Used Gerd Wolff Bolster Plate for sale (12,390)

Condition: new, table length 3000 mm table width 1500 mm table height 200 mm weight 1500 kg Manufacturer: GERD WOLFF Technical Details: Lsdpfoymf Rtox Agrsrt • Length 3000 mm • Width 1500 mm • Height 200 mm • Weight 1500 kg • Hole diameter 28 mm • Hole spacing 100 mm • Plate thickness: 25mm Advantages and Features: • 3-day gas nitriding process • Increased corrosion resistance • Weld spatter adhesion protection • Maximum load capacity • Enhanced fatigue strength • Improved vibration resistance • Fine scale engraving • Reinforcement with welded seams and ribs on the underside • Optimal working height of 820-865 mm • 8 height-adjustable support legs • Available with a matching accessory set (optional) Our welding tables are manufactured using HT 300 cast iron and are nitrided as a whole after mechanical processing. Furthermore, they feature precise fine scale engraving using laser technology. To ensure adequate stability, our welding tables are reinforced with welded seams and ribs on the underside (see illustrations). Additionally, they undergo a 3-day gas nitriding process, enhancing their corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and vibration resistance, among other factors. All our tables come with adjustable legs. The minimum height adjustment range is 620 mm, while the maximum is 665 mm, allowing for a variable working height of 820 to 865 mm. Additional available dimensions: • 1000 x 1000 x 200 • 2000 x 1000 x 200 • 1200 x 1200 x 200 • 1500 x 1000 x 200 • 1500 x 1500 x 200 • 1500 x 2000 x 200 • 2000 x 3000 x 200 • 3000 x 1500 x 200 • 3000 x 2000 x 200 • 4000 x 2000 x 200 Please note that the images are not to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Our welding tables are produced for our distribution brand "GERD WOLFF Maschinenfabrik" by a reputable manufacturer. 3D Welding Table - 3D Clamping Fixtures - 3D Precision Welding Table

Condition: new, plate depth 6000 mm plate width 1100 mm plate height 200 mm weight of the machine ca. 4100 kg required space 6000 x 1100 x 200 mm GERD WOLFF clamping plate 6000 x 1100 x 200 mm If you cannot find your desired size, simply send us an email with the completed PDF form. We can then provide you with a custom plate tailored to your requirements. T-slots - width: 42 x 22 mm T-slot spacing: 200 mm Number of slots: 5 Edge distance: 125 mm Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III Ljdpfx Agey S Dnvsrert Keywords: Clamping plate, Machine table, Workpiece clamping, Fixing holes, Clamping system, Tool clamping surface, Clamping device, T-slot plate, Precision plate, Modular clamping plate, Hole system, Mounting plate, Workpiece fixation, CNC machine clamping plate, Machine base

Condition: new, plate width 1000 mm plate depth 700 mm plate height 2000 mm weight of the machine ca. 1800 kg required space 1000 x 700 x 2000 mm The GERD WOLFF clamping bracket, with overall dimensions of 1000 x 700 x 2000 millimetres, is equipped with a T-slot plate. If you have not found the size you require, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form. We can use this to produce a customised panel for you. T-slots - width: 22 and 38 millimetres Lsdpfxey S D D De Agrsrt Panel thickness: 50 millimetres Number of grooves: 8 Surface finished according to DIN 876/III Weight: 1800 kg Material: EN-GJL-250 The cast iron grade EN-GJL-250, characterised by lamellar graphite, is characterised by high thermal conductivity, excellent damping properties and good dimensional stability. This material also combines good machinability with high compressive strength and vibration-damping properties. EN-GJL-250 is particularly suitable for mechanically stressed machine components, as it is also easy to machine and has an outstanding surface finish. Clamping cube - T-slot plates - Plate field

Condition: new, table length 4000 mm table width 2000 mm table height 200 mm weight 2400 kg Manufacturer: GERD WOLFF Technical Details: • Length 4000 mm • Width 2000 mm • Height 200 mm • Weight 2400 kg • Hole diameter 28 mm • Hole spacing 100 mm • Plate thickness: 25mm Advantages and Features: • 3-day gas nitriding process • Increased corrosion resistance • Weld spatter adhesion protection • Maximum load capacity • Enhanced fatigue strength • Improved vibration resistance • Fine scale engraving • Reinforcement with welded seams and ribs on the underside • Optimal working height of 820-865 mm • 8 height-adjustable support legs • Available with a matching accessory set (optional) Our welding tables are manufactured using HT 300 cast iron and are nitrided as a whole after mechanical processing. Furthermore, they feature precise fine scale engraving using laser technology. To ensure adequate stability, our welding tables are reinforced with welded seams and ribs on the underside (see illustrations). Additionally, they undergo a 3-day gas nitriding process, enhancing their corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and vibration resistance, among other factors. All our tables come with adjustable legs. The minimum height adjustment range is 620 mm, while the maximum is 665 mm, allowing for a variable working height of 820 to 865 mm. Additional available dimensions: • 1000 x 1000 x 200 • 2000 x 1000 x 200 • 1200 x 1200 x 200 • 1500 x 1000 x 200 • 1500 x 1500 x 200 • 1500 x 2000 x 200 • 2000 x 3000 x 200 • 3000 x 1500 x 200 • 3000 x 2000 x 200 Lsdpfx Ajymf H Uegrsrt • 4000 x 2000 x 200 • 2400 x 1200 x 200 Please note that the images are not to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Our welding tables are produced for our distribution brand "GERD WOLFF Maschinenfabrik" by a reputable manufacturer. 3D Welding Table - 3D Clamping Fixtures - 3D Precision Welding Table

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, table length 1000 mm table width 2000 mm table height 200 mm weight 650 kg Manufacturer: GERD WOLFF Lrodpfxeymf I Sj Agrst Technical Details: • Length 2000 mm • Width 1000 mm • Height 200 mm • Weight 650 kg • Hole diameter 28 mm • Hole spacing 100 mm • Plate thickness: 25mm Advantages and Features: • 3-day gas nitriding process • Increased corrosion resistance • Weld spatter adhesion protection • Maximum load capacity • Enhanced fatigue strength • Improved vibration resistance • Fine scale engraving • Reinforcement with welded seams and ribs on the underside • Optimal working height of 820-865 mm • 4 height-adjustable support legs • Available with a matching accessory set (optional) Our welding tables are manufactured using HT 300 cast iron and are nitrided as a whole after mechanical processing. Furthermore, they feature precise fine scale engraving using laser technology. To ensure adequate stability, our welding tables are reinforced with welded seams and ribs on the underside (see illustrations). Additionally, they undergo a 3-day gas nitriding process, enhancing their corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and vibration resistance, among other factors. All our tables come with adjustable legs. The minimum height adjustment range is 620 mm, while the maximum is 665 mm, allowing for a variable working height of 820 to 865 mm. Additional available dimensions: • 1000 x 1000 x 200 • 2000 x 1000 x 200 • 1200 x 1200 x 200 • 1500 x 1000 x 200 • 1500 x 1500 x 200 • 1500 x 2000 x 200 • 2000 x 3000 x 200 • 3000 x 1500 x 200 • 3000 x 2000 x 200 • 4000 x 2000 x 200 • 2400 x 1200 x 200 Please note that the images are not to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Our welding tables are produced for our distribution brand "GERD WOLFF Maschinenfabrik" by a reputable manufacturer. 3D Welding Table - 3D Clamping Fixtures - 3D Precision Welding Table

Condition: new, plate width 1500 mm plate depth 1500 mm plate height 600 mm weight 2265 kg GERD WOLFF clamping cube 1500 x 1500 x 600 mm Lrsdpoymf Niofx Agrot Also available in 800 mm version (H1154). If you cannot find your desired size, simply send us an email with the completed PDF form. We can then provide you with a custom plate tailored to your requirements. T-slot size: 38 x 22 T-slot spacing: 140 Number of slots: 13 Edge distance: 120 Weight: 2265 kg Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/II Clamping cube, Cubic clamping table, Multi-sided clamping, Angle clamping cube, Precision cube, CNC clamping cube, Clamping angle, Machine cube, 90-degree clamping device, Drilling cube, Modular clamping cube, Workpiece positioning, Mounting cube, Fixing cube, Clamping block

Condition: new, table length 2400 mm table width 1200 mm table height 200 mm material thickness 25 mm weight 920 kg Manufacturer: GERD WOLFF Technical Details: • Length 2400 mm • Width 1200 mm • Height 200 mm • Weight 920 kg • Hole diameter 28 mm • Hole spacing 100 mm • Plate thickness: 25mm Advantages and Features: • 3-day gas nitriding process • Increased corrosion resistance • Weld spatter adhesion protection • Maximum load capacity • Enhanced fatigue strength • Improved vibration resistance • Fine scale engraving • Reinforcement with welded seams and ribs on the underside • Optimal working height of 820-865 mm • 6 height-adjustable support legs • Available with a matching accessory set (optional) Our welding tables are manufactured using HT 300 cast iron and are nitrided as a whole after mechanical processing. Furthermore, they feature precise fine scale engraving using laser technology. To ensure adequate stability, our welding tables are reinforced with welded seams and ribs on the underside (see illustrations). Additionally, they undergo a 3-day gas nitriding process, enhancing their corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and vibration resistance, among other factors. All our tables come with adjustable legs. The minimum height adjustment range is 620 mm, while the maximum is 665 mm, allowing for a variable working height of 820 to 865 mm. Additional available dimensions: • 1000 x 1000 x 200 • 2000 x 1000 x 200 • 1200 x 1200 x 200 • 1500 x 1000 x 200 • 1500 x 1500 x 200 • 1500 x 2000 x 200 • 2000 x 3000 x 200 • 3000 x 1500 x 200 • 3000 x 2000 x 200 Lrodpeynbmmefx Agret • 4000 x 2000 x 200 Please note that the images are not to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Our welding tables are produced for our distribution brand "GERD WOLFF Maschinenfabrik" by a reputable manufacturer. 3D Welding Table - 3D Clamping Fixtures - 3D Precision Welding Table

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, table length 1000 mm table width 1000 mm table height 200 mm weight 300 kg Manufacturer: GERD WOLFF Website: Technical Details: Lsdpfxjy S D Nao Agrsrt • Length 1000 mm • Width 1000 mm • Height 200 mm • Weight 300 kg • Hole diameter 28 mm • Hole spacing 100 mm • Plate thickness: 25mm Advantages and Features: • 3-day gas nitriding process • Increased corrosion resistance • Weld spatter adhesion protection • Maximum load capacity • Enhanced fatigue strength • Improved vibration resistance • Fine scale engraving • Reinforcement with welded seams and ribs on the underside • Optimal working height of 820-865 mm • 4 height-adjustable support legs • Available with a matching accessory set (optional) Our welding tables are manufactured using HT 300 cast iron and are nitrided as a whole after mechanical processing. Furthermore, they feature precise fine scale engraving using laser technology. To ensure adequate stability, our welding tables are reinforced with welded seams and ribs on the underside (see illustrations). Additionally, they undergo a 3-day gas nitriding process, enhancing their corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and vibration resistance, among other factors. All our tables come with adjustable legs. The minimum height adjustment range is 620 mm, while the maximum is 665 mm, allowing for a variable working height of 820 to 865 mm. Additional available dimensions: • 1000 x 1000 x 200 • 2000 x 1000 x 200 • 1200 x 1200 x 200 • 1500 x 1000 x 200 • 1500 x 1500 x 200 • 1500 x 2000 x 200 • 2000 x 3000 x 200 • 3000 x 1500 x 200 • 3000 x 2000 x 200 • 4000 x 2000 x 200 • 2400 x 1200 x 200 Please note that the images are not to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Our welding tables are produced for our distribution brand "GERD WOLFF Maschinenfabrik" by a reputable manufacturer. 3D Welding Table - 3D Clamping Fixtures - 3D Precision Welding Table

Condition: new, plate width 1000 mm plate depth 1000 mm plate height 300 mm weight 975 kg GERD WOLFF clamping plate 1000 x 1000 x 300 mm If you cannot find the size you need, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form (attached). This way, we can manufacture a clamping plate according to your requirements. T-slot size: 52 x 28 T-slot spacing: 300 Number of slots: 3 Lredpfx Asyk Ilhjgrot Edge distance: 200 Weight: 975 kg Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface treatment according to DIN 876 / III

Condition: new, plate width 3000 mm plate depth 1500 mm plate height 300 mm weight 3580 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 3000 x 1500 x 300 mm GERD WOLFF clamping plate 3000 x 1500 x 300 mm If you cannot find the size you need, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form (attached). This way, we can manufacture a clamping plate according to your requirements. Lsdpfx Ajyk Ik Degrort T-slot size: 52 x 28 T-slot spacing: 300 Number of slots: 5 Edge distance: 150 Weight: 3580 kg Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III

Condition: new, plate width 1500 mm plate depth 1500 mm plate height 150 mm weight 1300 kg GERD WOLFF clamping plate 1500 x 1500 x 150 mm If you cannot find your desired size, simply send us an email with the completed PDF form. We can then provide you with a custom plate tailored to your requirements. T-slots - width: 45 x 22mm T-slot spacing: 250mm Number of slots: 6x6 Edge distance: 125mm Lrsdpfxsyk Iite Agret Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III Keywords: Clamping plate, Machine table, Workpiece clamping, Fixing holes, Clamping system, Tool clamping surface, Clamping device, T-slot plate, Precision plate, Modular clamping plate, Hole system, Mounting plate, Workpiece fixation, CNC machine clamping plate, Machine base

Condition: new, plate width 4000 mm plate depth 1500 mm plate height 310 mm weight 4930 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 4000 x 1500 x 310 mm GERD WOLFF clamping plate 4000 x 1500 x 310 mm If you cannot find the size you need, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form (attached). This way, we can manufacture a clamping plate according to your requirements. T-slot size: 52 x 28 T-slot spacing: 300 Number of slots: 5 Edge distance: 150 Weight: 4930 kg Casting quality HT250 Lsdpfxjymf T Uj Agrsrt Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface treatment according to DIN 876 / III

Condition: new, plate width 2000 mm plate depth 4000 mm plate height 150 mm weight 3900 kg Clamping plates - T-slot plates - plate field 4000 x 2000 x 150 mm If you have not found the size you are looking for, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form. With this we can a custom made panel for you. Number of grooves: 7 edge distance: 240mm groove spacing: 230mm Ljdpfxjyk Ik Rs Agrjrt Groove size: 22mm Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III The cover picture is for orientation only and does not represent a true-to- scale image of the plate.

Condition: new, plate width 1500 mm plate depth 1000 mm plate height 310 mm weight 1330 kg GERD WOLFF clamping plate 1500 x 1000 x 310 mm If you cannot find the size you need, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form (attached). This way, we can Lsdpfx Ajyk Ilzegrort manufacture a clamping plate for you according to your requirements. T-slot size: 52 x 28 T-slot spacing: 300 Number of slots: 5 Edge distance: 150 Weight: 1330 kg Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface treatment according to DIN 876 / III

Condition: new, plate width 3000 mm plate depth 2000 mm plate height 300 mm weight 4600 kg GERD WOLFF clamping plate 3000 x 2000 x 300 mm If you cannot find the size you need, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form (attached). This way, we can manufacture a clamping plate according to your requirements. Lrodpsyk Ikkefx Agrot T-slot size: 52 x 28 T-slot spacing: 300 Number of slots: 6 Edge distance: 100 Weight: 4600 kg Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface treatment according to DIN 876 / III

Condition: new, plate depth 2000 mm plate width 1000 mm plate height 600 mm weight 1800 kg GERD WOLFF clamping cube 2000 x 1000 x 600 mm If you cannot find your desired size, simply send us an email with the completed PDF form. We can then provide you with a custom plate tailored to your requirements. T-slot size: 38 x 22 T-slot spacing: 140 Lrjdpfoymf Uxsx Agrot Number of slots: 10 Edge distance: 80 Weight: 1800 kg Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III Keywords: Clamping cube, Cubic clamping table, Multi-sided clamping, Angle clamping cube, Precision cube, CNC clamping cube, Clamping angle, Machine cube, 90-degree clamping device, Drilling cube, Modular clamping cube, Workpiece positioning, Mounting cube, Fixing cube, Clamping block

Condition: new, plate width 2000 mm plate depth 4000 mm plate height 300 mm weight 5195 kg Lredpfx Agoyq S Exeret Clamping plates - T-slot plates - plate field 4000 x 2000 x 260 mm If you have not found the size you are looking for, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form. With this we can a custom made panel for you. edge distance: 240mm groove spacing: 230mm Groove size: 22mm Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III The cover picture is for orientation only and does not represent a true-to- scale image of the plate.

Condition: new, plate width 2000 mm plate depth 2000 mm plate height 300 mm weight 3250 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2000 x 2000 x 300 mm Clamping plate 2000 x 2000 x 300 mm If you have not found the size you want, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form. With this, we can have a plate made for you individually. Number of grooves: 7 Lrodpfxjyk Imls Agrjt Edge distance: 100 mm Groove distance: 300 mm Groove size: 28 x 52 mm Casting quality HT250 Weight: 3250 kg Flatness less than 0.12 mm. Surface machined according to DIN 876/III

Condition: new, plate width 2000 mm plate depth 1000 mm plate height 310 mm weight 1650 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2000 x 1000 x 300 mm Clamping plates - T-slot plates - panel array 2000 x 1000 x 310 mm If you have not found the size you require, you can also send us an e-mail send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form. With this we can can produce an individually manufactured panel for you. Lrsdpjymf Rmofx Agrst Number of grooves: 3 edge distance: 185mm groove spacing: 270mm Groove width: 28mm Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0,12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876 Edge distance: 185mm Groove spacing: 270mm Groove width: 28mm Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0,12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III

Condition: new, plate width 900 mm plate depth 600 mm plate height 55 mm weight 55 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 900 x 600 x 50 mm Clamping plate 900 x 600 x 55 mm If you have not found your desired size, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form. With this, we can have a plate made for you individually. Please note that (only) these plates are not symmetrical and not parallel. Lsdpfx Ajy S D Ehegrert Number of slots: 3 Distance from edge: 140 mm Slot spacing: 270 mm Slot width: 14 mm Casting quality HT250

Condition: new, table length 3000 mm table width 2000 mm table height 200 mm weight 1700 kg Manufacturer: GERD WOLFF Technical Details: • Length 3000 mm • Width 2000 mm • Height 200 mm • Weight 1700 kg • Hole diameter 28 mm • Hole spacing 100 mm • Plate thickness: 25mm Advantages and Features: • 3-day gas nitriding process • Increased corrosion resistance • Weld spatter adhesion protection • Maximum load capacity • Enhanced fatigue strength • Improved vibration resistance • Fine scale engraving • Reinforcement with welded seams and ribs on the underside • Optimal working height of 820-865 mm • 8 height-adjustable support legs • Available with a matching accessory set (optional) • Plate thickness: 25mm Our welding tables are manufactured using HT 300 cast iron and are nitrided as a whole after mechanical processing. Furthermore, they feature precise fine scale engraving using laser technology. To ensure adequate stability, our welding tables are reinforced with welded seams and ribs on the underside (see illustrations). Additionally, they undergo a 3-day gas nitriding process, enhancing their corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and vibration resistance, among other factors. All our tables come with adjustable legs. The minimum height adjustment range is 620 mm, while the maximum is 665 mm, allowing for a variable working height of 820 to 865 mm. Additional available dimensions: • 1000 x 1000 x 200 • 2000 x 1000 x 200 Ljdpjymf R Hsfx Agrort • 1200 x 1200 x 200 • 1500 x 1000 x 200 • 1500 x 1500 x 200 • 1500 x 2000 x 200 • 2000 x 3000 x 200 • 3000 x 1500 x 200 • 3000 x 2000 x 200 • 4000 x 2000 x 200 • 2400 x 1200 x 200 Please note that the images are not to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Our welding tables are produced for our distribution brand "GERD WOLFF Maschinenfabrik" by a reputable manufacturer. 3D Welding Table - 3D Clamping Fixtures - 3D Precision Welding Table

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, plate width 2500 mm plate depth 3000 mm plate height 300 mm weight / kg Clamping plates - T-slot plates - plate field Lodpfeyk Imfjx Agrort 2500 x 3000 x 300 mm If you have not found the size you need, you can also send us an e-mail send us an e-mail with the filled PDF form. With this we can to produce an individual plate for you. Number of grooves: 10 edge distance: 66mm groove spacing: 22mm Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0,12 mm. Surface machined according to DIN 876/III

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, plate width 1000 mm plate depth 5000 mm plate height 300 mm weight of the machine ca. / t required space 5000 x 1000 x 300 mm Lrodpfxsyk Ihie Agrot

Condition: new, plate depth 4000 mm plate width 2000 mm plate height 600 mm weight 6700 kg GERD WOLFF clamping cube 4000 x 2000 x 600 mm If you cannot find your desired size, simply send us an email with the completed PDF form. We can then provide you with a custom plate tailored to your requirements. T-slot size: 52 x 28 T-slot spacing: 500 Number of grooves: 8 x 8 Lredsymf I Espfx Agrjt Edge distance: 250 Weight: 6700 kg Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/II Keywords: Clamping cube, Cubic clamping table, Multi-sided clamping, Angle clamping cube, Precision cube, CNC clamping cube, Clamping angle, Machine cube, 90-degree clamping device, Drilling cube, Modular clamping cube, Workpiece positioning, Mounting cube, Fixing cube, Clamping block

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, sheet thickness - max. 8 mm Lodpfx Agexf Na Usrjrt pressure 200 t chamfer lenght 3200 mm engine output 15 kW return speed 105 mm/min working feed 9 mm/sec x-travel 600 mm Max. opening height 570 mm control DELEM DA53T GERD WOLFF KANTO 200T CNC Electro-Hydraulic Press Brake CNC axis accuracy 1) Machine sliders (Y1, Y2) – synchronisation precision: The slider movement axes control the bending depth and bending angle. The system consists of the control unit, two glass scales (Y1, Y2) installed on the work table, electro-hydraulic proportional valves and an amplifier. A closed control loop detects and controls the relative position of the slide and table as well as the speed and position of the slide. This ensures the synchronisation of the slide and maintains the bending depth and angle with high precision. Positioning accuracy: ±0.02 mm Repeatability: ±0.02 mm 2) Machine backgauge (X axis): The forward/backward movement of the X-axis controls the dimensions of the sheet metal cut. The stop bar is driven by a servo motor and moves the crossbeam via a ball screw and linear guide. Operation is stable and precise. Positioning accuracy: ±0.10 mm Repeatability: ±0.03 mm 3) Mechanical compensation system (V axis): The pull plate of the mechanical compensation is moved by a motor so that the compensation points are formed in an arc shape. The points perfectly compensate for the elastic deformation of the work table and slide to ensure angular constancy and straightness of the workpiece. Position sensors and CNC control ensure precise regulation.