Used Glogar Ultrasonic Parts Washer for sale (15,611)

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 40 h, heating capacity: 12 kW (16.32 HP), product height (max.): 60 mm, product length (max.): 60 mm, product width (max.): 60 mm, machine/vehicle number: 40017, The KSN Drum Washer 350 UST Ultrasonic is an industrial cleaning system designed for efficient and thorough parts cleaning. Combining drum washing with ultrasonic cleaning technology, the system is particularly suitable for components with complex geometries, holes and cavities, as well as applications with high cleanliness requirements. Ultrasonic cleaning uses high-frequency sound waves in liquid to effectively remove contaminants while providing a gentle cleaning process without mechanical wear. Standard equipment: Siemens PLC Grundfos pump Fully insulated construction Hodpfxjzy Euwj Anysu Automatic level and pressure monitoring You can find technical details in the PDF attached document.

Condition: excellent (used), With acid-resistant section, with high pressure nozzles, equipped with a conveyor Overall Size: 9,5 x 1,15 x 1,9 m Opening size: 530 x 250 mm Chemical tank (heated): 0,5m³ Rinse tank (heated): 0,3 m³ Drying fans: 12db Voltage: 380 V Hsdet Ity Dopfx Anyou

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, Ultrasonic washing system – ultrasonic cleaning unit Chamber made of stainless steel 1.4401 (AISI 316L) - including insulated hinged lid - including level monitoring / dry-run protection - including 1 stainless steel basket Hodskuy D Hopfx Anysu - Bottom ultrasonic transducers, frequency: 38 kHz, power (effective/peak): 1,600/3,200 watts - Heating up to 80°C, adjustable; power: 6,000 watts - Basket dimensions: L x W x H 920 x 380 x 350 mm - Tank dimensions: L x W x H 1,000 x 450 x 450 mm - External dimensions: L x W x H 1,210 x 690 x 900 mm - Max. load weight of the basket: 50 kg - Total weight of the system: 160 kg - The unit is mobile

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Ultrasonic cleaning system – ultrasonic cleaning unit Chamber made of stainless steel 1.4401 (AISI 316L) Hedpslcctgofx Anyju - including insulated hinged lid - including level monitoring/dry-run protection - including 1 stainless steel basket - Bottom-mounted ultrasonic transducers, frequency: 25 kHz, power (effective/peak): 500/1,000 watts - Heating adjustable up to 80°C; power: 5,000 watts - Basket dimensions: L x W x H 520 x 230 x 200 mm - Tank dimensions: L x W x H 600 x 300 x 270 mm - External dimensions: L x W x H 680 x 420 x 490 mm - Max. load weight of the basket: 20 kg - Unit is mobile

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2026, Ultrasonic washing system – ultrasonic cleaning device Chamber made of stainless steel 1.4401 (AISI 316L) - includes insulated hinged lid - includes level monitoring / dry-run protection - includes 1 stainless steel wire mesh basket - Bottom ultrasonic transducer, frequency: 25 kHz, power (effective/peak): 600/1,200 watts - Heating up to 80°C, adjustable; power: 2,600 watts Hodpfjlccuzjx Anyju - Basket dimensions: L x W x H 320 x 320 x 280 mm - Tank dimensions: L x W x H 420 x 400 x 350 mm - External dimensions: L x W x H 520 x 650 x 850 mm - Max. load capacity of the basket: 30 kg - Device is mobile

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Ultrasonic washing machine- ultrasonic cleaning device with attached oil separator and insulated hinged cover Floor ultrasound, frequency: 25 kHz Hsdpfsdz T Nysx Anyou Power (eff./peak): 750 / 1,500 watts Heating adjustable up to 80 ° C; Power: 4,000 watts Basket dimensions: LxWxH 570x320x250h mm Pool dimensions: LxWxH 650x400x350h mm Dimensions of the device: approx. 1200x550x750h mm max.loading weight of the basket: 30 kg 1 piece of stainless steel shopping cart is included Device is on rollers

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Function Easy handling thanks to fully automatic cleaning process. This allows professionals to focus on other important tasks. The wash tank is filled with a mixture of water and water-soluble IBS-Special Cleaner WAS (washing lye). The soiled parts are placed in the rotatable washing basket and the lid is closed. After setting the desired wash temperature and time, the device is switched on and the lye is being heated in the tank. In the closed device, the basket rotates at constant speed around its own axis. The pump aggregate draws the lye from the washing tank and transports it through 3 stainless steel nozzle tubes with overlapping flat jet nozzles. Advantage The soiled parts are radiated intensively with the hot lye from all sides in the rotating basket, driven by geared motor. After completing the cleaning process, the device switches off automatically. 1 pump arranged horizontally Specific output: 120 L/min 3 three-dimensional stainless-steel nozzle tubes robust stainless-steel design additional small parts cleaning basket made of stainless steel (Ø 170 mm) rotating washing basket made of stainless steel, driven by geared motor steam extraction screen plate with filter inlets made of stainless steel above the wash tank water indicator longer nozzle tube above and below 9 nozzles more than Mini 60 Technical data Tank capacity 80 l Basket diameter 600 mm Capacity 100 kg Temperature min. - max. 0-60 °C Dimensions (W x D x H) 945 x 830 x 1025 / 1640 mm Weight 60 kg Spray rate 7200 l/h Material Stainless steel Hodpjhct Easfx Anyju Power supply 3,9 kW / 400 V / 50 HZ Nutzhöhe 380 mm Pumpendruck 2,4 bar

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Description Function Easy handling thanks to fully automatic cleaning process. This allows professionals to focus on other important tasks. Hodpfxegx Huyj Anyju The wash tank is filled with a mixture of water and water-soluble IBS-Special Cleaner WAS (washing lye). The soiled parts are placed in the rotatable washing basket and the lid is closed. After setting the desired wash temperature and time, the device is switched on and the lye is being heated in the tank. In the closed device, the basket rotates at constant speed around its own axis. The pump aggregate draws the lye from the washing tank and transports it through 3 stainless steel nozzle tubes with overlapping flat jet nozzles. The soiled parts are radiated intensively with the hot lye from all sides with a uniform rotation of the motor-driven basket. After completing the cleaning process, the device switches off automatically. Advantage 1 pump arranged horizontally 3 three-dimensional stainless-steel nozzle tubes robust stainless-steel design additional small parts cleaning basket made of stainless steel (Ø 170 mm) rotating washing basket made of stainless steel, sprocket drive via separate motor intake filter in front of the pump shaft high injection pressure steam extraction stainless steel screen with filter basket water indicator Technical data Tank capacity 85 l Basket diameter 780 mm Capacity 150 kg Temperature min. - max. 0-60 °C Working height 500 mm Dimensions (W x D x H) 1130x1010/1220x1150/1730 mm Weight 90 kg Heizleistung 4 kW Spray rate 4800 l/h Material Stainless steel Power supply 4,8 kW/ 400 V/ 50 Hz Pumpendruck 3,1 bar

Year of construction: 2018, condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, FOR SALE: KIGO CPT-1C-3S Chemical Pre-treatment & Spray Washing Chamber For sale is a high-quality, versatile industrial chemical spray washing chamber manufactured by KIGO in 2018 (Model CPT-1C-3S). Designed for cleaning, degreasing, and surface pre-treatment of metal parts prior to coating/painting. The system handles both lighter workpieces via an overhead conveyor and heavier parts via a floor wagon. Key Features & Capabilities: 3-Stage Treatment Process: Stage 1: Degreasing (heated spray, max 50 °C, 50 kW plate heat exchanger) Stage 2: First Rinsing (heated spray, max 50 °C, 50 kW plate heat exchanger) Stage 3: Second Rinsing (ambient temperature) Flexible Workpiece Dimensions: Lighter Parts (Overhead Track): Max dimensions: 2,500 x 1,200 x 2,000 mm (L x W x H) Max load capacity: 300 kg Heavier Parts (Floor Wagon): Max dimensions: 1,500 x 1,000 x 1,000 mm (L x W x H) Max load capacity: 1,500 kg Automatic Distribution Wagon: Positioned beneath the chamber floor to automatically direct runoff back to the correct tank, preventing liquid cross-contamination. Pneumatic Doors: Air-operated doors seal the chamber tightly during spray cycles. Heavy-Duty Construction: Tanks and floor made of AISI 304 L stainless steel. Structural frame built with epoxy-painted steel profiles and 50 mm polyurethane insulated panels. Technical Specifications: Manufacturer: KIGO O.E. Model: CPT-1C-3S (Serial Number: 0304-29-FL/PP) Year of Manufacture: 2018 External Dimensions: 7,348 x 3,758 x 4,334 mm (L x W x H) Internal Chamber Dimensions: 3,300 x 1,900 x 2,585 mm (L x W x H) Tank Capacity: 3 x 1,000 liters Pumps: Ebara centrifugal pumps (3 units, 5.5 kW) & Lowara pumps (2 units) Exhaust Fan: Stainless steel vapor extraction fan, 5,000 m³/h capacity (1.5 kW motor) Control System: Central electrical control panel with touch screen interface (ECP-PT07), adjustable spray/drip-off cycle times, automatic refilling, and level sensors. Condition & Documentation: Professional-grade industrial unit built for easy maintenance. Includes complete operation and maintenance manuals along with pneumatic/electrical schematics. Hodpfxszz I Tro Anyeu

Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 8,000 h, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, product height (max.): 80 mm, product length (max.): 80 mm, product width (max.): 80 mm, machine/vehicle number: 26240, This KSN Drum Washer 250 WRD is a used industrial cleaning system designed for reliable and efficient parts cleaning. The drum washing process provides consistent cleaning results while reducing manual handling and can be integrated into existing production lines. Choosing a used KSN cleaning system offers a significantly lower investment compared to a new system, combined with proven technology, fast delivery and the possibility of customization to suit the production requirements. Hodjzy Hd Hspfx Anyeu KSN drum washers are designed for many years of operation in industrial environments. Standard equipment: Grundfos pump Fully insulated construction Automatic level and pressure monitoring Technical details can be found in the attached PDF document.

Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 50 h, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, heating capacity: 12 kW (16.32 HP), product height (max.): 100 mm, product length (max.): 100 mm, product width (max.): 100 mm, machine/vehicle number: 43865, The KSN Drum Washer 350 WRD is an industrial cleaning system designed for efficient and reliable parts cleaning in automated production environments. The system combines washing, draining, rinsing and drying in one automated process, ensuring consistent cleaning results while reducing manual handling. The rotating drum provides continuous movement of the components throughout the cleaning process, making the cleaning system particularly suitable for industrial applications requiring efficient and repeatable processing of parts. Designed for continuous operation, the Drum Washer 350 WRD can be integrated into existing production lines and contributes to increased productivity and reduced operating costs. Standard equipment: Siemens PLC Grundfos pump Hjdpfx Ajzy E Drenyeu Fully insulated construction Automatic level and pressure monitoring Technical specifications can be found in the attached PDF document.

Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 10,000 h, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, product height (max.): 100 mm, product length (max.): 100 mm, product width (max.): 100 mm, machine/vehicle number: 7614-23, This KSN Drum Washer 350 WRD is a used industrial cleaning system designed for efficient and reliable parts cleaning. The drum washing process provides consistent cleaning results while reducing manual handling and is suitable for integration into existing production lines. Choosing a used KSN cleaning system offers a significantly lower investment compared to a new system, combined with proven technology, fast delivery and the possibility of customization to suit specific production requirements. Hodszy Hktspfx Anysu KSN drum washers are designed for many years of operation in demanding industrial environments. Equipment and features: Grundfos pump Fully insulated construction Automatic level and pressure monitoring Adjustable drum speed Technical details can be found in the attached PDF document.

Year of construction: 2026, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Parts cleaning machine / spray cleaning system, type L102 Automatic hot water parts washing machine with basket drive via geared motor, 2 stainless steel washing pumps (manufacturer: Lowara), 2 rotating 3-sided spray systems. Insulation of the complete system included. - Basket diameter: 910 mm - Usable height: 520 mm - Max. load weight: 200 kg - Spray pressure: 2 x 3 bar - Tank volume: 175 liters - Heating: electrically adjustable (ambient temperature - 90°C) System dimensions (L x W x H): 1,300 x 1,250 x 1,990 mm Empty weight: approx. 300 kg Wash cycle timer, freely adjustable (minutes and hours) Complete cleaning machine (internal components and external housing) made of stainless steel 1.4301 Water circulation and loading basket made of stainless steel 1.4301 Insulation of the complete system (tank and cabinet) made of stainless steel 1.4301 Hedpfx Ansc S Tlaeyeu Mechanical lid locking Bath cover with fine filter (2,000 microns) 2 suction filters as pump protection Operating hour counter Steam extraction with condensate return Oil skimmer for bath maintenance Insulation of the complete system Parts washing machine is in new condition (test system / pilot plant) OTHER BASKET DIMENSIONS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST!!!

Year of construction: 2023, condition: excellent (used), 2023 Vixen Surface Treatments 2 Stage FL250 Industrial Parts Washer Front Pneumatic Vertical Loading Door Dimension W2,690 x H1,910mm. Voltage 400V. S/No. 3177 (2023). Please note a loading charge of £50 + VAT to be added to buyer's invoice. Hedpjzt R E Uefx Anyju With Extractor Fan, Pumps, Filtration, Signal Tower, Loading Trolley, Staging & Wash Gun. Overall Dimensions W3,300 x D4,440 x H2,800mm.

Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Parts Cleaning System / Spray Cleaning System Type CM13 2-Tank (Washing + Rinsing) including air knife blow-off Basket Diameter: 1,300 mm (octagonal) Max. load capacity: 1,000 kg Basket is loaded and unloaded by the operator using a transfer cart (detachable/mobile) positioned in front of the machine. Useful height: 800 mm Wash tank: Volume: 430 liters, Spray pressure: 6.0 bar Rinse tank: Volume: 280 liters, Spray pressure: 4.0 bar Total connected load: approx. 52 kW Control: Siemens S7-1200 with KTP700 touch panel Hsdpfx Ajv Tm Ayenyju Including the following features: + automatic water refill for both tanks + automatic chemical dosing 1-10% (Dosatron) + special spray system (can be optionally activated) for small components (= E-spray system) + side channel blower with height-adjustable air knife system (blow-off drying) + steam extraction including condensate return + weekly timer for electric heating + pre-configured for retrofitting an oil separator + media filtration via bag filter (manufacturer Eaton, Topline) in both circuits (washing and rinsing) + external cladding with stainless steel sheet + complete system fully insulated + tanks separated into two modules; fully insulated (different temperatures possible) + removable filter baskets in the return flow + stainless steel circulation pumps incl. mechanical seal and soft starter The system is exhibited at the Glogar Technology Center and is used exclusively for washing trials.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, working width: 600 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, input voltage: 400 V, total height: 1,250 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, total length: 1,080 mm, noise level: 65 dB, We offer Parts Washer PC 60/130 T for sale Catalogue number: 1.626-704.0 Hjdpfx Aowzwuzonysu Year of manufacture: 2016 All devices purchased from us come with a 12-month WARRANTY. Equipment features: • Operating hours counter • Stainless steel safety grate • Swivel castors, 2 lockable • Timer switch • Water level control Technical data: • Pressure: 1.5 / 0.15 bar / MPa • Pump performance: 4500 l/h • Connection power: 5.5 kW • Working diameter: 600 mm • Working height: 310 mm • Housing/frame: Stainless steel (1.4301) • CE certified • Heater power: 4.5 kW • Maximum temperature: 80°C • Adjustable wash time: 1 / 30 min • Load capacity: 130 kg • Sound pressure level: 65 dB(A) • Tank capacity: 100 l • Number of phases: 3 Ph • Frequency: 50 Hz • Voltage: 400 V • Dimensions (L x W x H): 1080 x 1000 x 1250 mm The washing process is fully automated, with easy operation ensured by a clear control panel and indicator lights displaying all working stages. The washing fluid temperature is maintained within the range of 35 to 80°C and is controlled via thermostat. Thanks to specially designed housing profiles (mechanical labyrinth seals), the PC 60/130 T operates without perishable rubber seals. Gas struts equipped with dampers guarantee effortless lid opening, while a ball valve enables easy draining of the cleaning fluid. The Kärcher parts washer operates in a closed-circuit system (using an electric pump) with a water-based cleaning solution instead of solvents, ensuring that the operator is not exposed to hazardous vapours.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, Glogar Ultrasonic 600H Ultrasonic Cleaning Unit Maximum tank capacity: 58 liters Basket dimensions (usable): 400 x 255 x 220h mm Tank internal dimensions: 500 x 330 x 350h mm Unit external dimensions: 670 x 580 x 936h mm Ultrasonic frequency: 25 / 45 kHz (switchable) Effective/maximum ultrasonic power: 900 / 3,600 watts Heating power: 2,800 watts Sweep function: yes Pulse function: yes Degas / Auto-degas: yes Drainage/diameter: 3/4“ Basket load capacity: 25 kg Hodpfofk Tt Iex Anyou The scope of delivery includes 1 stainless steel basket and 1 noise-reducing lid. Delivery ex works (FCA), AT-4490 St. Florian near Linz The unit is manufactured in Germany! OTHER UNIT DIMENSIONS AND DESIGNS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, Glogar Ultrasonic 1600H Ultrasonic Cleaning Device Tank capacity (max.): 162 liters Basket dimensions (usable): 480 x 525 x 300h mm Tank internal dimensions: 600 x 600 x 450h mm Device external dimensions: 885 x 850 x 936h mm Ultrasonic frequency: 25 / 45 kHz (switchable) Ultrasonic power effective / max.: 2,000 / 8,000 watts Heating power: 7,500 watts Sweep: yes Pulse: yes Degassing / Auto-degassing: yes Drain / Diameter: 3/4" Basket load: 50 kg The scope of delivery includes 1 stainless steel basket and 1 noise protection lid. Delivery ex works (FCA), AT-4490 St. Florian near Linz The device is manufactured in Germany! Hsdpfx Anjd Sfqqjysu OTHER DEVICE DIMENSIONS AND DESIGNS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 24 h, functionality: fully functional, DOLFİN-PYM2 series parts washing machines are industrial purposed parts cleaning devices that are used before and after revision, particularly in repair and maintenance services. While the parts that are placed in the device are rotated on their own axis by means of the washing basket, pressurized detergent hot water is sprayed. With the pressure, temperature and chemical effect, all oil and contamination on the part is cleaned. Since Dolfin Parts washing machines operate as closed loop, new water and new detergent are not used every time. While washing is performed for several times with the same tank, all the dirt remains in the washing cell. With this feature, it protects both nature and employees. Due to its high efficiency and performance, saves energy, water and labour. It works automatically in accordance with the temperature and time values that are set during operation. In order to load, particularly the heavy items into the washing basket or to remove them from the basket, the washing basket can be taken on a carrier trolley, in other words, from the device when required. It can be transferred to any point of the workshop with this trolley. Hodpfx Asv Sa I Tjnyju

Condition: used, Sporer PCS Aqua Jumbo Iso parts washer or automatic parts cleaning machine for the automatic cleaning and degreasing of workpieces using a heated, aqueous cleaning medium via a spray process. The machine operates as a top-loading unit with a rotating wash basket and is suitable for large and heavy components in workshops, maintenance departments and industry. The Iso version features thermal insulation to reduce energy loss. The pumps are leaking and need to be overhauled or replaced. Technical data: - Basket diameter: 1,100 mm - Usable height: 500 mm - Load capacity: max. 350 kg Hodpfx Anozry Dwjyeu - Tank capacity: 250 l - Power: 15.4 kW - Operating temperature: max. 75 °C

Year of construction: 2026, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Spray Cleaning System - Parts Washing System - NEW SYSTEM / Pilot Plant Basket dimensions (octagonal): 1,287 mm Basket diagonal: 1,393 mm Useful height: 900 mm Max. loading weight: 600 kg Tank volume: 500 liters, spray pressure: 5 bar, 400 l/min. Heatable up to 90°C System made entirely of stainless steel 1.4301 (AISI 304) and dip-pickled Including loading trolley in front of the system Included special equipment: - Steam extraction including condensate return - Automatic Water refill and level monitoring - Removable coarse filter in the return line to the wash tank - Removable basket surround - Preparation for retrofitting an oil separator - Weekly timer for heating - Electric spray pipe for optimized component cleaning Hjdpfswitvqex Anysu - Inspection hatch in the tank area - Siemens S7 1200 control system with color touch panel, manufactured by Weintek Upon request, commissioning can be carried out by qualified personnel for an additional charge.

Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 20 h, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, operating temperature: 60 °C, air pressure: 2.5 bar, conveyor belt width: 400 mm, heating capacity: 18 kW (24.47 HP), product height (max.): 200 mm, product length (max.): 800 mm, product width (max.): 400 mm, machine/vehicle number: 45664, Beltline / Conveyour Cleaning System 400 WRD is developed as a compact and efficient solution for parts washing directly in the production line. The Beltline Series is specifically designed for industrial parts washing and degreasing of components with a certain level of complexity or weight, or in applications where gentle handling is required. The energy-efficient design reduces both operating costs and manual handling, making the solution ideal for both small batch production and continuous operation. Standard equipment: Hjdezy Eqxepfx Anyeu Siemens PLC Grundfos pump Fully insulated construction Automatic level and pressure monitoring You can find technical details in the PDF attached document.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, Industrial parts washer Hodpfx Anourcxdsyou Fabr.ITS Type: Claener Bj.07.2001 .

Year of construction: 2016, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Special equipment: automatic oil skimmer Technical data Heatable for aqueous cleaning agents. For the removal of oil and grease contamination in the shortest possible time. Universally applicable for the fully automatic cleaning of small parts from production, manufacturing, and maintenance, such as bolts, sleeves, and ball bearings. 2129905 Easy operation thanks to the fully automatic cleaning process. This allows skilled workers to concentrate on other important tasks. The washing tank is filled with a mixture of water and a water-soluble IBS special cleaner (washing solution). The contaminated parts to be cleaned are placed in the rotating washing basket, and the lid is closed. After setting the desired washing temperature and time, the device is switched on, and the solution in the tank is heated. In the closed device, the basket rotates around its own axis at a constant speed. The pump unit draws the washing solution from the washing tank and pumps it through 3 stainless steel nozzle tubes with overlapping flat jet nozzles. The parts to be cleaned are intensively blasted with the hot solution from all sides during the uniform rotation of the motor-driven basket. After the cleaning process is completed, the device switches off automatically. ∙∙ 1 pump arranged vertically ∙∙ 3 three-dimensional nozzle tubes made of stainless steel Hodpozwb Eaefx Anyju ∙∙ robust stainless steel design ∙∙ additional small parts cleaning basket made of stainless steel (Ø 170 mm) ∙∙ rotating washing basket made of stainless steel, gear rim drive via separate motor ∙∙ intake filter in front of the pump shaft ∙∙ high spray pressure ∙∙ fume extraction ∙∙ stainless steel sieve plate with filter basket ∙∙ low water level protection W x D x H (closed): 1130 x 1010 x 1150 mm W x D x H (open): 1130 x 1220 x 1730 mm Usable height: 500 mm Load capacity: 150 kg Basket diameter: 780 mm Washing tank capacity: 85 liters Pump pressure: 3.1 bar Spray rate: 4800 L/h Power consumption: 4.8 kW / 400 V / 50 Hz Weight: 90 kg Temperature: 0-60°C

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Used professional Gummi-Mayer parts washer. The unit has barely been used and is in very good, fully functional condition. Hodpfxsz Egflj Anyju Please no email inquiries! If you have any questions, we are happy to assist you by phone. Inspection and collection only by prior telephone appointment! Subject to changes, prior sale, and errors.