Used Roll Forming Line For The Production Of Guardrails for sale (40,226)

Condition: used, Pie production line. Idle for 10 years; It was fully operational when put into storage. Requires servicing/reconditioning before use. Currently untested. Ksdpfx Asw N Rz Njh Aelw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: LC560, Used Processing Line for small dairy products 2000 L/h Milk Reception and Initial Storage The Used Processing Line for Small Dairy Products 2000 L/h begins with a milk reception unit consisting of two Lactofreeze tanks and a receiving pump. Initially, operators channel raw milk into the tanks, where it remains chilled. As a result, the system ensures thermal stability before processing. Furthermore, this setup minimizes the bacterial load while allowing continuous transfer to the pasteurization stage. Pasteurization and Separation Next, the pasteurization phase uses a plate heat exchanger with a retention section and auxiliary systems, all rated for 2,000 liters per hour. Specifically, the pasteurizer rapidly heats and holds milk at a predefined temperature to eliminate pathogens. Then, the GEA WESTFALIA separator—rated at 3,000 L/h—performs cream separation. Simultaneously, the RANNIE homogenizer (1,000 L/h) reduces fat globules, thus enhancing emulsion stability and preventing cream rise. Fermentation and Coagulation Klsdpfxjw Ahg Rs Ah Asw Following thermal treatment, the milk proceeds to fermentation. Here, operators use an insulated double-wall fermentation tank with a 1,000-liter capacity and planetary agitator. Consequently, they maintain uniform bacterial activity and precise temperature control. In parallel, a 1,000-liter coagulation vat equipped with a planetary mixer initiates the curdling process. Both tanks ensure optimal protein structuring for yogurt, cheese, and cultured cream products. Cheese Processing and Draining After coagulation, the Used Processing Line for Small Dairy Products 2000 L/h continues with cheese processing. The system includes a 500-liter vat with a draining sieve and two cheese draining tables. Therefore, operators can efficiently handle large curd volumes. Moreover, these components simplify whey separation while ensuring sanitary compliance. Additionally, their design supports easy cleaning and cross-contamination prevention. Packaging Operations Once products are ready for packing, the line integrates semi-automatic and automatic solutions. First, a semi-automatic filler doses pasteurized milk into 1-liter bags. Subsequently, the yogurt cup filler automatically fills and seals 75 mm and 95 mm cups at up to 1,800 units per hour. Meanwhile, the rotary labeling machine by ETICAP (2004) applies both front and rear self-adhesive labels on cylindrical cups. Importantly, the machine ensures consistent alignment and adhesion. Date Coding, Thermal Control, and Final Packing In addition, a Videojet 1220 coder (2019) applies expiry dates onto each product via belt conveyor. Further downstream, a vacuum packaging machine handles cream and cheese portions. Thermal utilities include a 115–150 kW solid fuel boiler (2014) with dual transfer pumps. At the same time, an ice water tank (5,000 L, 2014) and a cooling unit (2018) maintain temperature consistency across the line. Laboratory and Accessories Alongside processing units, the Used Processing Line for Small Dairy Products 2000 L/h features a dedicated laboratory. Specifically, it houses analytical tools for quality control and milk analysis. Additionally, the line includes 300 plastic crates for storing and transporting yogurt cups. System Shutdown and Storage Finally, operators shut down the line in September 2023. Before dismantling, they cleaned ...

Condition: used, 70 linear meter painting chain, with clutch system for a load of many products in confined space (see video) Kledpfxsivur Ao Ah Aow 70-meter painting line with friction system for loading multiple products in a small space (see video)

Year of construction: 2000, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 1660, Production line for sandwich panels / Lewecke loading gantry The following product was manufactured on this system (alternative products possible): Sandwich elements / sandwich panels with a polystyrene core, aluminum outer layer 0.5 - 0.8 mm thick, inner layer made of hardboard/plywood 1.8 - 2.3 mm thick. Kjdpsyztygofx Ah Aelw Maximum dimensions: 2500 mm x 8000 mm Maximum total thickness: 30 mm Maximum weight: 50 kg The production line consists of: 1. Conveyor belt 2. Roller press 3. Roller conveyor, infeed, panel turner 4. Roller conveyor, outfeed, panel turner 5. OMMA glue application machine (hot-melt), roller applicator HGS_H 327, year of manufacture 2020 6. Conveyor belt 7. Roller press 8. Gantry system + 2x staging areas for sheets / top layers, vacuum handling system L/W/H 20,000mm/8,000mm/4,000mm Alternatively, available together with a vertical panel buffer – see separate listing.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 7,300 kg, total height: 1,750 mm, total length: 10,000 mm, total width: 3,750 mm, working width: 3,800 mm, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! The line can be used for the following applications: Tenoning Profile milling Window and external joinery Sliding windows & French doors Angled windows Solid cabinet doors Kledpfx Aheyt Hn Te Asw Series production with high precision TECHNICAL DETAILS Working width: 3,800 mm MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 10,000 x 3,750 x 1,750 mm Total weight: 7,300 kg EQUIPMENT Industrial heavy-duty construction Suitable for 68 mm and 90 mm profiling Operation possible by one person High repeat accuracy

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, stack height: 200 mm, paper weight (min.): 36 g/m², paper weight (max.): 160 g/m², product width (max.): 520 mm, roll diameter: 1,370 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Unwinder: Maximum production speed: 250 m/min Maximum web width: 520 mm Minimum web width: 150 mm Maximum roll diameter: 1,370 mm Maximum roll weight: 800 kg Slitter: Maximum production speed: 250 m/min Maximum web width: 520 mm Minimum web width: 150 mm Paper thickness: 36 g/m² to 160 g/m² Cutting accuracy: +/- 0.2 mm Continuously variable format setting: 4" - 25" Continuously adjustable cutting width: 5 mm to 80 mm Kljdpfx Aheyzpw Uo Asw Stack counter/stacker: Minimum stack length: 100 mm Maximum stack length: 635 mm Minimum stack width: 115 mm Maximum stack width: 720 mm Minimum stack height: 100 sheets Maximum stack height: 200 mm Maximum production speed: 250 m/min (depending on paper thickness) Paper thickness: 36 g/m² to 160 g/m² MACHINE DETAILS Unwinder: Power supply: 32 A; 400 V, N, PE Compressed air: Min. 6 bar (dry) Slitter: Power supply: 32 A; 400 V, N, PE Compressed air: Min. 6 bar (dry) Stack counter/stacker: Power supply: 35 A; 400 V, N, PE Compressed air: Min. 6 bar (dry) Folding station: Power supply: 50 A; 400 V, N, PE EQUIPMENT Electrical documentation Full flexibility for cutting and residual formats Format and length changes via operator panel Longitudinal cuts with knife holder possible Waste extraction possible (extractor not included in the system) Can stack up to two sheets simultaneously

Year of construction: 2000, condition: ready for operation (used), This Manni Sandwich Panel Production Line was manufactured in 2000. It features a discontinuous line for sandwich panels with a polyurethane core, including profiling, injection, pressing, cutting, stacking, and packaging stations. Main components include a Manni PMC 291 T press, Cannon H100 RF2 polyurethane injection system, and various Tresam profiling lines. Consider the opportunity to buy this Manni Sandwich Panel Production Line. Contact us for further details regarding this machine. Application Types Other Sheet Metal Machinery Kledpfx Ajx E Ef Noh Aew

Year of construction: 2018, condition: ready for operation (used), This MAYPRO LC2 was manufactured in 2018. It features an industrial PC with proprietary software, PLC integration, and can produce up to 2,000 pallets per 8-hour shift. Minimum and maximum pallet dimensions are 600 mm x 600 mm and 1,500 mm x 1,500 mm, respectively. It includes an automated wood feed system, multi-head nailing, and an integrated stacking system. Total installed power is 20-40 kW. Contact us for more information about this machine. Application Types Klodpfxjx Hlh Tj Ah Ajw Complete Production

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Bottled water production line for PET bottles in the following formats: 0.5 L, 1.5 L, and 2.0 L. Line output: approx. 16,000 bph The line includes the following machines: 1) KHS triblock bottling machine, filler type 45-80-10, year 1998 (approx. 20,000 bph), control: S7-200 - KHS bottle washer, Innoclean FR-EM 45 - KHS filler, Innofill EV 80 - ALCOA KUPI 10/540 capper (max. 25,000 bph) 2) KRONES Contiroll 745 labeller, year 2000 (16,000 bph), control: S7-300 3) Shrink packer with tunnel – ZVT PSP 032 S, year 1998 4) Bottle liquid level inspection device – METEC Promecon 2000 5) Set of KHS Innoline slat conveyors – several dozen linear metres, including curves and dividers The machines are used, regularly serviced, and require a technical inspection before recommissioning. Currently dismantled and stored in containers, ready for transport. Kodpfswv Trlsx Ah Aslw The line is prepared for reassembly – each element is marked with a unique identification number.

Condition: used, HESS RH500 1998r control panel 2 moulds hydraulics conveyor Klodpfx Ahjyx Hx Re Ajw

Condition: used, A fully assembled and working pellet production line with a capacity of up to 3 tons per hour is for sale. The factory is little used – only 16,000 tons were produced, it is in very good technical and visual condition. Ideal for professional production of pellets from wood biomass, agrobiomass or other raw materials. No additional premises are required for the installation of the plant, the pellet press is already built into the container. The line includes: Press and mill: Salmatec Maxima 700 – reliable German quality with high efficiency and long-term stability. Transport and dosing equipment: Rematec – robust and accurate material supply at all stages. Tent shelter. Additional equipment: cyclones, sieves, cooler, control panel, etc. All DWG files, drawings for the foundations of the equipment are available. Main advantages: Large production capacity – up to 3 t/h. High quality components from European manufacturers. Ability to adapt to usage of different raw materials. Kjdpfx Ahjx S Egmj Aelw Line in working order – can be demonstrated in operation. Available immediately.

Condition: used, Complete pellet production line with a maximum capacity of up to 5 tons per hour (limited by dryer capacity). Pellet Presses (3 units): CPM 7122 CPM 7922-2 CPM 7930-4 (only ~200 working hours) Hammer Mills (3 units): Maier hammer mill for wet material Maier hammer mill for dry material Kamas hammer mill (for burner material production) Cooling System: CPM pellet cooler Kodsyvz Afepfx Ah Aolw Additional Information: Electrical and control systems are fully integrated into container units Production line has been in operation for approximately 2 years Belt conveyor, reception hopper 4 kW Dryer: distributor reception hopper 2,2 kW Conveyor belt, reception hopper 2,2 kW Worm conveyor for drum dryer 2,2 kW Drum dryer 7,5 kW Main cyclone 90 kW Sluice head cyclone 7,5 kW Fan cyclone 18,5 kW 1 Sluice cyclone 1 2,2 kW Sluice cyclone 2 0,55 kW Sluice cyclone 3 0,55 kW Worm conveyor for cyclones 1-3 3 kW Hammer mill – Maier 160 kW Hammar mill for dust burner – Kamas 110 kW Hammar mill for woodchips – Maier 132 kW Worm screw for elevator 4 kW Elevator for buffer pocket 7,5 kW Buffer pocket high/low 8/4,5 kW Scraper conveyor for the presses 2,2 kW Worm screw for dust mill 2,2 kW Press 1 CPM: Model: 7122 Main engine 160 kW Cascade mixer 7,5 kW Feeding screw 2,2 kW Oil lubrication 1,5 kW Grease lubrication 0,18 kW Press 2 CPM: Model: 7922-2 Main engine 250 kW 200 kW Cascade mixer 7,5 kW Feeding screw, frequency converted 2,2 kW Oil lubrication 1,5 kW Feeding screw 4 kW Press 3 CPM: Model: 7930-4 Work only 200 hours Main engine 250 kW Cascade mixer 7,5 kW Feeding screw 2,2 kW Oil lubrication 1,5 kW Oil cooler 2,2 kW Grease lubrication 0,18 kW Conveyor for warm pellets 2,2 kW Belt conveyor to the refrigerator 2,2 kW Pellet refrigerator, outflow 1,5 kW Fan for the pellet refrigerator 11 kW Fan for the suction 5,5 kW Elevator 2,2 kW Belt conveyor 1,5 kW Belt conveyor 4 kW Combustion air fan 45 kW Conveyor fan 22 kW Conveyor fan 11 kW Silo filter 0,04 kW Filter fan 4 kW Screw for dust silo 2,2 kW Driving motor for dust silo 1,1 kW Oil pump 1,5 kW Dosing screw 0,75 kW Sluice feeder 0,37 kW

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 2,000 h, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, working width: 400 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, power: 15 kW (20.39 HP), Fast and efficient UV drying tunnel for oils and lacquers. Delivers instant curing and a durable, high-quality finish. Equipped with adjustable UV lamps (50–100%) and a heat- and UV-resistant INOX mesh belt. Lamp type and configuration (mercury or gallium, 5 kW each) available on request. Kodpfx Ahexuibke Aelw Before sale, the machine is fully cleaned, serviced, and tested.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, total length: 700 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, total height: 1,350 mm, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 380 V, working width: 1,300 mm, The DRM model offers the most economic single roller coater for smaller or start-up companies looking to oil wooden floorboards. This machine is specifically designed for the application of oil and glue. The machine is fully operational without any functional defaults. The machine comes with two new glue trays. Klodpfxsxdxf Rs Ah Ajw Contact us for a quote, or visit our Test Center for a free demo.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 8 h, functionality: fully functional, total length: 700 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, total height: 1,350 mm, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 380 V, working width: 1,300 mm, The DRM model offers the most economic single roller coater for smaller or start-up companies looking to oil wooden floorboards. This machine is specifically designed for the application of oil and glue. With just 8 operating hours, this machine is as good as new. Kljdpfxsxdxabo Ah Asw Contact us for a quote, or visit our Test Center for a free demo.

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Paper production line consisting of stock preparation, paper machine, inline coaters, offline coater, calander, reeler, offline calanders and slitter winders. Various updates including headbox, top former, press section, offline coater, Voith speedsizer, Voith jet coaters and steambox & ceramic rolls. Characteristics: Capacity: max ~ 240000 T/pa Width: 4800 mm Grammage: 40 – 170 gr/m2 Kedpovptqiofx Ah Aolw Speed: max 1165 m/min

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Paper production line consisting of stock preparation, paper machine, inline coaters, calander, reeler, offline calander, slitter winders and reel packer. Fully upgraded by Valmet in 2019, including formmaster, topformer, shoepress, pre-dryer section, inline coating, multinip calender and reeler. Characteristics: Capacity: max ~ 350000 T/pa Width: 7500 mm Kljdevptbuopfx Ah Aew Grammage: 35 – 170 gr/m2 Speed: max 1400 m/min

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1983, Continuous Butter Making Machine (CBM). Brand : Simon Freres Type : MD1119 C Year : 1983 Capacity : 2.000 kg per hour butter output Input : ± 4,000 liters of cream 38-42% fat With accessories: - Water and culture dosing system - Vacuum pump - Controls - Piping 1 x Butter Silo Butter capacity: 2.000 kg With 2x Butter Pumps: Waukesha type: 130U1 Motor: 5.5 kW CIP return pump Description: Butter production line. Still located at the factory in Belgium. Operating principle of the production line: Klsdeydnzpspfx Ah Ajw Continuous butter making machine. A cream pump transports the cream from the buffer tanks to the CBM. The CBM is capable of converting 4.000 liters of cream into 2.000 kg of butter. It also features a recirculation system for cooling and injecting buttermilk, a vacuum section, and injection pumps for culture and brine. Furthermore, it includes a buttermilk cooler, buttermilk and CIP pumps, a collection tank, valves, piping, and all the necessary controls. After the butter is made in the CBM, it is pumped into the Egli butter silo, which includes two Waukesha outlet pumps to transport the butter to the filling machines.

Year of construction: 2004, condition: excellent (used), The complete line includes: 1. GUSBI – 24 Station rotary table with PU ( polyurethane ) robot applicator. Brand : GUSBI Italy Model : PF24 Serial no. 4625 Year of production : 2004 Number of station : 24 Size of each station : 600mm x 500mm Power – 30 KW Pneumatic – 500nl/min by 8bar Output / shift 8h – 2.000 – 3.500 pcs. – depends on size and quantity filter on each station 2. Automatic Rotary Pleating Machine Brand : SAS Italy Model: PANELFILTER Type : 350/190 Power – 3,5 KW Pneumatic – 6 bar – minimal consumption Year of production 2004 Ksdpfegcvc Tex Ah Aolw No. of rotary rollers / blades / sets – 8 pcs. - pleat height 20mm - pleat height 28mm - pleat height 32mm - pleat height 36mm - pleat height 38mm - pleat height 40mm - pleat height 48mm - pleat height 53mm - pleat height 60mm Machine is design ready for trapezoidal pleat pack. 3. Hot Melt dispenser / applicator : Brand : NORDSON USA Type : VA 025-4FFXX4, 400V Model : Versa Blue 8036-189 Serial no. LU04B01511 Year of production 2004 Tank size for HM : 50kg No of heads – 3 Power - 11 KW Pneumatic – 6 bar – minimal consumption 4. Aluminium moulds - 131 pcs. for 100 types of diffrent automotive air panel filters. Additional we offer transfer of know how & trainning.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: AN2018080, total length: 12,860 mm, total width: 4,806 mm, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, feed length X-axis: 3,000 mm, working width: 350 mm, power: 25 kW (33.99 HP), TRC 1500 – Timber Repair & Cosmetic Machine Technical Description • System Overview • Process Workflow System Overview The Wintersteiger TRC 1500 is a fully automated industrial system designed to detect, repair defects in wooden boards. It combines advanced 3D scanning, high-pressure thermoplastic injection technology to deliver consistent, high-quality repairs at production speed. Defects are repaired with thermoplastic filling material using injection and application units. No filling material is wasted thanks to the precise calculation of the filling quantity and precision injection. the edges can also be filled. Key Features • Automated 3D laser triangulation defect detection • High-pressure thermoplastic injection for durable repairs • Precision finishing unit for cosmetic perfection • Independent melt temperature zones with 8 kg tank • Closed glycol-water cooling system for controlled solidification • Ethernet-based control system with remote maintenance Kodpfx Ahox Dmdho Aslw • Unlimited product profiles and intuitive scanner interface Product Range (Workpiece Specifications) Length 500–3000 mm Width 100–350 mm Thickness 3–30 mm Production speed upto 10 m/min – depending on number and sizes of defects Filling System – Injection & Application Units • Injection Unit: • 3-axis positioning (X/Y servo-driven, Z pneumatic) • Pressure-regulated melt feed • High-pressure injection • Application Unit: • 3-axis control • Fine finishing of repaired areas Faulty Spot Eye Scanner • 3D laser triangulation and high-speed camera system. • Detects defects from approx. 1 mm depth • Automatic height adjustment • 2D + 3D measurement • Adjustable parameters for wood types Melting Unit • 8 kg tank • Independent temperature zones • Integrated piston pump for constant pressure Cooling Unit • Closed glycol-water circuit • Stable temperature control Control System • Ethernet-based communication with remote maintenance • Access to PLC, scanner, servo drives • Energy-efficient regenerative drive technology Scanner Software • Processes 3D light-section profiles • Calculates defect volume and coordinates • Unlimited product programs • Intuitive operator interface High-Pressure Injection Process 1. Melting of thermoplastic material 2. Pressure and temperature regulation 3. Targeted injection into defect 4. Immediate cooling 5. Minimal surface residue • Benefits: • Low material usage • Excellent adhesion • No alteration of surrounding wood structure System Architecture • Melting unit • Heated hoses • Injection head • Cooling plate • Cooling unit with supply/return flow

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, total length: 3,900 mm, total width: 1,450 mm, total height: 1,500 mm, overall weight: 1,500 kg, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, working width: 600 mm, Equipment: type plate available, For Sale: Kedpjx Eb Abjfx Ah Aelw 2x Tromp Make-up, Rolling and Cutting Unit Machines These machines can be integrated into a laminating line, for example in a Tromp, Rademaker, or Fritsch line, etc. Inspection on location is possible. Specifications: - Length x Width x Height (each): 3900 mm x 1450 mm x 1500 mm - Conveyor belt - Module for dough rolling (for baguettes, etc.) - The module can be lifted if no rolled products are needed - Flour duster - Cutting unit for smaller rolled products - Moulder for dividing into 4 dough pieces - Mechanically adjustable height - Almost as new, well maintained - Delivered complete - Belt width: 650 mm - Working width: 600 mm - Output width / exit working width: 1x 800 mm and 1x 900 mm Price per unit: €50,000 Transport upon agreement If you have any questions or comments, please let us know. Best regards, Leo Holland

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, For Sale: Very good condition. Industrie Rex I + spreading belts + hopper with oil lubrication 5/4 row range: 40 - 100 grams Siemens S7 program completely complete Klsdpfew Ebw Iex Ah Aew Videos available showing operation It is possible to inspect the machine at our location. If you have any questions or remarks, please feel free to contact us. Transport by arrangement Kind regards, Leo Holland

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, This line is designed for the production of all types of juices and compotes. It is engineered for continuous processing of the final product, with adjustable capacity up to 2,500 l/h for juices and up to approximately 700 l/h for apple compote. For products with viscosities between juices and compotes (such as purées), throughput ranges from approximately 700 to 1,500 l/h. The line is suitable for a wide variety of applications, including pomegranate juice, apple compote, and similar products. The processing line is capable of heating the selected flow from an adjustable inlet temperature between 30°C/50°C (or as low as 20°C for juices) up to a pasteurisation temperature of 95°C, before cooling the product down for pouch filling, with a setpoint temperature at 75/80°C. INCLUDES: - LOAD CELLS FOR ACCURATE DOSING/MIXING - AUTOMATIC CIP CLEANING SYSTEM - MULTITUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER THE LINE CONSISTS OF: - 2 TANKS: - BRAND: SACOME - AGITATOR MOTOR POWER: 2 HP EACH - MANHOLE INCLUDED - EQUIPPED WITH STAINLESS STEEL VACUUM PUMP Klodpfjynkgcox Ah Asw - TOTAL TANK HEIGHT: 1.90 M - INTERNAL DIAMETER: 1.18 M - CAPACITY: 2,000 LITRES (EACH) - 1 DEAERATOR TANK: - BRAND: SACOME - CAPACITY: 700 LITRES - 45° CONICAL BOTTOM - SIDE MANHOLE INCLUDED.

Year of construction: 2003, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, CONTINUOUS HUMP BACK BRAZING LINE FOR STAINLESS STEEL TECHNICAL INFORMATIONS: - Type: Hump Back Mesh Melt Continuous Furnace Line - Process : Brazing (Stainless steel) - Total Length : 28.800mm - Heating Zone : 5200mm - Band width : 650mm - Band speed : Max. 1200mm/min Min : 100mm/min - Capcity : 420kg/h netto - Heating : With Natural gas - Total Heating Power : 400kW Brut Kledjx Ux Sbjpfx Ah Asw - Heating Elements : x10 WS Burners - Controlled zone : 4 - Max Temp. : 1130 C - Athmosphere : Nitrogen / Hydrogen - Control : Demig / Siemens

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, CNC Profiling Center Weinig Conturex 2 for milling, drilling, and sawing in cross and longitudinal machining Type C 124 Year of manufacture: 2011 Very good condition Oertli tool set Working width: 40–260 mm Working height: 25–150 mm PowerGrip clamping table, table support length: 2 x 2280 mm Kledsypb Adepfx Ah Ajw Workpiece length without repositioning cycle: 220–2700 mm Workpiece length with repositioning cycle: 2700–4500 mm Workpiece length with multiple repositioning cycles: 4500–6000 mm