Used Vdf 18 Ro for sale (22,362)

Year of construction: 1958, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 800116 1387, height of centers: 180 mm center distance: 1500 mm max. circulation-Ø over bed: ueber Bett 380 mm Hodpfxsdbp D Us Abfjfk spindle boring: 50 mm spindle retainer: Gr. 6 retainer taper tailstock: 5 MK spindle speed: 33,5 - 1500 rpm forwarding feed: laengs/plan 0,004-1,05/0,001-0,35 mm/U thread pitch: 0,25 - 96 mm electrical connection: 380 V, 2,6/3,7 kW space needed: 3470 x 950 x 1240 mm weight: 1670 kg

Condition: good (used), suitable for a high-performance lead and feed screw lathe VDF 18 RO Hjdpfx Ajw Sfimjbfofk Bed slide unit with top slide and simple steel tool holder Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1962, Centre lathe manufacturer VDF HEIDENREICH&HARBECK type: 24 RO, year of manufacture 1962, overhauled in 1992. Equipped with 3-axis digital readout Heidenhain, 250 mm Forkardt chuck, Multifix B toolholder. Centre height: 255 mm Swing over bed: 510 mm Swing over cross slide: 270 mm Hfjdpfx Asxziuwobfok Distance between centres: 1000 mm Spindle bore: 55 mm Spindle speeds: 20 - 900 rpm, Motor power: 6.5 kW The machine is in good condition, electrical diagrams available. Required floor space: Length 3 m, Depth 1.2 m, Height 1.3 m, Weight approx. 1800 kg.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1972, LZ Lathe Manufacturer: HEIDENREICH & HERBECK Type: 21RO Year: 1972 with Parat quick-change toolholder, 10 pieces, machine documentation, thread dial indicator, live center, 250 mm Forkardt chuck. Swing over bed: 430 mm Swing over cross slide: 255 mm Center distance: 1000 mm Turning length: 750 mm Spindle speeds: 19-2000 rpm, 5.5 kW motor Spindle bore: 56 mm Further technical data available in the data sheet Required space: Length 2900 mm, Width 1100 mm, Height 1300 mm, Weight approx. 1750 kg Hjdpet Ipi Ijfx Abfsfk Machine documentation available. Coolant system installed, chip guard/rear panel. The machine is in good condition and can be demonstrated under power.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, turning diameter 250 mm turning length 1000 mm Control Philips CNC-Steuerung weight of the machine ca. 8 t PHILIPS CNC control X-axis: 295 mm / Y-axis: 295 mm Center distance: 1000 mm Max. diameter on the bed: Ø 310 mm Max. diameter when turning: Ø 250 mm. Hsdpfx Aoyan R Aobfefk Maximum turning speed: 4500 rpm. Spindle bore diameter: Ø 78 mm Turret with 8 tools Weight: approx. 8 tons

Year of construction: 1992, condition: like new (used), “Böhringer Bökimat 1.800 x 1.400mm” for Sale Also many other manufacturers like: Metso / Krupp / MFL / Svedala / IBAG / Parker / Siebtechnik. Find our complete stock on our website. Manufacturer: Böhringer Type: Bökimat Inlet size: 1.800 x 1.400 mm Year of Manufacture: 1992 Electrical Motor: Included Hjdoggfmdepfx Abfjfk New jaws included.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, turning length: 1,000 mm, turning diameter: 310 mm, spindle bore: 78 mm, rotational speed (min.): 4,500 rpm, total height: 2,120 mm, total length: 5,000 mm, total width: 2,065 mm, overall weight: 8,100 kg, DBC Turning Length 1000 mm Swing over bed Ø 310 mm Spindle bore 78 mm Power 25 kW Length 5000 mm Width 2065 mm Height 2120 mm Hfsdpfszimnqox Abfok Weight 8100 kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, A fully operational CNC lathe from Böhringer, model NG180, is available for sale. Hodpfsx Swigox Abfefk

Condition: new, For sale: new, unused KSB Etachrom B industrial pump – complete, in original packaging, with manufacturer’s documentation. The pump is designed for industrial and process applications – high-quality workmanship, made in Germany. Technical data (from the nameplate): Manufacturer: KSB Series / Type: Etachrom B Flow rate (Q): 18.0 m³/h Head (H): 45.0 m Impeller diameter: Ø 181 mm Rotational speed: 2904 rpm Operating pressure: PN10 Medium viscosity: 1.0 mm²/s Year of manufacture: 2023 Hfsdpfxoyhhqxo Abfek Made in Germany Certifications: CE, EAC, UKCA Condition New – ex stock Never commissioned Original box Operating/installation manual included Condition exactly as pictured Applications Industrial installations Process systems Cooling, process water Technical and production installations

Condition: refurbished (used), battery capacity: 625 Ah, battery voltage: 48 V, total height: 625 mm, total length: 827 mm, total width: 627 mm, Tested Forklift Battery for Your Truck - 48V 5PZS 625AH - DIN A + 1-year warranty + Includes aquamatic water filling system + Includes end connector & REMA 320 plug (other plugs can be installed upon request) + Capacity: minimum 90-100% (C5 capacity protocol provided upon delivery) + Year of manufacture: 2024 Dimensions: Length 827 mm Width 627 mm Height 625 mm Weight: approx. 860 kg Suitable for the following models and more: Linde E15 S- 355-00 Linde E16 - 324-00 Linde E16 - 386-00 Linde E16 - 386-02 - side battery change Linde E16 C - 1275-00 Linde E16 C - 335-00 Linde E16 L - 335-00 Linde E16 P - 1275-00 Linde E16 P - 386-00 Linde E16 P - 386-02 - side battery change Linde E18 - 335-00 Linde E18 - 386-00 Linde E18 - 386-02 - side battery change Linde E18 C - 335-00 Linde E20 L - 386-00 Linde EG 16-1275-02 - side battery change Linde EG16 H -1275-02 - side battery change Linde EG16 P -1275-02 - side battery change Linde EG16 PH -1275-02 - side battery change Linde EG20 PH -1275-02 - side battery change Linde T30 R - 143-00 Still R20-15 Still R20-16 Still R20-18 Still RX20-15 Jungheinrich EFG Series Jungheinrich EFG 18 Jungheinrich EFG 216 Jungheinrich EFG 216 k Jungheinrich EFG 218 Jungheinrich EFG 218 k Jungheinrich EFG 316 Jungheinrich EFG 316 k Jungheinrich EFG 318 Jungheinrich EFG 318 k Jungheinrich EFG DF 16 Jungheinrich EFG DF V16 Toyota 7FBE15 Toyota 7FBEF15 Toyota 8FBEK16T Toyota 8FBEK18T Toyota /BT CB 1600 Crown SC1018 Crown SC3240 -1.8 Crown 5340 - 1 Caterpillar EP 16CPNT Caterpillar EP 16CPN Caterpillar EP 16C Caterpillar EP18CPNT Cesab Blitz 416 Daewoo B16X-5 Clark GEX 18/20S Clark GTX18 Clark GTX20S Doca7H Hyster J1.8XNT Komatsu FB18M Mitsubishi FB16 Hfsdpfx Ajy Rnmmobfsk Nichiyu FBT15P Nichiyu FBT15P-75 Nissan G1N1 TX16 OM-Pimespo-Fiat XE 18 Yale ERP 16VT Standard battery sizes available, please inquire. Transport available.

Condition: refurbished (used), battery capacity: 375 Ah, battery voltage: 48 V, total height: 625 mm, total length: 827 mm, total width: 411 mm, Tested forklift battery for your forklift - 48V 3PZS 375Ah - DIN A + 1-year warranty + Includes Aquamatik watering system + Includes end connectors & REMA 320 plug (other plug types can be installed on request) + Capacity: min. 90-100% (C5 capacity test protocol included with delivery) + Year of manufacture: 2024 Dimensions: Length: 827 mm Width: 411 mm Height: 625 mm Weight: approx. 560 kg Suitable for the following models and others: Linde E 16 - 386-00 Linde E 18 - 386-02 - side battery change Linde P 50 Z LONG - 368-00 Linde P 60 - Linde P 60 - side battery change Hfedpjy Rnlvofx Abfsk Linde P 60 Z - 126-00 Linde P 80 - Linde P 80 - side battery change LInde T 30 R - 143-00 Linde W - side battery change Still LTX 70 Still R 06-06 Jungheinrich EZS 570 Crown RT 3000 Crown SC 1013 Crown SC 1016 Crown SC 3013 Crown SC 3210 Crown SC 3210-1.3 Crown SC 5310-1.3 Crown SCT 6010 Nissan AS2N1L13Q OM-Pimespo-Fiat XE 12 Simai TE80IXB Common battery sizes available – please enquire. Transport available.

Condition: refurbished (used), battery capacity: 465 Ah, battery voltage: 48 V, total height: 784 mm, total length: 1,035 mm, total width: 353 mm, Tested forklift battery for your truck – 48V 3PZS 465Ah – DIN B + 1-year warranty + Includes aquamatic system + Includes end cell connectors & REMA 320 connector (other types available on request) + Capacity: minimum 90-100% (C5 capacity protocol provided upon delivery) + Year of manufacture: 2024 Dimensions: Length: 1,035 mm Width: 353 mm Height: 784 mm Weight: approx. 770 kg Suitable for the following models and more: Linde A (1120) - 5022-00 Linde E 15 C - 322-00 Linde E 18 Z - 322-00 Linde R 10 BN - 1120-00 Linde R 10 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 10 N - 1120-00 Linde R 10 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 12 BN - 1120-00 Linde R 12 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 12 N - 1120-00 Linde R 12 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 12 N - 136-00 Linde R 14 - 1120-00 Linde R 14 - 376-00 Linde R 14 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 14 N - 1120-00 Linde R 14 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 14 S N ACTIVE - 115-12 Linde R 14 SN - 115-08 Linde R 16 AS 1140 - 1120-00 Linde R 16 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 16 N - 1120-00 Linde R 16 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 16 N - 113-00 Linde R 16 N - 115-00 Linde R 16 N HD - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Hfedpfx Asy Rnlcobfjk Linde R 16 SN - 115-08 Linde R 16 SN - 115-12 Linde R 20 - 1120-00 Linde R 20 W - 1120-00 Linde V - 5213-00 Linde V 10 E - 146-00 Linde V MODULAR - 5213-00 Crown ESR 5220-1.4 Still FM 14 N Jungheinrich ET 110 Jungheinrich ET 112 Jungheinrich ETV Jungheinrich ETV 110 Jungheinrich ETV 112 Jungheinrich ETV 214 Jungheinrich ETV Q TCM RTL140 Common battery sizes available – please inquire. Transport can be arranged.

Condition: refurbished (used), battery capacity: 465 Ah, battery voltage: 48 V, total height: 784 mm, total length: 1,035 mm, total width: 353 mm, Tested forklift battery for your truck – 48V 3PZS 465Ah – DIN B + 1-year warranty + Includes aquamatic system + Includes end cell connectors & REMA 320 connector (other types available on request) + Capacity: minimum 90-100% (C5 capacity protocol provided upon delivery) + Year of manufacture: 2024 Dimensions: Length: 1,035 mm Width: 353 mm Height: 784 mm Weight: approx. 770 kg Suitable for the following models and more: Linde A (1120) - 5022-00 Linde E 15 C - 322-00 Linde E 18 Z - 322-00 Linde R 10 BN - 1120-00 Linde R 10 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 10 N - 1120-00 Linde R 10 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 12 BN - 1120-00 Linde R 12 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 12 N - 1120-00 Linde R 12 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 12 N - 136-00 Linde R 14 - 1120-00 Linde R 14 - 376-00 Linde R 14 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 14 N - 1120-00 Linde R 14 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 14 S N ACTIVE - 115-12 Linde R 14 SN - 115-08 Linde R 16 AS 1140 - 1120-00 Linde R 16 CN - 1120-00 Linde R 16 N - 1120-00 Linde R 16 N - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 16 N - 113-00 Linde R 16 N - 115-00 Linde R 16 N HD - 1120-00 - frontal changeover Linde R 16 SN - 115-08 Linde R 16 SN - 115-12 Linde R 20 - 1120-00 Linde R 20 W - 1120-00 Linde V - 5213-00 Linde V 10 E - 146-00 Linde V MODULAR - 5213-00 Crown ESR 5220-1.4 Still FM 14 N Jungheinrich ET 110 Jungheinrich ET 112 Jungheinrich ETV Jungheinrich ETV 110 Hfsdpfx Absy Rnk Ejfok Jungheinrich ETV 112 Jungheinrich ETV 214 Jungheinrich ETV Q TCM RTL140 Common battery sizes available – please inquire. Transport can be arranged.

Condition: refurbished (used), battery voltage: 48 V, total height: 625 mm, total length: 827 mm, total width: 519 mm, Tested forklift battery for your forklift - 48V 4PZS 500Ah - DIN A + 1-year warranty + Includes Aquamatik (automatic electrolyte filling system) + Includes end cell connector & REMA 320 plug (other plugs can be installed upon request) + Capacity: minimum 90-100% (C5 capacity report provided upon delivery) Hfsdpfx Abey Rnklefsk + Year of manufacture: 2024 Dimensions: Length 827 mm Width 519 mm Height 625 mm Weight: approx. 710 kg Suitable for the following models and more: Linde E 12 - 386-00 Linde E 14 - 335-00 Linde E 14 - 386-00 Linde E 14 - 386-02 – side battery change Linde E 15 S - 335-00 Linde E 16 - 386-00 Linde E 16 C - 386-00 Linde E 16 C - 386-02 – side battery change Linde E 16 L - 335-00 Linde E 18 - 386-02 – side battery change Linde E 18 C - 335-00 Linde E 20 L - 386-00 Linde T 30 R - 143-00 Still FU-X 20 Still R 20-14 Yale ERP 15 VT Yale ERP 16 VT Jungheinrich EFG Jungheinrich EFG 110 K Jungheinrich EFG 213 Jungheinrich EFG 215 Jungheinrich EFG 216 K Jungheinrich EFG 312 Jungheinrich EFG DF 16 Jungheinrich EFG W 1 Jungheinrich EKE 20 Toyota 7FBEST10 Toyota 8FBE15T Toyota 8FBKT16 Toyota 8FBMT15 Toyota/BT C3E120 Toyota/BT CBE 1.2 Toyota/BT CBE 1.5 Toyota/BT SSE 135 Crown 3 Crown RT 3000 Crown SC 1016 Crown SC 1018 Crown SC 3210 Crown S6 5320-1 Crown SCT 6020 Balkancar EV698 Caterpillar EP13PNT Caterpillar EP15PNT Cesab 5 Cesab B315 Cesab B315A Cesab CBE1 Clark GEX16 Clark SC5310-1.3 Clark TM 16N Hyster J1.5XNT SW Komatsu FB15M Mitsubishi FB13PNT Mitsubishi FB15PN Mitsubishi FB15PNT OM-Pimespo-Fiat XE 15 OM-Pimespo-Fiat XE 18 Common battery sizes available upon request. Transport can be arranged.

Condition: ready for operation (used), * Brand: Böhringer * Type: RC18 Hjdjywmy Ejpfx Abfefk * Feed Opening: 1800 x 1200 mm * Driving: E-Motor 160 kW * Incl.: new wear parts * Weight: approx 41 tons

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, serial number 1113-23 turning length 500 mm turning diameter 220 mm chip conveyor ja kW Werkzeugwechsler 12-fach Hsdpfx Absvxltujfsfk spindle turning speed range 5000 U/min tail stock automatisch

Year of construction: 1996, condition: ready for operation (used), We have spare parts for the CNC lathe VDF Boehringer cm180. The following parts are available: Turret head, price: €1500 Hfodpfegqurbjx Abfek Tailstock, price: €1000 Headstock, price: €3000 Ball screw for X and Z axes, price: €1000 Axis motors for X and Z, price: €3000 Main spindle motor, price: €3250 Hydraulic system, price: €1200 Chuck, 250mm, with clamping system, price: €1800

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 34 h, load capacity: 1,800 kg, fuel type: electric, Manufacturer + model: LINDE T 18 * EX * Pyroban - 3G / Zone 2 - RAVAS system Hsdpfx Abezutznsfjfk ID: 24032.0261 Category: Demo Forks: 1150 x 685 mm Capacity: 1800 kg Year: 2014 Operating hours: 34 hours Battery: Complete NEW * 24v / 230Ah * Year 2025 Options: * EX * Atex - Pyroban!!!! System = S6000 E Gas group = IIB Type = 3G (approved for ZONE 2) Temperature class = T3 Equipped with RAVAS system

Condition: used, empty load weight: 7,960 kg, maximum load weight: 22,040 kg, overall weight: 30,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 03/2011, next inspection (TÜV): 10/2026, loading space length: 13,499 mm, loading space width: 2,483 mm, loading space height: 2,703 mm, total length: 25,500 mm, total width: 40,000 mm, total height: 142,000 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65 R22,5, color: white, Year of construction: 2011, front tire size: 385/65 R22,5, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, ABS, axle manufacturer Schmitz SCB, type dry freight box with refrigeration unit, operating hours diesel: 18,272 / electric: 4,783, electric connection, color white, air/air suspension, lifting and lowering, cooling method: on-the-road cooling with diesel engine & stationary cooling, disc brakes, fixed side underrun protection, start/stop function, 1 storage box, refrigeration unit type Thermo King SL400e d/e, roller door, load securing rail, 2x7 + 15-pin power connections, 2x LED reverse lights, 2x recessed load securing rails, scuff band. Hjdpfey N Efdex Abfjfk

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, permissible axle load (axle 1): 9,000 kg, permissible axle load (axle 2): 9,000 kg, first registration: 01/2016, loading space length: 13,610 mm, loading space width: 2,470 mm, loading space height: 2,690 mm, total length: 13,870 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 4,000 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 385 / 65 / R22.5, wheelbase: 9,050 mm, color: red, Year of construction: 2016, Equipment: tail-lift, Axle configuration Tyre size: 385 / 65 / R22.5 Make axles: BPW Brakes: drum brakes Hfsdpoztxhdjfx Abfsk Suspension: air suspension Rear axle 1: Max. axle load: 9000 kg; Steering; Tyre profile left: 25%; Tyre profile right: 25% Rear axle 2: Max. axle load: 9000 kg; Steering; Tyre profile left: 25%; Tyre profile right: 25% Weights Empty weight: 9.120 kg Carrying capacity: 22.880 kg GVW: 32.000 kg Functional Tail lift: Dhollandia DHSMR.20, slider lift, 2000 kg Make of bodywork: Groenewegen Jumbo Plywood Box History Number of owners: 1 Condition General condition: average Technical condition: average Visual appearance: average Product safety Manufacturer: Kuijpers Trading BV Minosstraat 8 5048CK TILBURG, NL

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 174 h, power: 12 kW (16.32 HP), lifting height: 16,000 mm, fuel type: electric, color: other, General information Year of manufacture: 2021 Technical information Drive: Wheel Empty weight: 8.400 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 496 x 235 x 315 cm Functional Lifting capacity: 750 kg Working height: 1.800 cm CE mark: yes Condition Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Damages: none = Additional options and accessories = - Non marking tires - Support legs Hsdpsy S Rmlofx Abfofk = Remarks = General Country of production: Frankrijk Condition Overhauled: × XL platform, 2 x extendable, Non-marking tires, Fully electric

Year of construction: 1984, condition: ready for operation (used), Control system: Philips B2T, machine currently not operational, partially dismantled, the fan of the main spindle motor has been completely renewed, the main drive and the mechanical assemblies (headstock, turret, ball screw) are intact, the Z-axis motor is defective and has already been professionally removed, the hydraulic clamping cylinder requires repair or must be replaced. An on-site inspection is possible. Hfodpsy Uyf Nefx Abfjk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, Format: max 360 x 310 mm; min 140 x 100 mm Book block thickness: max 60 mm; min 3 mm Cover format: max 642 mm; min 203 mm Output: max 18,000 c/h Equipment Gathering machine - Clamping element - 18 feeder 3681 - Diverter 3714 Controls - Double and missing sheet control - ASAC automatic self-adjusting caliper Intermediate modules - 2 vibrating elements 3642 - coupled with adhesive binder - Commander - 41 clamps - Infeed channel with vibration direction - 2 milling stations - 2-fold combi spine processing - 2 hotmelt spine gluing units - Hotmelt side gluing unit - 3 premelters - SF shingle cover feeder - SF cover pressing - 2nd SF cover pressing unit Hsdpfeq Rv Htex Abfefk - Plate chain Laydown conveyor Cooling section - inline with - Zenith S three-knife trimmer Optional accessories---not included in the scope of delivery-- - compensating stacker - film wrapper - palletizer

Condition: new, mileage: 300 km, power: 120 kW (163.15 HP), fuel type: diesel, number of seats: 34, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, color: silver, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), parking heater, soot filter, * MAN TGE * Available for immediate delivery * Automatic transmission * Suspension driver's seat * Massage driver's seat * Cruise control * Rear view camera * 16 seats * 18 standing places * Wheelchair space * Automatic transmission * Cruise control * Multifunction steering wheel * Air conditioning for driver * Suspension driver's seat * Roof air conditioning * Auxiliary heater * Passenger compartment heating Hsdozgpw Nopfx Abfjfk * LED lighting, white and blue * USB charging stations in the passenger compartment * Grab handles * Stop buttons * Wheelchair ramp * Rear view camera * Three surveillance cameras * Anti-slip flooring * Electric swing doors, 1x front, 1x rear (double) * Local public transport * Long-distance transport * Folding seats * Assistance systems * Destination display * Skylight * Financing possible * Trade-ins possible * Subject to prior sale, errors and changes

Condition: used, mileage: 403,473 km, power: 315 kW (428.28 HP), first registration: 07/2017, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 32,000 kg, axle configuration: > 3 axles, next inspection (TÜV): 08/2026, color: green, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, loading space volume: 18 m³, loading space length: 5,600 mm, loading space width: 2,300 mm, loading space height: 1,400 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, navigation system, parking heater, * ABS * ASR * Radio * On-board computer * Cruise control * Hill start assist * Electric windows * Electrically adjustable mirrors * Mirror heating * Central locking * Sunroof * Driver comfort seat * Seat heating * Longitudinal and transverse differential locks * Off-road driving program * AP axles * Towing hitch * Folding underbody protection * Sun visor * Navigation system * Reversing camera * Reversing warning * Auxiliary heater * 12-speed transmission * Suspension: leaf spring/air suspension * Payload: 18080 * Continuous brake: High Performance Engine Brake ----Body: Schwarzmüller Halfepipe rear tipper, capacity approx. 18 m³, front wall raised with excavator protection, hydraulic tailgate.----Fuel Performance Pack 1, Powertrain Pack 1 Hsdpezq Tikefx Abfefk Sale only to commercial customers. IN CASE OF EXPORT, ONLY THE NET PRICE IS TO BE PAID!!!!! ALL INFORMATION IS WITHOUT GUARANTEE, INCLUDING EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES. The basis for all purchase contracts, invoices, proforma invoices, orders, and sales discussions are our general terms and conditions (see our legal notice).