Used Dedusting/Filtration System for sale (38,073)

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 01, space requirement width: 850 mm, overall weight: 562 kg, total length: 1,700 mm, total height: 1,900 mm, GAF bag filter, container capacity 200 liters, double-jacket capacity 30 liters, permissible operating pressure container 10.5 bar, permissible operating pressure double-jacket 5 bar, operating temperature 150 °C, material in contact with the product stainless steel 1.4435 (V4A). The filter is mounted on a galvanized steel trolley with wheels. Hedpfsvt Tg Ssx Ap Honn

Condition: used, This listing is for a Millipore Pro Flux M30 Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) System. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Millipore Pro Flux M30 is a high-performance tangential flow filtration (TFF) system designed for demanding applications in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and molecular diagnostics sectors. Optimized for crossflow filtration, the M30 provides reliable separation, concentration, and clarification of biomolecules and cell suspensions in both R&D and process-scale environments. With its robust stainless steel construction, precise transmembrane pressure (TMP) control, and compatibility with a wide range of membrane chemistries, the M30 delivers consistent performance across various filtration tasks—from protein concentration and virus clarification to cell culture harvest and synthetic biology sample prep. Key Features Stainless Steel Construction – Durable, sanitary design for aseptic operation and long-term reliability. Optimized TMP Control – Ensures maximum membrane efficiency and longevity through precise pressure regulation. Broad Membrane Compatibility – Supports a variety of membrane types and molecular weight cut-offs for flexible application use. Process Versatility – Suitable for concentration, diafiltration, and clarification steps in upstream and downstream workflows. Compact & Scalable – Ideal for laboratory-scale operations with scalability to pilot and production environments. User-Friendly Interface – Intuitive controls and gauges for straightforward operation and monitoring. Technical Specifications Model: Pro Flux M30 Flow Configuration: Tangential Flow / Crossflow Material of Construction: 316L Stainless Steel Pump Type: Peristaltic or Diaphragm (depending on setup) Pressure Control: Manual and/or automated transmembrane pressure regulation Operating Pressure Range: Typically up to 4 bar (60 psi) Filter Compatibility: Millipore Pellicon, Ultracel, Durapore, and other cassettes Tubing & Fittings: Sanitary-grade with tri-clamp or Luer lock connections Footprint: Compact benchtop design Manufacturer: Millipore (now part of Merck Millipore) Applications Biopharmaceutical Processing – Protein concentration, buffer exchange, and virus removal. Cell Culture Harvesting – Clarification of cell suspensions post-fermentation or bioreactor. Synthetic Biology – Preparation of cell-free extracts, nucleic acid concentration, and purification. Hnjdpfxoxl Dx So Ap Hjn Gene Editing & Molecular Cloning – Sample concentration and buffer exchange before downstream analysis. Diagnostics Manufacturing – Filtration of assay components and reagent prep for diagnostic kits. Fluorescence & Imaging Sample Prep – Ensures clean, debris-free samples for accurate analysis. Benefits Reliable Performance – Delivers consistent and reproducible results for critical bioprocess steps. Process Flexibility – Adaptable to a wide range of biomolecule sizes and sample types. Aseptic Operation – Designed for cleanroom and GMP environments. Low Hold-Up Volume – Minimizes product loss during filtration. Trusted Brand – Developed by Millipore, a global leader in membrane filtration technologies.

Condition: used, This listing is for the Akta crossflow filtration system The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use An ÄKTA Crossflow filtration system is a type of tangential flow filtration (TFF) system developed by Cytiva (formerly GE Healthcare). It's used primarily in bioprocessing and biotechnology applications to concentrate, diafilter, or clarify biological samples such as proteins, viruses, plasmids, and other biomolecule Core Functions: Concentration – Reducing the volume of a sample while retaining the target biomolecule. Diafiltration (Buffer Exchange) – Removing salts or changing the buffer environment by continuously adding a new buffer while removing permeate. Clarification – Removing particulates or cells from process fluids Hnodexhf A Rspfx Ap Hjn Key Components: Pump Modules: Typically peristaltic pumps that manage flow rates precisely. Filtration Cassettes: Hollow fiber or flat sheet membranes for ultrafiltration or microfiltration. Pressure Sensors: To monitor and control transmembrane pressure (TMP). Conductivity/pH/UV Detectors: For in-line monitoring of the filtrate and retentate. Benefits: Automation reduces operator error and variability. Scalable design for seamless transition from lab to production. Precise control of filtration parameters (flow rate, pressure, volume). CIP (Clean-In-Place) capabilities for easy maintenance and compliance with GMP. Common Applications: Protein concentration and buffer exchange Viral vector purification Plasmid DNA purification Cell harvest and clarification

Condition: used, This listing is for a Merck Samplicity G2 Filtration System. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Merck Samplicity G2 Filtration System revolutionizes sample preparation for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) by offering a vacuum-driven solution that enhances efficiency and user comfort. Key Features: - Vacuum-Driven Filtration: Utilizes a vacuum pump to simplify the filtration process, decreasing the manual effort often required in traditional methods. - Multi-Sample Filtration: Allows filtration of 1 to 8 samples simultaneously, increasing throughput by up to 35%—perfect for busy labs. - User-Friendly Operation: Designed with a simple lever mechanism, enabling quick recovery of clean samples in seconds, which aids in maintaining workflow efficiency. - Millex Filter Compatibility: Fully compatible with Millex filters, ensuring reliability and effectiveness in a variety of HPLC applications. - Ergonomically Designed: Reduces manual strain compared to syringe filtration, promoting better user health and comfort during repetitive tasks. - Applications: HPLC Sample Preparation: Hodpfsxxynvox Ap Hjnn - Ideal for preparing samples that require filtration before analysis, particularly those that are viscous or contain particulates. - Filtration of Challenging Samples: Well-suited for samples that are difficult to filter, such as those with high viscosity or substantial particulate matter, ensuring consistent results. Key Benefits: - Increased Efficiency:Streamlines the sample preparation process, significantly cutting down on time and effort, allowing for quicker analysis turnaround. - Enhanced Accuracy:Provides reliable filtration, minimizing the risk of contamination or sample loss, crucial for maintaining analytical integrity. - Reduced Manual Fatigue:The design alleviates the physical strain associated with manual filtration methods, improving user comfort and lowering injury risk.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2021, A wet extraction system Ulrich Anlagen und Industrieservice is available. Material: PE/PP/PS/ABS/LDPE/HDPE/MDPE, particle size: less than 1µm, separation efficiency: 97.5%, control system: Siemens S7. Including buffer tank, Almatec AHS 25 heavy-duty membrane pump, MSE 470-30 chamber filter press, working platform, stainless steel filtrate tank and discharge and cross conveyor screw. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Hnjdpfxov I Db Ns Ap Hon

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, machine/vehicle number: 412, space requirement width: 1,500 mm, space requirement length: 3,300 mm, space requirement height: 2,500 mm, Ultrafiltration system with accessories for the treatment of soil washing wastewater Year of construction 2014, fully functional until dismantling Documentation, operating instructions, E-plans are available. 7 packages; Filtration tank single 1520mm diameter Hnodpfx Ajqzx Dbsp Hon Filtration system with control 330cm x 150cm x 220cm 5 extra Euro pallets with accessories

Year of construction: 2007, condition: ready for operation (used), Filtration surface: 224m², documentation available. Hnedpfx Apegi Nw Se Hsn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, Overview  This complete compressed air installation was manufactured between 2009 and 2013 by Atlas Copco (Sweden) and Donaldson Filtration GmbH (Germany). The setup includes two Atlas Copco GA132 VSD low-pressure compressors, one Atlas Copco FD160 VSD air dryer, and one Donaldson UFA-AC0016 oil separator. Designed to deliver reliable and energy-efficient air supply at up to 8.5 bar, this system is ideal for continuous production environments. The installation has been regularly maintained, with full maintenance completed in August 2025, and is in good working condition. The entire system is still installed and connected, and immediately available for inspection and sale. Technical data  Years of Manufacture: 2009 – 2013 Application: Industrial compressed air system Total Capacity: 2 × 24.1 m³/min Maximum Pressure: 8.5 bar Power Supply: 274.8 kW Scope of Delivery  Compressor | Atlas Copco | GA132 VSD | 2013 Compressor | Atlas Copco | GA132 VSD | 2012 Air dryer | Atlas Copco | FD160 VSD | 2012 Oil separator | Donaldson Filtration GmbH | UFA-AC0016 | 2009 Hsdpfx Apexrc Aco Honn

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1983, functionality: unexamined, 2 pieces Hedpfxer Nvg Se Ap Henn 1x Alfa Laval H10-RC 1x Alfa Laval H10

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: V250 (Bofa) | WLA250 (Weidinger), input voltage: 230 V, Used solder fume extraction units from Bofa & Weidinger Model: V250 (Bofa) | WLA250 (Weidinger) Hnodexp H Ttepfx Ap Hon Voltage: 230V (50Hz) | 1.1A Including power cable.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, 3 × Eaton BECO INTEGRA® PLATE 400 EC – Hermetically Sealed Sheet Filter Systems (2017, Unused) Factory new, never used in production – only FAT/SAT with water. CE marked, GMP & FDA compliant. Complete FAT and SAT documentation available. Immediately available, can be sold individually or as a package. Model & Configuration: - Hermetically sealed depth filtration system (filter press) with external chamber and circumferential profile gasket - Stainless steel design (AISI 316L / 1.4404, partly 1.4435), high-gloss polished product-contact surfaces - CIP & SIP capable, sterile setup with BIOCONNECT flanged connections (NEUMO) - Format: 377 × 400 mm sheets (0.12 m² per sheet) - Hydraulic closure mechanism with 4-stage control for cleaning, sterilization, filtration & opening Key Technical Data: - Max. operating pressure: 6 bar | Max. differential pressure: 4 bar - Operating temperature: up to 140°C | Sterilization: up to 134°C - Mobile frame design - Includes discharge frames and clear spacers Differences between the 3 units: - Unit 1: 4.80 m² filtration area, 9.60 L solids volume, 40 sheets, product-contact parts partly 1.4435, fittings & riser pipes supplied separately - Unit 2: 3.36 m² filtration area (expandable to 4.80 m²), 6.72 L solids volume, 28 sheets, also stainless steel design, expandable - Unit 3: Technically identical to unit 1 but with additional fittings & riser pipes pre-installed (GEMÜ diaphragm valves, sight glasses, pressure gauges) Application Areas: - Pharmaceutical and biotech production - Food & beverage industry - Applications with high hygiene and sterility requirements Price: Negotiable depending on configuration, individual or total package possible. Total price in 2017: €253,000 Delivery: Hodpfx Aow Nikvep Henn Ex stock, worldwide shipping possible. Original documentation, FAT & SAT reports, drawings, and 3.1 certificates available.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, volume flow: 16,000 m³/h, power: 15 kW (20.39 HP), Mobile filtration unit 15 kW with 16,000 m³/h extraction capacity for aggressive dusts with pre-chamber separator. Assembly in approx. 10 minutes. Cartridge cleaning by compressed air pulse jet. 16 filter cartridges, 15.6 m², Bio Class M. Dust collection via big bag. The filter consists of 2 separate parts that are assembled using a forklift. Connection is made using 6 quick-release locks and 2 connector plugs. A duct or extraction hose can be connected at the rear of the filter. Hnodpfxew Ivp No Ap Hon

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, volume flow: 16,000 m³/h, power: 15 kW (20.39 HP), Mobile filtration unit 15 kW with 16,000 m³/h extraction capacity for aggressive dusts with pre-chamber separator. Assembly in approx. 10 minutes. Cartridge cleaning by compressed air pulse jet. 16 filter cartridges, 15.6 m², Bio Class M. Dust collection via big bag. The filter consists of 2 separate parts that are assembled using a forklift. Connection is made using 6 quick-release locks and 2 connector plugs. A duct or extraction hose can be connected at the rear of the filter. Hnjdpow Ivpvefx Ap Hsn

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, volume flow: 16,000 m³/h, power: 15 kW (20.39 HP), Mobile filtration unit 15 kW with 16,000 m³/h extraction capacity for aggressive dusts with pre-chamber separator. Assembly in approx. 10 minutes. Cartridge cleaning by compressed air pulse jet. 16 filter cartridges, 15.6 m², Bio Class M. Dust collection via big bag. The filter consists of 2 separate parts that are assembled using a forklift. Connection is made using 6 quick-release locks and 2 connector plugs. A duct or extraction hose can be connected at the rear of the filter. Hnodpfx Ajwxlygjp Hsn

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2018, Behncke SFA 600B AFM with TLS - with filter material Hnodpfow U Su Iex Ap Hsn - slight storage marks - shipping possible at extra cost

Condition: like new (used), Year of manufacture: 2011 Complete set of new filters included Hnedpfx Apoxgnv Re Hen Model: DMC-MMB Quantity: 7 units

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 22924, Exhaust Air Dust Extraction System Hsdjv Scfuspfx Ap Honn Dimensions of suction unit: Length: 1,100 mm Width: 1,100 mm Height: 1,950 mm Dimensions of filter housing: Diameter: 900 mm Height: 1,400 mm Dimensions of control cabinet: Width: 400 mm Height: 600 mm Depth: 300 mm The exhaust air and dust extraction system has already been dismantled and is ready for collection.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Exhaust Air Dedusting System Height: 4300 mm Width: 3000 mm Depth: 1300 mm Base frame dimensions: approx. 1750 mm Upper part dimensions from flange to motor cover: approx. 2450 mm Exhaust air box on top of motor cover: approx. 400 mm Hedpfxoxq Epvs Ap Hjnn The exhaust air and dedusting system is equipped with a new motor, which we newly installed in September 2025. The system has already been dismantled and is ready for pickup.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, power: 400 kW (543.85 HP), Ore Beneficiation Plant for Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Graphite, Gold, Silver, Chrome, Quartz/Silica In today’s competitive mining and metallurgical industry, maximizing ore value is critical. Our state-of-the-art Ore Beneficiation Plant offers a complete solution designed to increase the content and quality of raw ore, transforming it into a marketable product ready for further processing or direct sale. Engineered for a wide range of minerals—including nickel, copper, zinc, graphite, gold, silver, chrome, and quartz/silica—our ore beneficiation plant delivers exceptional performance, efficiency, and reliability. Introduction Mining operations around the world face the challenge of processing ores that are often low in grade and require extensive refinement to be economically viable. Beneficiation—the process of increasing the concentration of valuable minerals—plays a vital role in reducing operational costs, enhancing recovery, and ultimately, ensuring profitability. Our ore beneficiation plant, also known as an ore processing plant or mine dressing plant, integrates advanced technology and robust engineering to deliver an efficient crushing, grinding, classifying, and separation process. Designed to handle a wide variety of ores, our plant is the ideal solution for mining companies looking to optimize their extraction and processing operations. Whether you’re processing nickel, copper, zinc, graphite, gold, silver, chrome, or quartz/silica, our plant provides the versatility and performance needed to meet today’s rigorous industrial standards. ## What Is an Ore Beneficiation Plant? An ore beneficiation plant is a facility where raw ore is processed to improve its quality and increase the concentration of valuable minerals. The plant typically includes several stages of processing: 1. Crushing: The raw ore is reduced in size to allow for more efficient downstream processing. 2. Grinding: Further size reduction to liberate the valuable minerals from the waste material. 3. Classifying: Separation of the ore into different size fractions using screening and hydrocyclones. 4. Separation: Employing various physical processes such as magnetic separation, flotation, or gravity separation to concentrate the valuable minerals. 5. Dewatering: Removal of excess water to prepare the concentrate for further processing or shipping. Hjdoq Nw Uqjpfx Ap Hjnn This integrated process not only boosts the metal content but also minimizes waste, thereby improving overall cost efficiency and environmental sustainability.

Condition: used, Item: A-2600-UF-Microfiltration-Block UF- /Microfiltration Block (Alcalase) Hnedpfxskyu Avs Ap Hon 4 X 38-42 m2 DOW Separation Systems inclusive pumps, tubes and other accessories. To offer 6 pieces identical

Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 3,500 h, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, P System fully automated hydraulic pelleting line with patented hydraulic pelleting system. Mono roller, hydraulically operated with a unique load sensing system. Features automatic vegetable oil injection at startup and shutdown. Continuous rated production 350kg/hr (peak 500kg/hr) - Fully automatic, operates without human intervention. In its current setting it worked 12hrs continuously alongside log production, but can operate continuously if required. Line includes the following:- 50m³ moving floor container with hydraulic operated lid. Material level viewing windows, and unloading cross auger. Incline discharge auger with magnetic separator. Hjdszcf Dlspfx Ap Hjnn First stage hammer mill for material up to P16 (G30). Pneumatically conveyed to minisolo. Mini silo distribution hub with hydraulic agitator. Equipped with cyclone and transfer fan. The unit has an additional port covered with a blanking plate to allow addition of another pelleting module. Second stage hammer mill and rotary valve controlled by pelleting module. P300 - 30kW pelleting module with PCL control system. All motors other than the main drive are hydraulic and controlled by the pelleting module. The system has a moisture sensor which injects water into the second stage hammer mill to control pellet quality. Die temperature is monitored by a temperature probe and controlled by compressed air injection. Automatic oiling system on startup and shutdown. 6m Discharge cooling and screening auger. Pellets are conveyed, cooled and screened for dust by hydraulically driven auger. Double filter air extraction unit. The line is in good condition and comes with a set of spare parts, dies and rollers. PCL control unit and main drive gearbox were replaced over a year ago. It has been serviced well and can be demonstrated working if required, with your material. Not included in offer, but available by request 4000L pellet hopper made from galvanised steel metal, with pneumatically operated hopper. Semi-automatic bagging plant, 5kg - 30kg capacity. Plastic sack heat sealer. Pellet quality test equipment. 5m Bucket elevator made by Perrys of Oakley.

Condition: used, Features: Condition: fully functional, with traces of use. Ideal for fast material transport Expertly disassembled and packaged Manufacturer: Soco System Condition: Used Model/Type: Rollers Drive type: Gravity Hnjdpfsi Dt Epex Ap Hon System consisting of: 7 segments (5 x 1.980 mm, 2 x 960 mm) total length: approx. 11.820 mm Total width: approx. 470 mm Conveyor width/roller width: approx. 410 mm Segment length: approx. 1,980 mm Roller diameter: approx. 50 mm/rollers made of plastic Axle distance: approx. 90 mm (adjustable) Material: steel/plastic Frame data: Height: approx. 100 mm width: approx. 25 mm Stock: 11,82 meters Price per meter Roller conveyor Due to the excellent workmanship of the roller conveyor, your material will glide smoothly to its destination, even under heavy load. Customized solutions for your intralogistics For roller conveyors, belt conveyors, inclined conveyors or telescopic conveyors for loading and unloading your goods, we are your competent partner! We will be happy to prepare your individual offer or advise you on design or installation issues. Simply let us know your requirements and the local conditions. Take advantage of our many years of experience and our excellent network of specialists. For companies in a wide range of industries, such as: Logistics, pharmaceutical industry, trade or the electronics industry, we have already successfully realized projects. Together we will work out ways to optimize your process and material flow in a cost-effective and sustainable way. We can even offer you fully automatic sorting technology or supplementary components such as picking racks or containers.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Carton Erector BE-2200 Manufacturer: Soco-System Hjdpfjywkbtjx Ap Henn Condition: used Model/Type: BE-2200 ATS Overall length: approx. 2960 mm Overall width: approx. 1700 mm Overall height: approx. 1340/1600 mm Carton size: min. 180 L x 130 W x 100 mm H Carton size: max. 440 L x 315 W x 450 mm H Internal article number: 2026032301 The conveyor system was in operation up until dismantling. Features: - Condition: fully functional, with signs of use - Ideal for rapid material handling - Professionally dismantled and packed - Pick-up address: Industriestraße 5 (47918 Tönisvorst) Thanks to the high-quality workmanship of the conveyor technology, your materials glide smoothly to their destination, even under heavy loads. Tailor-made solutions for your intralogistics We are your competent partner for roller conveyors, belt conveyors, inclined conveyors or telescopic conveyors for loading and unloading your goods! We are happy to provide you with a customized offer or advise you on design or installation questions. Simply let us know your requirements and local conditions. Benefit from our many years of experience and our outstanding network of professionals. We have already successfully implemented projects for companies from a wide range of industries, such as logistics, the pharmaceutical industry, trades or the electronics sector. Together, we will find ways to optimize your processes and material flow cost-effectively and sustainably. We can also offer you fully automated sorting technology or supplementary components such as picking racks or containers.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 1,000 mm, conveyor belt width: 670 mm, total length: 1,000 mm, total width: 820 mm, total height: 800 mm, power: 0.12 kW (0.16 HP), motor manufacturer: Soco System, Belt Conveyor/ Conveyor Belt/ Belt Conveyor System Manufacturer: Soco System Condition: Used Hsdpow A S Swjfx Ap Honn Year of Manufacture: 2016 Overall Length: approx. 1000 mm Overall Width: approx. 820 mm Overall Width without Motor: approx. 670 mm Conveyor Width: approx. 580 mm Conveyor Height: approx. 800 mm (adjustable) Material: Steel/Aluminium - galvanized Belt Type: Plastic - smooth Color: galvanized, dark blue Including Soco motor (0.12 kW) Including feet (height-adjustable) The conveyor system was operational until disassembly. Thanks to the superior workmanship of the conveyor technology, your material glides smoothly to its destination even under heavy loads. Tailor-made solutions for your intralogistics. For roller conveyors, belt conveyors, inclined conveyors, or telescopic conveyors for loading and unloading your goods, we are your competent partner! We are happy to prepare a customized offer for you or provide advice regarding design or installation questions. Simply let us know your requirements and site conditions. Benefit from our many years of experience and excellent network of professionals. We have already successfully implemented projects for companies in various sectors such as logistics, pharmaceutical industry, trades, and the electronics industry. Together, we will find ways to optimize your process and material flow cost-effectively and sustainably. We can also offer you fully automatic sorting systems or complementary components such as order picking racks or containers. Features: Condition: fully functional, with signs of wear Ideal for fast material transport Professionally disassembled and packed Pick-up address: Industriestraße 5 (47918 Tönisvorst)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, roll width: 410 mm, power: 0.12 kW (0.16 HP), roll spacing: 60 mm, axle spacing: 110 mm, Roller Conveyor Curve / 90-Degree Curve Manufacturer: Soco System Condition: Used Model: Roller Type: 90° Total outside width: approx. 1430 mm Total inside width: approx. 820 mm Total width incl. motor: approx. 580 mm Conveying width: approx. 410 mm Roller pitch: approx. 60 mm Axle spacing: approx. 110 mm Roller type: Plastic Material: Steel/Plastic Color: Galvanized, Light Grey, Orange Includes 2 Soco 0.12 kW motors Stock quantity: 4 units Price per unit The conveyor system was fully operational until disassembly. Condition: Fully functional, with signs of use Ideal for fast material handling Internal item number: 2026020302 Pickup address: Industriestraße 5 (47918 Tönisvorst) Professionally dismantled and packaged Thanks to the excellent workmanship of the conveyor system, your materials will glide smoothly to their destination—even under heavy loads. Tailor-made solutions for your intralogistics For roller conveyors, belt conveyors, incline conveyors, or telescopic conveyors for loading and unloading your goods, we are your experienced partner! We are happy to provide you with a customized quote or advise you regarding concepts or installation questions. Simply let us know your requirements and local conditions. Benefit from our many years of experience and our extensive network of specialists. We have already successfully completed projects for companies in various sectors, such as logistics, the pharmaceutical industry, trades, or the electronics sector. Hnedpfx Apeygyhae Hsn Together, we will work to optimize your operations and material flow efficiently and sustainably. We can also offer fully automated sorting technology and additional components such as picking shelves or containers.