Used Vdf Boehringer Dus 400 Ti for sale (27,031)

Condition: refurbished (used), Gap Bed machine Between centers: 60” Swing over bed: 22" Spindle speeds: 18 - 1400RPM Spindle bore: 3 1/2" Diameter 90mm Chuck mounting: D1 - 11 Tailstock taper: No 5 Morse Tool Post: Quick Change 4 holders & Keys New 3 Jaw Chuck Iedpfxsq N Ay Ae Aphsih Coolant New 2 Axis DRO System Chuck guard TBC 6-month warranty

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 2 h, feed rate X-axis: 200 m/min, working width: 400 mm, total length: 2,150 mm, working height: 950 mm, input voltage: 400 V, overall weight: 1,850 kg, compressed air connection: 8 bar, Since 1970 Ceetec A/S produces innovative wood painting machines in Norre Aaby, Denmark. According to the motto "keep it simple" all machines are reduced to necessary things combined with innovative technology where it makes sense for our customer. This makes our machines very long living but also very cost effective for the customer. Our CNC linear spraying machine is equipped with 3-4 traverses which are controlled by the easy to use touchscreen. We can offer it with 1-2 paint circles for easy color management. Further specification: - painting dimensions: 100 x 400mm (heigth x width) - speed: 10 - 200m/min Iedpfxjffc Une Apheih - capacitiy: up to nearly 12.000 running meter per hour - power connection: 400VAC (other system on request) - air connection: 8bar air pressure - made for painting 5 sides, 6 sides painting optinal possible It can be combined with our innovative drying systems or used as a stand alone machine. You are interested and want to see a line working? No problem, we will organize a visit at another customer for You. Do You have further questions? Please feel free to contact us whenever You want!

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Model 2025 for Industry 4.0! Laser marking system for: =ᐳ Marking Isdpfx Apsd S H Nyshoih =ᐳ Annealing of metals =ᐳ Marking of many materials =ᐳ Deep engraving Extremely detailed and high-contrast engravings thanks to the JPT-MOPA system fiber laser source (variable pulse width, on request). Simple operation and handling! Our exclusive XL laser marking system stands out due to: • Professional fiber laser source JPT MOPAfix 20 or 30W • 1064nm, 20-400 kHz (for perfect annealing engravings) • Scanner unit "New Generation ECO" • 19" PC control, no external card needed! • Very large viewing window with certified laser safety glass • Scanning area approx. 150 x 150 mm • Electric height adjustment • Full enclosure with 4 rollers • "Weightless" lifting door for safe marking. EZCAD III software: • Barcode and QR code support • Serial number function • Batch scanning from Excel file • Laser parameter finder via matrix with 2 parameters • TCP/IP connectivity for external components • Industry 4.0: The status can be processed at any time via the TCP/IP protocol. • Inputs and outputs for direct communication • New look and feel and fresh design • Even clearer and more intuitive operation • 3D preview for rotary axis machining • Performance increase of up to 50% through 64-bit architecture • Improved stability through integrated controller card • Optional up to 4 axis controls (integrated) • Optional DEEP engraving with Z-axis • More efficient algorithms for fast hatching. • Completely newly designed galvanometer generation • 2x laser pointer to check the focus position. • LED lighting of the marking area • Connection option for external extraction • Start button and emergency stop on the housing • USB and network connection for data access • Operating manual and operating software in German • Protective enclosure according to laser class 1 • Includes 4 hours of training in our training center (max. 2 people) Do you need something customized? We are happy to help. Choose from our numerous accessories: =ᐳ Camera systems for object recognition =ᐳ Fiber laser source in virtually all variations =ᐳ Motorized and automatic height adjustment =ᐳ Scanlab equipment =ᐳ Automation for part loading =ᐳ Conveyor belts for infeed and outfeed =ᐳ 3D marking and engraving function. =ᐳ Automatic focus adjustment =ᐳ Rotary unit =ᐳ Motorized slides =ᐳ Interlock system for marking WITHOUT a protective housing, but only with PPE (personal protective equipment) for bulky parts. Our engraving lasers naturally allow for individual customization in design and size! =ᐳ Made in Schweinfurt! Images may include options! Laser engraving machine, laser marker, laser marking, laser engraving, laser engraver, laser marking machine, laser engraving machine, laser marking system, marking laser. Laser engraving machine, laser marker, laser marking, laser engraving, laser engraver, laser marking machine, laser engraving machine, laser marking system, marking laser, Markierheld

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Model 2025 for Industry 4.0! Laser marking system for: =ᐳ Marking =ᐳ Annealing of metals =ᐳ Marking of various materials =ᐳ Deep engraving Extremely detailed and high-contrast engravings thanks to the JPT-MOPA system fiber laser source (variable pulse width). Simple operation and handling! Our exclusive XL laser marking system stands out due to: • Professional fiber laser source JPT MOPAfix 20 or 30W power • 1064nm, 20-400 kHz (for perfect annealing engravings) • "New Generation ECO" scanner unit • 19" PC control, no external card! • Very large viewing window with certified laser safety glass • Scanning area approx. 150 x 150 mm • Electric height adjustment • Full enclosure with 4 rollers • "Weightless" lift door for safe marking. EZCAD III Software: • Barcode and QR code support • Serial number function • Batch scanning from Excel file • Laser parameter finder via matrix with 2 parameters • TCP IP connectivity for external components • Industry 4.0: The status can be processed at any time via the TCP/IP protocol. • Inputs and outputs for direct communication • New look and feel with a fresh design • Even clearer and more intuitive operation • 3D preview for rotary axis machining • Performance increase of up to 50% through 64-bit architecture • Improved stability through integrated control board • Optionally up to 4 axis control (integrated) • Optional deep engraving with Z-axis • More efficient algorithms for fast hatching. • Completely redesigned galvo generation • 2x laser pointer for checking the focus position. • LED lighting of the marking area • Connection option for external extraction • Start button and EMERGENCY STOP on the housing • USB and network connection for data access • Operating manual and software in German • Protective enclosure acc. to laser class 1 • Incl. 4 hours of training in our training center (max. 2 people) Do you need customization? We're happy to help. Choose from our numerous accessories: =ᐳ Camera systems for object recognition =ᐳ Fiber laser source in almost all variations =ᐳ Motorized and automatic height adjustment =ᐳ Scanlab equipment =ᐳ Automation for loading =ᐳ Conveyor belts for infeed and output =ᐳ 3D marking and engraving function. =ᐳ Automatic focus adjustment =ᐳ Rotary unit Iiedpfx Apsd S H Nzjhjh =ᐳ Motorized carriage =ᐳ Interlock system for marking WITHOUT a protective enclosure, but only with PPE (personal protective equipment) for bulky parts. Our engraving lasers naturally allow for individual designs and sizes! =ᐳ Made in Schweinfurt! Images may contain options! Laser engraving machine, laser marker, laser marking, laser engraving, laser engraver, laser marking, laser engraving machine, laser engraving machine, laser marking machine, laser marking system, laser marking system, marking laser, marking laser Laser engraving machine, laser marker, laser marking, laser engraving, laser engraver, laser marking, laser engraving machine, laser engraving machine, laser marking machine, laser marking system, laser marking system, marking laser, marking laser, marking hero

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Forklift battery charger, industrial charger, forklift battery charger, industrial charger, Si rectifier -Manufacturer: Jungheinrich, Timetronic ECO JH charger -Type: D400 G 24/70 B-ETIS -Input voltage: 400V 50-60Hz -Power: 24V/70A Iijdpsqux Nwjfx Aphsh -Dimensions: 500/500/H730 mm -Weight: 55 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1971, height of centers: 265 mm center distance: 1500 mm max. circulation-Ø over bed: über Bett 540 mm spindle boring: 65 mm spindle retainer: Gr. 8 retainer taper tailstock: 5 MK spindle speed: 9 - 1800 rpm forwarding feed: längs/plan 0,063-2,24/0,032-1,12 mm/U Isdpeurirdofx Apheih thread pitch: 0,35 - 560 mm electrical connection: 380 V, 11 kW space needed: 4580 x 1250 x 1330 mm weight: 3200 kg

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, empty load weight: 3 kg, Distribution container, 45 liters, 600x400x275 mm Internal dimensions: 528 x 328 x 238 mm Closed bottom Ijdpfx Aot T Dt Ssphjih Closed sides Solid handles Container color: gray With a two-part hinged lid, black Pallet of 96 pieces: €8.80 Delivery to the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and the rest of Europe. Transportation costs are available upon request and depend on the order volume and the distance to the delivery address. Pick-up in Gemert (NL) is also possible. Please contact us via email, WhatsApp, or phone.

Condition: new, max. width of grinding wheel 145 mm diameter / bore of grinding wheel 300 mm Iedpfx Apsuayymehsih Flange taper Reishauer 0 grinding wheel size 300x145x160 mm Beam flange (machine type Reishauer RZ 400/800/1000) + including grinding disc T1SP 300x145x160 M1 EW20° 2GG from the company 3M Ceramic grinding discs for tooth flank grinding - 145 mm wide Dimensions according to machine type Reishauer Profiling according to specification module m, running speed gg, pressure angle EW Advantages: - Grinding burn risk is close to zero - Up to 50% shorter sanding times - 2-fold reduction in dressing effort - Twice the service life of grinding discs - Continuous, consistent sanding performance - Significantly higher sanding parameters than with standard tools

Condition: new, max. width of grinding wheel 145 mm diameter / bore of grinding wheel 300 mm Flange taper Reishauer 0 grinding wheel size 300x145x160 mm Beam flange (machine type Reishauer RZ 400/800/1000) + including grinding disc T1SP 300x145x160 M 2,25 EW20° 3GG from the company 3M Ceramic grinding discs for tooth flank grinding - 145 mm wide Dimensions according to machine type Reishauer Profiling according to specification module m, running speed gg, pressure angle EW Advantages: - Grinding burn risk is close to zero - Up to 50% shorter sanding times - 2-fold reduction in dressing effort - Twice the service life of grinding discs - Continuous, consistent sanding performance - Significantly higher sanding parameters than with standard tools Iedpfx Asuayyyophoih

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Mettler Toledo ReactIR-4000 AUTOCHEM Spectrometer S-1206-0900A MCT Mid-Band Detector FTIR Analyzer Lab with S-1506-0001A Power Supply with Software. In situreal-time data collection- Investigate chemistry and processes in real-time, directly in reactor. Mid-infrared technology - Deduce reaction pathways, mechanisms and kinetics with the spectral information. ReactIRTMReaction Analysis Software - Determine reaction performance, conversion, completion. Analyze and monitor virtually all classes of chemical reactions. Sealed Optics - Operates safely in fume hoods, mounted either on bench top or wall. CompactTower Design - Preserves valuable lab space. Product Specifications: Mid FTIR (4800 to 450 cm-1) analyzer Compact size Sealed optics Temperature stabilized Pinned in-place detector modules Iijdpfsua Hdrox Aphsh Good working condition. Please check out our other listings as well.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2017, Siemens BD2 BD-2 busbar - busbar system Compatible with the Klöckner Möller BD 2 rail including connector, end cap and holder Iiodpfscumxcex Aphjh Type BD2 - 400 amp - 5 pole (L1 L2 L3 N PE) Are available : 41.6 running meters (13x 3.2m) 400A rail, almost as good as new 19.2 running meters (6x 3.2m) 630A rail, used (Klöckner Möller) Voltage Ui max. 660V, frequency 16.66 - 60 Hz Tap-off boxes with the following current strengths are also available: 25 - 50 - 125 - 160 - 250A We can offer you a complete system. Prices are per linear meter The dismantling was carried out by a qualified electrician. Busbars are in MINT condition!!!! Please inquire about lengths or accessories! Stock items, available immediately!!! ----- old Kloeckner Moeller BD1 system still available! Busbars, corner parts, feeds and outlet boxes for the old Kloeckner Moeller BD1 / BD 1 system in stock!!! Please ask ! Are you also looking for a crane system? Demag KBK systems, column slewing cranes, wall slewing cranes are available multiple times!!!!

Condition: used, centre height / mm weight 110 kg Iiodpey Suqzefx Apheh diameter 400 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, • WEMAS TURN 400-52 • Year of manufacture: 2007 • Control system: FANUC 0i-TC Iijdpfxoz Ip Nfj Apheh • Programming system: Manual Guide • Max. turning diameter: Ø 484 mm • Max. turning length: 750 mm • Spindle bore: Ø 70 mm • Rapid traverse: 24 m/min • Tool turret: VDI 30 • Hydraulic chuck • Hydraulic quick-change turret Chip conveyor

Condition: used, all stainless steel belt width 400 mm mobile mesh width 5 mm adjustable speed with air knives Ijdsz I N Rpopfx Aphjih with batter pump outside dimensions (l x w x h) : ± 1.900 x 900 x 1.900 mm with electric heating element: 3 kW - 230/400 V

Condition: used, all stainless steel hopper capacity 270L die width 400 mm usable die surface 370 x 130 mm Iodpfx Aez I N Sgjphjih maximum volume per stroke ± 1,47 kg maximum 50 strokes / minute (Depending on the product, shape, temperature and machine settings) total power 8 kW air consumption ± 300 L / min. mobile variable speed 3x400v 50hz dimensions (l x w x h) : ± 3.150 x 950 x 2.650 mm weight 1200 kg PLC control

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1990, degree of automation: manual, punching force: 20 t, Equipment: emergency stop, foot remote control, Well-maintained machine in good working order, but without any additional tools. Iodpez I Tqgjfx Aphjih

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Year of construction: 2002, lifting height: 3,766 mm, chain length: 11,300 mm, load capacity: 7,500 kg, lifting speed: 35 mm/s, fine lifting speed: 8 mm/s, power: 3.5 kW (4.76 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, 4 Verlinde Eurochain VL25 electric chain hoists, 7.5 tons (7500 kg) each. Made in France, year of manufacture 2002. Each hoist includes a lower block with hook, chain bag, and suspension eye. Details according to the nameplate: Type: VL25 7502 B1 Lifting capacity: 7500 kg 3 chain strands (lower block with 3-strand suspension) Chain: 11.3 x 31 mm Lifting speed: 2.1 m/min fast / 0.5 m/min slow (2 speeds, for precise positioning) Motor: 3.5 / 0.86 kW, 400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz FEM group 1Bm Protection class IP55, insulation class F CE Condition: used, removed from a building in working order (not yet tested by us). Repainted, shows signs of use, chain with surface rust. Cables partially cut, control panel (push buttons) not included. Sold as is, without inspection. Always have a hoist inspected before use. Iedpfx Apjz I T Eqeheih Suitable for workshops, steel construction, machine construction, and as a spare or for parts. Price per hoist. All 4 together: inquire about the package price. Collection or transport by arrangement. Prices exclude VAT. Export possible.

Condition: used, Max. saw blade diameter: 400 mm Pneumatic material clamp Iiodpfxoxn Nwlj Aphsh Manual feed

Year of construction: 2019, condition: like new (used), MUT RWO 360/400-1150 Retort Heat Treatment Furnace - Like new: hardly used - Documentation available (both electronic and physical) - Pallet with spare parts included TECHNICAL DATA System type: RWO 360/400-1150 Furnace chamber temperature: ≤ 1150 °C for max. 1 hour Operating temperature: ≤ 1100 °C, ≤ 1050 °C in a vacuum Control stability: ± 2 K Iedpfx Apoiryyajheih Temperature homogeneity: ± 6 K in the range of 600 °C to 1150 °C at the end of the stabilization period Control voltage: 230 VAC / 24 VDC Furnace working space: 360 x 400 mm Load: ≤ 50 kg Heating: Three-zone Pressure: ≤ 350 mbar Final vacuum pressure in the cold state: < 5 * 10-5 mbar in a clean, dry furnace Installation area: 900 x 1900 x 3000 mm Total system weight approx.: 1500 kg Sound pressure level: < 70 dB We assume no liability for the accuracy, completeness, and currency of the information provided.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, Kaltenbach KBS 400 NA metal bandsaw, automatic (2020) Manufacturer: Kaltenbach Type: KBS 400 NA Year of manufacture: 2020 Condition: used, very good, operational Bandsaw blade (mm): 5,730 x 41 x 1.3 mm Motor power (kW): 4 Iijdpfxszww Aus Aphjh Cutting speed (mm/min): 15-90 Bandsaw blade feed rate (m/min): 0-300 Swivel range: 115° Round stock 90°: 350 mm Round stock 45°: 350 mm Square stock 90°: 400x350 mm Square stock 45°: 315x350 mm Working height: 720 mm Weight: 3600 kg CNC-controlled cutting angle adjustment Separately driven chip brush Automatic material feed gripper with a stroke length of 2,600 mm for single stroke Hydraulic blade tensioning Electronic bandsaw blade slippage monitoring

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 235 mm, spindle bore: 52 mm, turning diameter: 400 mm, center height: 200 mm, turning length: 1,000 mm, Lathes Series PREMIUM CU 400 RD-Vario Our universal lathes and lathes with stepless speed control from the PREMIUM CU series feature a wide range of features and accessories for customers across various industries. The PREMIUM CU series allows precise adjustment of cutting speed to suit material and turning diameter – especially advantageous for non-ferrous metals, plastics, and for achieving perfect surface finishes on precision parts and fits. A notable highlight is the integrated R/L control units mounted on the tool slides, enabling simple switching between clockwise and counterclockwise spindle rotation. These replace the conventional shift rods typically found on universal lathes. The machine is equipped with electromechanical spindle brakes for extremely fast spindle stops, ensuring efficient handling. The leadscrews are fitted with overload protection. Performance Data and Specifications: Center distance: 1000 mm Center height: 200 mm Swing over bed: 400 mm Swing over cross slide: 235 mm Swing without bridge: 550 mm Bed width: 320 mm Cross slide travel: 235 mm Top slide travel: 110 mm Maximum turning tool cross-section: 25x25 mm Chuck mounting: DIN 55027 No. 6 Spindle (main spindle) taper: MK 6 mm Spindle bore: 52 mm Speed Range 1, stepless: 18 – 98 rpm Speed Range 2, stepless: 48 – 265 rpm Speed Range 3, stepless: 144 – 790 / 385 – 2120 rpm Longitudinal feeds (80): 0.015 – 0.6 mm/rev Cross feeds (80): 0.0075 – 0.3 mm/rev Metric thread pitch (40): 0.25 – 7.5 mm Metric module threads (40): 0.0625 – 1.875 mm Inch threads, TPI (40): 120 – 4 TPI Inch module threads, TPI (40): 480 – 16 TPI Tailstock quill taper: MK 4 Tailstock quill diameter: 50 mm Tailstock quill stroke: 100 mm Motor power: 7500 W Power supply: 400/50 V/Hz Total length: 2350 mm Total height: 1330 mm Weight: 1590 kg Standard Equipment: - RÖHM 3-jaw chuck - 5-piece quick-change toolholder set - Halogen machine lamp - Emergency stop button / no-voltage release - Chuck guard with safety switch - Tool slide with splash guard - Machine base / chip tray / splash wall - Tool set / operating manual / CE PREMIUM CU Series Standards: - Heavy-duty grey cast iron machine bed, excellent vibration damping Ijdpfjy Hlxfjx Aphsih - Removable bridge - Prismatic guideways - Hardened and precision-ground main spindle, high concentricity, adjustable precision bearings - Smooth-running main spindle and feed gearbox in oil bath - Gears made of case-hardened chromium-nickel steel, hardened and precision ground - Feed reverse function - Covered trapezoidal thread leadscrew, hardened, precision ground - Tool slide with locking nut - Precisely adjustable slideways - Solid tailstock with offset - Machining accuracy according to DIN standards Including 3-axis digital position display This machine is available for immediate delivery and can be viewed at our showroom in 71334 Waiblingen-Beinstein. For information on equipment, please contact us.

Condition: used, FAM Centris 400C Optitec Slicer The FAM Centris 400C Optitec high-speed slicer has been specially designed for the cheese processing industry. This centrifugal slicing machine is equipped with a hygienic, heavy-duty stainless steel motor, enabling a very high processing capacity. The machine features the patented SureShred 16C cutting head with 16 cutting stations. Its larger infeed ensures a consistent product flow to the cutting head. This in-line slicer can produce a wide range of cutting styles, including full-size or reduced-size 318 V, 432 V, and 538 V strips, as well as oval strips, wide oval strips, and half-moon shreds. Various grating heads are also available for producing fine particles, coarse particles, and granules. The machine is ideal for slicing and shredding a wide range of soft and semi-hard cheeses, including Gouda, Mozzarella, Cheddar, Beaufort, Emmental, Parmesan, and Provolone, as well as analogue and plant-based (vegan) cheeses. The machine is entirely manufactured from stainless steel. Technical Specifications Production capacity: up to 3,500 kg/h (depending on product, cutting size, and feed rate) Cut types: V-cut strips, oval strips, half-moon shreds, and strips Iiodozlgiyspfx Aphoh Cutting head included: 432V Infeed height: 1,810 mm Discharge height: 550 mm Power supply: 400 V (3+N, 50/60 Hz) Power: 15 kW Weight: 600 kg Year of manufacture: 2019 Machine dimensions (W × D × H): 1,690 × 1,000 × 1,860 mm

Year of construction: 2022, condition: as good as new (ex-display), High-pressure cleaner PTC Easypower XL D, similar to but not a Dynajet, Oertzen, Falch, Hammelmann, Woma, Uraca, Kamat, or Denjet. - Operating pressure: 400-1500 bar - Flow rate: 13-47 l/min - Engine: Yanmar Stage V 4-cylinder 4TNV88 diesel engine, 53 hp/39.5 kW, 2800 rpm - Dimensions: 1,600 x 1,320 x 1,200 mm - Dry weight: approx. 740/760 kg - High-pressure pump: HPP three-plunger pump with ceramic plungers - High-quality frame made of painted steel with corrosion protection - Covers made of stainless steel - Holder for gun with lance Iiedpsdg Ittofx Aphsh - Available as a skid with anti-vibration feet or as a trolley with industrial wheels - Includes 20 m high-pressure hose with stainless steel quick couplings, spray gun, lance, and flat jet nozzle The following models are available: Easy Power XL D 47/400 | 47 l/min, 400 bar Easy Power XL D 38/500 | 38 l/min, 500 bar Easy Power XL D 30/600 | 30 l/min, 600 bar Easy Power XL D 19/1000 | 19 l/min, 1000 bar Easy Power XL D 17/1100 | 17 l/min, 1100 bar Easy Power XL D 15/1250 | 15 l/min, 1250 bar Easy Power XL D 13/1500 | 13 l/min, 1500 bar

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 8122 TECHNICAL DATA - Cutting width: 300mm - Max. material width: 350mm - Max. cutting height: 140mm - Max. blade diameter: 400mm - Spindle diameter: 70mm - Main motor power: approx. 18.5kW - Feed motor: 1.1kW - From above: Iiedpfxez N Hhio Aphjh - 2 rows of pawls/ejectors - 2 toothed draw rollers - From below: - Guide strip - Slip roller - 2 toothed draw rollers - Blade shaft - Slip roller - 2 toothed draw rollers (outfeed) - 3 feed speed settings + stepless speed control via inverter + forward/reverse - Diameter of dust extraction nozzle: 200mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2830x1200x1720mm - Weight: 998kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Poland - Multi-blade arbor saw - DTR documentation available - Used multi-blade saw, very good condition Net price: 24,900 PLN Net price: 5,790 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.30 EUR (Prices are subject to change due to significant fluctuations)

Condition: new, The scope of delivery includes: 1x L - Corner guard, new Material color: hot-dip galvanized Leg design: corners angled Overall height: approx. 400 mm Overall width: approx. 310 mm Overall depth: approx. 180 mm Leg length (A): approx. 175 mm Leg length (B): approx. 175 mm Hole spacing: approx. 128 mm Borehole diameter: approx. 14 mm Weight per piece: approx. 6.01 kg Material thickness: 5 mm General information about the item: Ijdpfxjz Nvcpe Aphjih This item is offered for pickup only. Any additional transport or shipping of this item will incur extra costs, which can be requested separately depending on the delivery location and scope.