/min grinding wheel dia. (unused wheel): 600 mm grinding wheel dia. (used wheel): 450 mm cutting speed: 50 m/s total power requirement: 13 kW weight of the machine ca.: 5,5 t space requirements of the machine approx.: L:2,8xB:2,2xH:1,8 m Cylindrical grinding machine, semi-automatic operation - grinding spindle head -adjustment 185mm - grinding spindle head-infeed 0,001-0,05 mm/min continuous - rotation workpiece 50-500 rpm continuous machine is equipped: - sleeve with hydr. retraction Dcodsu Ng Avepfx Adrjn - cooling device - trueing device - grinding wheel balancing - transverse delivering device for grinding spindle head - hydr. adjustment of grinding table. Upper table swivable. Documentation i.D. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1979, Technical details: grinding diameter min/max: Aufnahme: Ø 200 x 32 mm number of spindle speeds: 3000 U/min total power requirement: ca. 1,2 kW weight of the machine ca.: 0,24 t dimension machine xH: 0,7 x 0,9 x 1,6 m The grinding spindle is equipped with two hand levers: Working range left = hand grinding device for small shank drills, grinding wheel currently Ø 120 x 30mm; admission=Ø 32mm; speed 3000 rpm.; with grinding support Dedpfxeu Ng Ncj Adrocn Working range right = swiveling device for conical shank drill; cup grinding wheel currently Ø 160 x 30mm; admission=Ø 32mm; speed 3000 rpm. Cutting angle max 180° for double-edged and 120° for triple-edged Clearance angle 5° - 9°; drill-Ø 8 - 40mm, possible grinding modes e.g.: normal grinding, DK-grinding, center grinding, spiral grinding, step drill grinding Machine illumination available *

Year of construction: 1984, condition: used, Technical details: material Ø max: 120 mm suitable for: Laborarbeiten feed:: Stufe 1: 0,05 Doppelhub mm feed:: Stufe 2: 0,1 Doppelhub mm air pressure - required: 5 - 6 bar Number of working hours: 2649 h connected load: 5 kVA machine length: 1200 mm machine width: 800 mm machine height: 1900 mm machine weight: ca. 850 kg Dodpju Ng Sdjfx Adrecn Laboratory Test Grinding Machine - precision grinding machine for laboratory work (e.g., steel and ice samples for spectral analysis) - automatic grinding machine with electronic control (in electric cabinet) - automatic feeding of the grinding spindle - workpiece holder = electro-magnetic - 380V; 50Hz; 3 phases - pot grinding wheel Ø 200x 100mm and drill hole Ø 51mm - coolant device available *

Condition: used, Technical details: grinding diameter: 260 mm grinding length: 1000 mm Dsdpfx Adju Ng Dtsrscn centre height: 130 mm clamping length: 1000 mm feed:: per Hand headstock adjustment: 280 manuell mm total power requirement: ca. 6,0 kW weight of the machine ca.: 1,5 t dimension machine xH: 2580 x 1750 x 1630 mm Non-circular grinding machine - (crankshaft grinding machine) Used for grinding crankshafts, camshafts, etc. Machine table: - rotatable right/left: 6° each - clamping surface workpiece 1240 x156mm Grinding headstock: - headstock adjustment 150mm to workpiece axis - rotatable right/left 90° in two planes - feed by hand manual 280mm - grinding wheel/grinding wheel = 350x32x127mm internal grinding spindle type Fortuna SJ 60 x 250L Workpiece headstock: - speed 25 - 65 - 155 - 400 rpm - rotatable by hand adjustment, +/- 90°. - center height 130mm Equipment: Tailstock equipped with dressing device, quill quick clamp with center point. Machine is available for demonstration. *