Used Vitap Alfa 35 Ce for sale (19,867)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, number of spindles: 35 pneumatic head inclination Kjdpfx Aew U Aiiokisnc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 690189, overall weight: 386 kg, total width: 1,150 mm, pressure: 6 bar, operating pressure: 6 bar, number of spindles: 35, type of input current: three-phase, Condition as shown in the pictures. Kedpfxezyr Epo Akisnc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, number of spindles: 35, Multi-spindle drilling machine (dowelling machine), model from the Vitap Alfa 35 series. [1, 2] This type of machine is used in the furniture industry for precise linear drilling of holes for dowels (axes), shelves, connecting elements, and fittings in wooden panels (chipboard, MDF, solid wood). [1] The main features of the machine in the image: Drilling head with 35 spindles: The long, green support arm (drilling spindle) has 35 parallel spindles with a distance of 32 mm between them (standard system for furniture). The drill bits alternate in a left-hand Kjdpsz Ef R Tefx Akisnc

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 610203Z, overall weight: 295 kg, Vitap ALFA 21 Classic Multi-Spindle Boring Machine – 2016 Vitap ALFA 21 Classic semi-automatic multi-spindle boring machine manufactured in Italy. The machine is designed for precision line boring operations in furniture and cabinet production according to the 32 mm system. Suitable for vertical, horizontal, and angled drilling in chipboard, MDF, and solid wood components. The machine is in very good condition, fully functional, and ready for immediate operation. Features: Manufacturer: Vitap Model: ALFA 21 Classic Year: 2016 21 spindles 32 mm spindle spacing Pneumatic tilting boring head (0°–90°) Vertical and horizontal boring Foot pedal control Pneumatic material clamps Quick-change drill chucks Precision fences and stops Heavy-duty industrial construction Technical data: Number of spindles: 21 Distance between first and last spindle: 640 mm Spindle speed: 2800 rpm Max. drilling depth: 70–80 mm Max. tool diameter: Ø35 mm Table size: approx. 864 × 500 mm Motor power: 1.5 kW Power supply: 400V / 3 phase / 50 Hz Knedpfjy Uwrysx Akijc Required air pressure: 6–8 bar Machine weight: approx. 295 kg The machine can be inspected and tested while powered on.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, baghouse dust collector Power: 15 kW Airflow rate: 7,200 m³/h Number of collection bags: 3 Number of filter bags: 45 Knodpjz D Eqwsfx Akiec Filter bag diameter: 20 cm Filter bag height: 150 cm

Year of construction: 2008, condition: like new (used), We sell a package of 26 cooling systems - Alfa Laval brand evaporators, all of which work on the glycol cooling system. The systems are powered at 220V or 380V or have an interchangeable power supply system according to the user's needs. The year of manufacture of the systems is 2008. We can sell also piece by piece not only as a package upon request. Knodpfx Akjg N Db Heiec Commercial unit coolers designed for use in small and medium cold rooms from 10 up to 400 m³. Models designed for easy maintenance with immediate access to inspection areas. This series is available as a DX evaporator and brine unit cooler. Finned coil - H(C)FC Inner grooved Cu tubing ø 12 mm, triangular tube pitch - Brine Smooth Cu tubing ø 12 mm, triangular tube pitch - Corrugated Alu-fins - Fin spacings 4, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11 mm. • 1 to 4 AC fans, ø 250 mm up to ø 500 mm, drawing through the coil. Fan motors 230V/50-60Hz/1ph or 400V/50-60Hz/3ph in two noise levels (H/L). Motors with dynamically and statically balanced external rotors, manufactured in accordance with VDE 0530/12.84. • Corrosion resistant materials: coil frame AluZinc, casing strong and durable sheet metal, powder-coated RAL 9002. • Hinged drip tray and side covers for easy installation and maintenance. • Sufficient space for mounting of expansion valve inside the casing. • Mounting brackets allow flush ceiling mounting. • Fitted with schräder valve on the suction connection for testing purposes. • Pumped system available on request. • Stickers indicate fan direction and refrigerant in/out. • Delivery in mounting position. Coolers are mounted on wooden beams. Installation can take place with the use of a forklift. 1 AlfaCubic series (BL, GL, RL) 2 Refrigerant system (E = dry expansion, W=water/glycol, 3 Noise level (H=high, L=low) 4 Fan diameter (25=250, 35=350, 40=400, 50=500 mm) 5 Number of fans (1 to 4) 6 No. of tube rows (A=4, B=6, C=8) 7 Phases (S= single-phase, D= 3 phases Δ connection) 8 Motor voltage (230V, 400V) 9 No. of circuits 10 Packing (CR=crate) 11 Casing material (AP= powder coated, SS= stainless steel) 12 Defrost system (A= air, E= electric defrost, HG= hotgas) 13 Fin material/coating (AL=aluminium, EP= epoxy coated aluminium) 14 Fin spacing (4, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11 mm) 15 Tube material (Cu=copper) The evaporator coils of these units are high performance and are built-in 1/2 ”fluted copper tube and fin corrugated aluminium with gaps of 3.5, 6 and 8mm. The frame, made of aluminium sheet, is provided with protection collars. This frame has the application of thermostatic expansion valves. Regarding their exterior structure, they are manufactured in aluminium painted in high resistance RAL-9018 polyester colour. The vibrations in these machines are avoided thanks to the fact that their entire structure is compact and highly rigid. All its parts are easily removable for maintenance. These evaporators are fitted as standard with helical fans with high-performance protection grilles and are equipped with 315 or 350mm motors. diameter. Single-phase for 230V 50Hz, with a degree of protection IP-54, with external rotor and low consumption. All motors are connected to a watertight general box, according to IP-55 regulations. Finally, defrosting is carried out with 230V electric heaters built in armoured stainless steel tubes. Its vulcanized ends avoid derivations and are inserted inside the battery and the tray. They are connected to a watertight junction box. Application: Lo

Year of construction: 1999, condition: excellent (used), 21 drilling spindles Spindle spacing 32mm Pneumatic clamps Kodpfx Akjh Txmtjienc Possibility to drill vertically, horizontally and at an angle of 45 * Depth adjustment from 0 to 80 mm

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, machine/vehicle number: 320539B, functionality: fully functional, power: 1.7 kW (2.31 HP), type of input current: three-phase, workpiece width (max.): 1,250 mm, workpiece height (max.): 50 mm, number of axes: 3, number of slots in tool magazine: 4, actuation type: electric, total height: 1,890 mm, total length: 2,900 mm, total width: 1,650 mm, overall weight: 1,400 kg, table length: 99,999 mm, table width: 1,300 mm, Equipment: CE marking, We are offering this virtually new Vitap K3 throughfeed machining center, manufactured in 2023. Additional equipment: 20" LCD TFT monitor Industrial PC WSC user interface with Lister, parameter tools, and parametric settings Graphical CAD programming TPA EDI32, basic version USB port Storage of all files Macro programming DXF file import CE compliant Advantages of the machine: Qualitative machine advantages Technical advantages of the machine: Feed rate: 25 m/min Automatic 4-position tool changer Max. Horizontal tool Ø: 12 mm Max. Vertical tool Ø: 35 mm Motor: 1.7 kW Number of independent vertical axes: 12 // number of independent horizontal axes on the X-axis: (2+2) Max. Horizontal drilling depth on X and Y axes: 35 mm // max. Vertical drilling depth: 43 mm // number of horizontal drilling spindles on the Y-axis: (2+2) Electrospindle: 5 kW with ISO30 taper (rpm 12000-24000) Max. Workpiece dimensions: Y 1250 mm, Z 50 mm Min. Workpiece dimensions: X 270 mm, Y 150 mm, Z 3 mm Additional information: Axes: 3 controlled axes (X, Y, Z) X-axis: DDT feeding system Y-axis: drilling head movement Z-axis: drilling operations Optional upgrades (at an extra cost): Tool set for production start Tool holder ISO 30 / ER 32 Lubricant cartridges PC with more powerful processor Extra pneumatic top pressure Nesting system Barcode scanner Post-processor for MPR files License for TPA office software Front and rear roller support Narrow part guides Optional clamping opening for 60 mm thickness Options for angular transmission CAD design software for furniture construction Knsdpfxezv U Nco Akisc *There may be differences between the displayed data and the actual values. *There is no warranty on this machine; the price is an "as is" price. If you have any questions or would like more information, please feel free to send us a message or call us. Available for pickup in Enkhuizen around the beginning of October 2026.

Condition: good (used), Code: 0405 Brand: VITAP - ITALY Model: ALFA 21 Multiple boring machine for furniture, kitchens, custom furniture, bathroom furniture and various Technical data: N° 21 spindles - Centre distance mm 32 Max drilling depth mm 80 Table dimensions mm 860 x 500 Spindle rpm 2800 Knjdpfoyrrhiex Akijc Motor power Hp 2,5 Tilting head 0-90° Operating pressure 6-8 atm Overall dimensions mm 950 x 800 x 1140 h Weight kg 300

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 891149, 21 drilling spindles Knsdpezcg Ifefx Akiec Spindle spacing 32mm Pneumatic clamps Possibility to drill vertically, horizontally and at an angle of 45 * Depth adjustment from 0 to 80 mm

Condition: used, Vitap's smart solution for through-hole drilling and grooving with automatic return to the operator. Three controlled axes: - X-axis – continuous workpiece transport via a patented belt system. Kjdpfx Ajzutqiokisnc - Y-axis – drilling head movement, guided by rack and pinion. - Z-axis – drilling, guided by ball screw. The fewer limitations, the greater the progress! With our machine, we do not impose any limits on workpiece length. Simple TPA programming: - You can position the holes individually. - The machining operations are displayed on a virtual workpiece. - If the workpiece dimensions change, the holes can be automatically adjusted. Office software license – Power lies in tranquility. - Perhaps you have better ideas in a quieter environment? This allows you to make better use of the flexible CAD system. - With this license, you can write programs where they are developed and discussed, in the office. Color LCD TFT 19" 5/4 screen USB port for loading programs from any office workstation 3 password-protected access levels (operator, supervisor, assistance) Technical data: - 9 vertical spindles, individually controllable - 2+2 horizontal drilling spindles in X - 1+1 horizontal drilling spindles in Y - 1 grooving saw unit (saw blade diameter 100 mm) - Max. workpiece thickness 50 mm - Max. workpiece weight 50 kg - Max. workpiece size: X unlimited, Y 920 mm, Z 50 mm - Min. workpiece size: X 270 mm, Y 150 mm, Z 10 mm - Workpiece transport speed: 25 m/min - Spindle speed 3,600 rpm - Max. horizontal drilling depth, X and Y axes 30 mm - Max. vertical drilling depth 45 mm - Max. vertical tool diameter 35 mm - Max. horizontal tool diameter 12 mm - Motor power 1.7 kW - CE standard

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: not functional, AS-07251-Alfa Laval Clarifier Module 10 m3/h ALFA-LAVAL PURE SOX (SWPX 810 SGV-34CGL) CLARIFIER MODULE, 316SS. Capacity min. 10,000 L/H Offering 4 identical units Kodpfxjw Ap I Ae Akienc INCOMPLETE! Only for spare parts (Machine without bowl) Max. bowl speed 7200 RPM, rated at 10,000 LPH, bowl volume 15 L, sludge capacity 9.4 L, liquid discharged under pressure, solids discharge pump with cyclone tank, 35 kW motor 460/3/60/1728 RPM, Pure SOx scrubber, unitized on a common skid with all valves, piping, control panel, tools, spares, and manual Year of Manufacture 2017

Condition: excellent (used), type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, Complete discstack separator. Kodpfx Akjucct Ioijnc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1986, Alfa Laval Drehbürstensieb Knjdpfez R Dkwjx Akioc

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, machine/vehicle number: 320542/B, functionality: fully functional, number of axes: 3, controller manufacturer: TPA, CNC Drilling and Milling Machine Manufacturer: Vitap Type: K3 New machine Through-feed processing, workpiece machining from below, and automatic workpiece return to the operator Develop an individual class: - With this machine, you can perform many different milling operations in addition to grooving and drilling, from simple edge milling to milling shapes and letters. - We do not limit your creativity. Easy entry into CNC technology: - TPA makes it easy for you: Whether drilling, grooving, linear milling, contour milling, or milling letters. - The CAD software clearly displays the machining operations. - Particularly clear is the programming of the work steps on the individual workpiece sides. - You can mirror machining operations with a mouse click. - You can either enter the starting points precisely or determine them by clicking on the virtual workpiece. Vitap Bar Nesting - efficient and time-saving - This patented software produces entire corpus elements from a long workpiece. - You insert the long workpiece, and when you remove the first finished element, the machining of the next element continues directly. The DDT feed system (double dynamic transport) - 2 clamps enable uninterrupted workpiece transport. - The operator inserts the workpiece until it reaches the stop. - Both clamps then grip the workpiece and position it precisely. - During machining, both clamps communicate with each other, so that clamp 2 grips before clamp 1 releases. - This ensures a constant feed rate even during linear milling. 3 controlled axes: - X axis - DDT feed - Y axis - Drilling head travel - Z axis - Drilling - Double "0" reference: New laser generation for detecting the beginning and end of the workpiece. The program can readjust the drilling from below to achieve perfect alignment in vertical and horizontal workpieces. The laser consists of a transmitter and receiver to avoid errors with dark edge material. - Side stops with rollers, consisting of a fixed and a movable part, mechanical digital readout with automatic alignment to the 0 stop for removal of up to 3 mm on the 0 line - Constant side pressing device for precise positioning to the 0 line - Automatic 4-position tool changer - Adjustable zero point - No workpiece length limitation - Monitor LCD TFT 20" - Industrial PC - Operator interface WSC with Lister, parametric tool, and parametric setup Kjdpfszvduuex Akionc - Graphical programming CAD TPA EDI32, basic version - USB port - Storage of all files - Macro programming - Import DXF files Technical data - Number of independent, vertical spindles: 12 - Number of independent, horizontal spindles on the X axis: (2+2) - Number of horizontal drilling spindles on the Y axis: (2+2) - 1 saw (100mm) - Electro spindle 5 kW with ISO30 taper (RPM [contact removed]) - Max. workpiece weight: 40 kg - Max. workpiece dimensions: X unlimited, Y 1250 mm, Z 50 mm - Min. workpiece dimensions: X 270, Y 150 (70op), Z 3 mm - Feed rate: 25 m/min - Spindle speed: 3600 RPM - Saw speed: 7000 RPM - Max. horizontal tool: 12mm - Max. drilling depth horizontally on the X and Y axis: 35mm - Max. drilling depth vertically: 43 mm - Max. vertical tool: 35mm - Motor: 1.7 kW - Adjustable zero point for 4-sided formatting - CE compliant Optional against additional charge

Condition: used, mileage: 47,750 km, power: 62 kW (84.30 HP), first registration: 11/1955, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,490 kg, color: red, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: mechanical, suspension: steel, Year of construction: 1955, Equipment: cabin, cable winch, Vehicle location: Bovenden, Kz. Haus, 1x couch, switch 4, cable winch, leaf suspension Superstructure: Tiltable body with ramps for transporting cars, THIS VEHICLE IS ONLY AVAILABLE ONCE IN THE WORLD! 6.3l diesel engine Extensively restored Folding windshield, folding couch, right-hand drive, loading length 4m, H license plate, Alfa Romeo engine and gearbox, power steering, Trilex rims, weight reduced from 9 to 7.5t. Knodpevhhdzefx Akiec Bought by the last German owner in Italy in the 90s. Extensively restored in the early 2000s. The restoration took more than 2 1/2 years. ACCESSORIES WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! - .

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, • Model: Concept 350 – 3200 • Squaring length: 3200 mm • Blade diameter: 300–350 mm • Blade inner hole: 30 mm • Blade projection (90°): 100 mm (75 mm) • Blade projection (45°): 67 mm (45 mm) • Blade group speed (inverter): 40 m/min • Main motor power: 7.5 hp (5.5 kW) • Extraction outlet: 120 / 100 mm • Extraction air volume: 1800 m³/h • Extraction air speed: 25 m/s • Operating pressure: 7 bar • Air consumption: 85 l/h Knedsz Dp Dzspfx Akijc Ask for live demo on WHATSAPP

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, machine/vehicle number: 2354, functionality: fully functional, fuel type: electric, Due to the upgrade of our machinery park, we are offering a precision cutting saw for thin-walled aluminum profiles, which are used to manufacture aluminum rims for bicycle wheels. The saw is used for cutting profiles to the diameter of 26, 27.5, 28, and 29-inch rims. Knsdpfx Akozwgpweisc It is in perfect working condition and has been regularly serviced by our in-house technical team at defined intervals. We have four such machines available.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, functionality: fully functional, cutting height (max.): 120 mm, cutting width (max.): 350 mm, Multiblade + trimmer CML mod J 350 RT Ce kW 37 Knodpfxsvlxbxs Akijc

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, GMP Roller Laminator EXCELAM-II 355 Q Working width 355 mm, hot lamination Laminator for hot lamination films from 32 - 175 microns Infrared-heated silicone rollers, ensuring scratch-free lamination Equipped with an 8-bit microprocessor LCD display and electronic reverse function, standby function Temperature adjustable from 0-160 °C in 1°C increments Temperature and speed settings are pre-programmed for each film thickness The roller pressure can be precisely adjusted for each film thickness using a scale disc Max. passage height: 5 mm Adapter for 25 mm core diameter Kjdpfx Akezwwqloisnc Working speed: 0-1.6 m/min, adjustable in 9 steps Connection: 220 V / 50 Hz / 1300 Watts Dimensions: W546 x D456 x H285 mm Weight: 25 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, Item: LC-10549 – Alfa Laval pump LKH70-110kW Alfa Laval LKH-70 Centrifugal Pump – 110 kW Used Alfa Laval LKH-70 sanitary centrifugal pump, suitable for high-capacity applications in the dairy, food, and beverage industries. The pump is equipped with a large Ø280 mm impeller and a powerful 110 kW motor. Kjdpozymx Djfx Akionc Technical data: Manufacturer: Alfa Laval Type: LKH-70 Year: 2017 Serial No.: 215309 Motor power: 110 kW Frequency: 50 Hz Impeller diameter: Ø280 mm Inlet: approx. DN100 Outlet: approx. DN80 Maximum flow according to Alfa Laval performance curve: up to approx. 260 m³/h, depending on the required head and product characteristics. CE marked Hygienic stainless-steel design Suitable for pumping milk, dairy products, water, and other low-viscosity food products. Original Alfa Laval performance curves are available. Machine located in Denmark and available for sale.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Alfa Laval / Tetra Pak Buttermilk Pasteurization Line Knjdpfxoxtvfto Akijc Complete buttermilk pasteurization line from renowned manufacturers Alfa Laval and Tetra Pak, equipped with a buffer tank, circulation pumps, process valves, flowmeter, and control cabinet. The system is designed for hygienic thermal processing of buttermilk in dairy plants. Capacity: 25,000 liters/hour Main components of the line: 1. Siersma Scheffers Stainless Steel Buffer Tank Serial number: Karnemelk Year of manufacture: 1995 Capacity: 1,000 liters Overall dimensions: Ø 1100 × 3000 mm Material: stainless steel (s/s) 2. APV Valves (4 units) High-quality process valves for food applications 3. Pomac Centrifugal Pump, type: CP19555 / 165 x 10 Serial number: 20080 Year of manufacture: 2007 Capacity: 30 m³/h Power: 5.5 kW Dimensions: 700 × 350 × 450 mm 4. Endress + Hauser Flowmeter, model: Promag H / Promag 300 Dimensions: 350 × 200 × 200 mm Provides precise measurement of liquid food products 5. Samson Valve Dimensions: 560 × 300 × 300 mm Application: flow and pressure regulation in process systems 6. Alfa Laval / Tetra Pak Buttermilk Pasteurizer, type: C8-K8M Serial number: 30107-33855 Year of manufacture: 2012 Capacity: 559 liters Operating parameters: PS: 16.0 bar PT: 22.9 bar TS: 120 °C Dimensions: 3200 × 550 × 1850 mm High-performance heat exchanger system optimized for buttermilk processing 7. Hovap Centrifugal Pump, type: HP-5032/170 Serial number: 33740 Capacity: 35 m³/h Power: 7.5 kW Dimensions: 700 × 320 × 550 mm 8. IPBE Control Cabinet (s/s) Purpose: control and supervision of the buttermilk pasteurization line Dimensions: 620 × 230 × 770 mm The Alfa Laval / Tetra Pak buttermilk pasteurization line with a throughput of up to 25,000 l/h is a complete, integrated system for the thermal processing of dairy products. Use of components from Alfa Laval, Tetra Pak, Pomac, Hovap, Endress + Hauser, and APV ensures high reliability, durability, and process quality.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: AA2328995, total height: 2,495 mm, total width: 2,280 mm, total length: 10,500 mm, overall weight: 6,000 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, For sale is a dry cooler (air-cooled liquid cooler with forced convection) designed for outdoor installation. Air is passed over the finned heat exchanger, which contains the working fluid, for example, a water-glycol mixture. Alfa Laval VDDSE1008.1CD96 C4 ICM Dimensions approximately 10.5m x 2.28m x 2.95m (no heavy-duty transport required for transportation) Weight approximately 6 tons Cooling capacity 866.8 kW Airflow: 217476 m³/h Volume flow rate of cooling medium: 150.8 m³/h A cooling unit is being sold – it has already been dismantled and is ready for loading. Knodpfx Akjz S U Najisc If you are interested or have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Condition: good (used), Code: 0481 Brand: VITAP Model: BM 13/S - CE Standard Multiple boring machine with 13 spindles for furniture, carpentry, panels, kitchens, bathroom cabinets and various - CE Standard Technical data: N°13 spindles Center-to-center distance between spindles 32 mm Knedsz Dkwvspfx Akioc Total center-to-center distance between the first and last spindles 384 mm Table dimensions 600 x 400 mm Max drilling depth 70 mm Min spindle speed 2800 rpm Motor power 1,5 Hp Compressed air pressure 6/8 atm Overall dimensions mm 750 x 560 x 1200 h Weight kg 160

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, HESSEMANN 3-HEAD SANDER: Abrasive belt dimensions: 2,620 x 1,400 mm 1 Longitudinal sanding unit (with contact roller for calibration work (steel)) Roller diameter: 250 mm Belt speeds: approx. 18 m/s 22 kW Anti-wear braking unit, automatic band length adjustment Dust extraction system controlled depending on the workpiece, counter-rotating abrasive belt, abrasive belt grit compensation by computer Belt speeds: 1.0 - 18 m/s Kodpfx Aksx Rdn Tjienc Drive: 15 kW 1 Longitudinal sanding unit Belt speeds: 1.0 - 18 m/s Drive: 15 kW Includes continuously adjustable sanding speed via electronic frequency inverter, with double number of extraction holes for the dust extraction device. Anti-wear braking unit, automatic band length adjustment for abrasive belt edges potentially of different lengths; dust extraction controlled by workpiece detection, deactivatable, counter-rotating abrasive belt. 2 Pressure beams with selective pressure adjustment system – CSD® system Continuously adjustable individual pressure elements, for single and multiple workpiece feeding. Spacing: 32 mm. Tolerance compensation for workpieces up to 2 m by maintenance-free pressure magnets. Working width as well as start and end positions of the pressure beam are electronically adjustable. The pressure elements are driven by lifting electromagnets capable of continuously varying the force of each sanding pad as the workpiece passes through the machine. This innovative CSD® technology guarantees constantly proportionate pressure relative to pad overlap on the workpiece. The risk of sanding through on the edges is virtually eliminated by this dynamic, continuous pressure force control.