Used Deep Drawing Press for sale (15,265)

Condition: good (used), HFS-210 Hot Stamping Press The machine is in perfect condition. Year of manufacture: 2019. Description: The HFS-210 Hot Stamping Press is a pneumatic hot stamping press for hot stamping, embossing paper, and plastics. A useful device in any advertising agency or digital printing house. The cycle is operated manually. The pneumatic drive ensures repeatable work and very high die pressure on the material. The machine is equipped with an automatic foil feed, which significantly shortens the time of a single hot stamping cycle, a worktop, adjustable embossing depth, a hot plate ground to 0.01 mm accuracy, which significantly improves the quality of embossing with large dies, a control panel, and modern OMRON controls. Specifications: MODEL: HFS-210 Hot Stamping Press Heating plate size: 210 x 150 mm Work table area: 500 x 350 mm Heating temperature control: via display up to 200°C Holding foil adjustment: Automatic, potentiometer-controlled Hot plate pressure mechanism: pneumatic Height of the gilding stack: 68 mm Press force: 0.6 T Kjdpfx Aozt H U Soi Redr Power consumption: 900 W Power supply: 230 V Machine dimensions: 750 mm (W) x 530 mm (D) x 1670 mm (H) Machine weight: 120 kg The machine includes a cross table and a die mounting frame. An instruction manual is included.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1988, machine/vehicle number: 053-019/35, Offer 24591 Ksdpfewd Nybox Ai Redr Technical specifications: - Maximum press force 25 t - Maximum ram stroke 500 mm - Stroke speed 0 - 40 mm/s - Return stroke 0 - 200 m/min - Installation height 800 mm - Throat to ram center 360 mm - Ram clamping area 440 x 360 mm - Ram clamping pin 40 mm - Table size 630 x 500 mm - Table height above floor 710 mm - Deep drawing force 10 t - Maximum deep drawing depth 160 mm - Drive 400 V / 4 kW - Space requirement approx. W 800 x H 2720 x D 1150 mm - Weight approx. 2500 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1987, pressing force: 1,250 t, Press force 1250 t Bending length 15000 mm Upright spacing 10160 mm Control system CNC 10 graphics Throat depth 770 mm Table length 15000 mm Machine weight approx. 230 t Required space approx. 17000 x 5400 x 5900 mm Additional information: - Press force: 1,250 t - Bending length: 15,000 mm - Control: CNC 10 graphics - Number of controlled axes: at least 10 - Upright spacing: 10,160 mm - Throat depth: 770 mm - Table length: 15,000 mm - Dimensions: 17,000 mm x 5,400 mm x 5,900 mm - Weight: approx. 170 t Equipment: Kedpjzvb I Ssfx Ai Redr - Crowning device - CNC 10 graphic control - Hydraulic upper tool clamping - Multi-operator functionality - Increased speeds - Automatic, height-adjustable rear sheet gauge - Draw cushion device - Horn length on each side: 2,200 mm

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008256, Max width workable: 800 mm Kdodpfxex A Hfvs Ai Rsr Max length workable: 2500 mm Max height workable: 1340 mm Max feed speed: 40 m/min

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2025, total length: 1,200 mm, total width: 800 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, Colour: Blue Empty weight: 450 kg Price: On request - Year: 2025 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: Yes - Serial number: PB12093N2025005 - Operating hours: 0 - Drive system: Conventional - Vertical/Horizontal: Horizontal and vertical - Number of rolls [pcs.]: 3 - Power [kW]: 1.5 - Shaft diameter [mm]: 50 - Top roll diameter [mm]: 155 - Bottom roll diameter [mm]: 155 - Bending speed [mm/min]: 11 - Capacity diameter round [mm]: 50 - Options: Digital readout - Transport dimensions: 1200mm x 800mm x 1800mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 450kg Kdjdpsztxn Rofx Ai Rer - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, HSM V Press 1160 plus Pressing force 532 kN, opening width 1,195 m, opening height 0.65 m, drive power 4 kW, press type BP, dead weight 2.43 t, transport length 1.78 m, transport width 1.568 m, transport height 2.995 m, press type baler. Kdsdpfx Ajl Uvuksi Rer Press immediately ready for use.

Year of construction: 1969, condition: ready for operation (used), A complete 8-stage transfer press line with a Weingarten double-column transfer press is available. 1) Mechanical double-column transfer press Weingarten S.3100.08.70.1, year of manufacture: 1969, tool stations: 9, forming stages: 8, total press force: 3100t, press force blanking slide/drawing slide: 300t/2800t, strokes: 28/min, blanking slide stroke: 200mm, drawing slide stroke: 500mm, max. drawing depth: 120mm, drawing slide ejector stroke: 100mm, blank holder stroke: 50mm, drawing cushion force: 25t, transfer pitch: 700mm, max. blank dimensions X/Y: 450mm/450mm, max. blank diameter: 540mm, table dimensions X/Y: 1200mm/5600mm, main motor power: 300kW, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 10500mm/7500mm/9700mm, weight (according to documentation): approx. 524t, stroke counter reading (September 2024): approx. 25 million. 2) Blanking and cutting press Georg Maschinentechnik PKD 630, year of manufacture: 2004, max. press force: 6300kN, slide stroke: 240mm, strokes: 40/min, max. slide adjustment: 100mm, max. shut height: 525mm, table dimensions X/Y: 1200mm/1500mm, slide dimensions X/Y: 1050mm/1100mm, main motor power: 110kW, weight: approx. 110t. 3) Decoiler Roland Dreher 2398 G-SP, year of manufacture: 2004, max. load capacity: 25500kg, max. strip width: 1050mm, coil inner diameter range: 475mm-615mm, max. coil outer diameter: 2000mm. 4) Straightening feeder Roland Dreher 1689 G-SP, year of manufacture: 2004, strip width range: 100mm-1050mm, max. strip thickness: 12.4mm, max. strip cross-section: 6000mm², straightening rolls: 6, straightening roll diameter: 100mm, infeed and outfeed rolls: 4, diameter: 140mm, max. feed speed: 50m/min, feed accuracy: 0.1mm, transverse travel: +/-400mm. 5) Transfer feeder Roland Dreher 700/160/50, year of manufacture: 1994, feed length: 700mm, closing stroke: 160mm, lifting stroke range: 0mm-50mm, max. rail spacing: 1190mm, strokes: 24/min. 6) Central component oiling and processing system Leblein, control system: Siemens S7-300. 7) Line control system and electrical cabinet Siemens S7-317 with two decentralized Siemens ET200M units, modernization year: 2011. Including additional peripheral equipment such as feeding, marking, hydraulics, conveying, etc. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Kjdpfx Aiozl U H Tj Rsdr

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, Brand: DIXI Model: 60 SD Year of manufacture: 2012 Ksdpfezuxrxsx Ai Redr Pressing force: 60 tons Voltage: 400 Max. bale weight: 340-500 kg Bale dimensions: approx. 120 x 80 x 80-110 cm Machine weight: 2400 kg Machine dimensions: 190 cm wide x 140 cm deep x 230 cm high Dimensions of the feed opening: 115 cm wide x 80 cm deep x 55 cm high The DIXI 60 SD features simple operation, an automatic start function, and automatic bale ejection. Thanks to its compact, low-profile design, this machine is ideal for spaces with limited height.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 250 t, table width: 1,600 mm, table length: 2,650 mm, overall weight: 55,000 kg, die cushion stroke: 235 mm, Hydraulic deep drawing press Wanzke GTA 250 year of construction 1995 used Technical data: Pressing force 2,500 kN ram stroke 600 mm ram speed working stroke 25 mm/s Ksdeup Skwopfx Ai Redr Die cushion 1,600 kN Die cushion stroke 235 mm Table clamping surface 2,650 x 1,600 mm Stroke limiting spindles 2 pcs. Damping cylinders 2 pcs. Drive power 75 kW Press dimensions approx. width 4,250 mm (without cladding) depth 2,000 mm height 5,150 mm Weight 55 to. Table: Holes for quills in the center of the press table. From there, the other holes holes have a distance of 150 mm to the right and left There is also a hole in the middle of the press table. The hole spacing is also 150 mm. A maximum of 15 quills are possible lengthwise and 7 widthwise. possible. Quill diameter: 30 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: 2 / 2000, Pressure total: 2000 ton Ram stroke: 900 mm Slide adjustment: 800 mm Shut height (stroke down, adjustment up): 1800 mm Free frontal opening L-R: 5040 mm Distance between oil tray: 4840 mm Distance between the columns F - B: 2600 x 2400 mm Table surface area : 5000 x 2700 mm Slide area: 5000 x 2700 mm Die cushion capacity in table: 400 ton Die cushion stroke: 350 mm Die cushion pad area: 4200 x 2100 mm Kdjdpfxeyvz Sts Ai Ror Cushion pressure in ram: 200 ton Ejector stroke in ram: 200 mm Number of strokes: 8 - 14 s.p.m. Required power: 350 kW Height over floor approx.: 11350 mm Die weight at the ram max.: 40000 kg Die Weight total: 80000 kg Weight of machine approx.: 580 ton Standard configuration Moving bolster front sidePin diameter 52 mmForce in microinches = 400 tA SIEMENS control system is installed The documentation is available.A packing list would be available, as an identical press has already been dismantled.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008701, Max working length: 2740 mm Max working width: 1240 mm Kdodezq Urtspfx Ai Ror Membrane: yes No of positions for the rolls: 2 No of work tables: 1

Condition: good (used), Screw bookbinding press 40×30 with base The machine is fully operational and ready for operation. Kdjdpfx Aijzt H Uxo Ror Format: 400×300 mm Pressure: 3 tons Made in Germany.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1964, machine/vehicle number: 63/10.2995-96, pressing force: 1,200 t, total length: 5,300 mm, total width: 2,690 mm, total height: 9,300 mm, overall weight: 360,000 kg, Press force: 1,200 t Ram stroke: 600 mm Ram adjustment: 500 mm Stroke rate: approx. 10 – 16 strokes/min Shut height: approx. 1,250 mm Drawing equipment: Drawing cushion force: approx. 240 t Drawing cushion stroke: approx. 250 mm Pneumatic ejector in ram: Force: approx. 95 t Stroke: approx. 150 mm Table size: approx. 3,500 x 1,900 mm Heavy-duty mechanical eccentric press in robust double-column design from Schuler, suitable for industrial applications as well as classical forming and deep drawing processes. The machine features a press force of 1,200 t with a fixed ram stroke of 600 mm and a ram adjustment of 500 mm. The stroke rate ranges from approx. 10 to 16 strokes per minute, allowing flexible use depending on the application. The working area is designed with a table size of approx. 3,500 x 1,900 mm, offering sufficient space for medium to large tooling. A key feature is the movable / sliding press table, which significantly simplifies setup and tool change and makes the machine ideal for handling heavy tools. The integrated drawing equipment (drawing cushion) provides approx. 240 t of force with a stroke of 250 mm, enabling demanding forming and deep drawing operations. In addition, the press is equipped with a pneumatic ejector in the ram (approx. 95 t / 150 mm), supporting automated part removal. Pressing force max.: 1,200 t Dimensions (LxWxH) approx.: 5300 x 2690 x 9300 mm Installation height max.: 1,250 mm Weight approx.: 360,000 kg Kodpfey S Nhzsx Ai Rjdr Machine table clamping surface: 3500 x 1900 mm Passage between the uprights: 3,600 mm Serial number: 63/10.2995-96 Year of construction: 1,964 Condition: in working order Terms of payment: 100% prepayment before pick-up Terms of delivery: From foundation under power: Yes

Year of construction: 2016, condition: reconditioned (used), Machine name:Dunkes drawing press Type:HDZ 160 Year of manufacture:1988 Year of reconstruction:2016 Electrical drawing:16001E1 Operating voltage:3AC 400V Frequency:50Hz Rated current:100A Kdjdpfepl T Rwox Ai Ror Control voltage:24 VDC

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1987, machine/vehicle number: 10064, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 90,041 h, input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: three-phase, pressing force: 200 t, stroke length: 300 mm, table width: 800 mm, table length: 1,290 mm, table height: 1,000 mm, ram plate width: 800 mm, ram plate length: 1,300 mm, oil tank capacity: 1,300 l, total length: 2,330 mm, total width: 1,600 mm, total height: 4,150 mm, overall weight: 21,000 kg, control cabinet height: 2,070 mm, control cabinet length: 1,500 mm, control cabinet width: 400 mm, DGUV certified until: 06/2026, die cushion stroke: 70 mm, distance between side stands: 420 mm, installation height: 600 mm, Equipment: safety light barrier, 1x tool safety input Two-hand control panel with emergency stop 8x hydraulic clamps Electrically adjustable depth stop Cut stroke damping Ejector - draw cushion for ram and press table Kdedsyvgrhspfx Ai Rsr Electronic stroke and pressure measurement system Hydraulic main drive pump completely overhauled with a new drive motor

Condition: good (used), Bookbinding press with tapping block The machine is fully operational and ready for use. Approximate format: 480 x 330 mm 3-ton pressure Kdsdpfxezt H U Ee Ai Rjr

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, WE OFFER AN VERY NICE DUNKES PRESS Kdodpfx Asvldx Nsi Rer MACHINE IS READY FOR OPERATION.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, pressing force: 100 t, Durendus DCD-100 – Hydraulic Deep-Drawing Press in C-Frame Design 15–100 t – 800 × 600 mm For sale: a hydraulic C-frame deep-drawing press (single-column press) from Durendus with an adjustable pressing force from 15 to 100 t. This machine is designed for demanding forming, deep-drawing, and assembly tasks. It is equipped with an integrated deep-drawing cushion and a state-of-the-art Siemens control system. Featuring high travel speeds and precise control, it is ideal for both series production and flexible single-part applications. ===== Technical Data & Information: Hydraulic C-Frame Press – DCD-100 ==== General Specifications - Manufacturer: Durendus - Model: DCD-100 - Design: C-frame / single-column press - Pressing force: 15–100 t (adjustable) - Total weight: approx. 6,500 kg - Overall dimensions: approx. 1,850 × 1,845 × 3,520 mm - Table height above floor: 1,000 mm ==== Working Area - Max. distance table – ram: 1,000 mm - Stroke: 0–700 mm (adjustable) ==== Table & Ram - Table size: 800 × 600 mm - Ram size: 800 × 600 mm - T-slots: according to DIN 650, 18 mm, cross arrangement ==== Speeds - Rapid traverse speed: 180 mm/s Ksdpfx Asyw I T Hji Rjdr - Working speed: 22 mm/s - Return speed: 180 mm/s ==== Hydraulics & Drive - Operating pressure: max. 250 bar - Main pump: Bosch Rexroth, approx. 65 l/min - Motor power: 11 kW + 1.5 kW - Oil tank capacity: approx. 280 l - Hydraulic block: Duplomatic - Filter: Filtrec - Cooling: air cooler ==== Additional Functions - Deep-drawing cushion: 50 t, stroke 250 mm, speed 50 mm/s - Ram ejector: 10 t, stroke 100 mm ==== Control & Operation - PLC: Siemens S7-1200 - Touch panel: Siemens SIMATIC 10" - Programmable: up to 99 programs - Adjustable: pressure, stroke, speed, lubrication - Positioning accuracy: up to 0.1 mm - Remote maintenance available ==== Safety & Equipment - Two-hand operation - Safety PLC - Monitoring of all operation statuses via display - Oil temperature and filter monitoring - Automatic shutdown in case of overheating ===== Deep-drawing, forming, assembly operations, punching processes, series production, toolmaking Single-column press, C-frame press, deep-drawing press, hydraulic press, industrial press, tryout press, tool try-out press Are you looking for a hydraulic press tailored to your specific application? Contact us for a customized offer. Our hydraulic presses are manufactured according to German machinery directives, as well as European Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, EC standards, and EU safety requirements. Additionally, our presses exceed Canadian and European safety standards by fully complying with the national Brazilian safety guideline NR 12, which is based on these requirements. Our core strengths are special machine construction and press automation. We supply bespoke hydraulic presses at surprisingly competitive prices. For the hydraulics, we primarily use components from leading European manufacturers.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1995, A sheet metal blank feeding press Alfons Haar for metal can production in the packaging industry is available. Press force: 40t, stroke: 170mm, max. speed: 180rpm, drive power: 18.5kW, cutting circle diameter: 400mm, max. drawing depth: 55mm, max. sheet dimensions X/Y: 1150mm/1000mm, material thickness range: 0.1mm-0.5mm, throughput: approx. 520cans/min, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 8950mm/4500mm/3900mm. An on-site inspection is possible. Kjdey Ndf Aspfx Ai Redr

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, Mark Andy Digital Pro3 PLUS Hybrid Digital Printing Machine with Semi-Rotary Die-Cutting Unit Installation: April 2024 Running meters: approx. 96,000 linear meters from April 2024 to April 2026 Web width: 330 mm Digital print width: max. 318 mm Flexo print width: max. 330 mm Digital resolution: 1200 x 1200 dpi Digital printing speed: approx. 23.5 m/min Digital printing: 4 colors Flexo printing: 2 flexo units Flexo drying: air-cooled LED UV Materials: BOPP, PET, PP, paper Digital Front End / RIP: PDF workflow Power supply: 240 V, 50–60 Hz Configuration and equipment: Mark Andy Digital Pro3 PLUS hybrid digital press Kdedpfx Asy Ul I Aoi Rsr 2 flexo printing units Semi-rotary die-cutting unit Latest generation flexo printing stations Semi-rotary die-cutting, expandable Unwinder for laminate / KP available Bypass for “flexo only” production or blank labels available Rewinding system Air-cooled LED UV drying PDF digital workflow Suitable for roll-to-roll label production Accessories included: 2 x printing cylinders: 80Z and 96Z 1 x Spilker Airboy Further accessories according to final confirmation Technical highlights: The machine offers a strong combination of digital printing, flexographic printing, and semi-rotary die-cutting in one compact production line. The uploaded technical specification confirms a maximum web width of 330 mm, a digital print width of 318 mm, 1200 x 1200 dpi resolution, and a digital production speed of 23.5 m/min. The layout drawing shows a complete production concept with unwind, semi-rotary die-cutting section, print station, digital engine, and rewind system, making the machine suitable for efficient short-run and medium-run label production.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, Description LVD PPI 55/25 CNC PRESS BRAKE Force 55 tons - bending length 2500 mm - CNC MNC 95/C - distance between frame 2050 mm - motor 10 HP - weight 4200 kg Kodevk Ncqspfx Ai Redr INCLUDED A LOT TOLIINGS Specifications Manufacturer LVD Model PPI55/25

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, machine/vehicle number: H300SV23-17, pressing force: 300 t, stroke length: 1,000 mm, table width: 1,000 mm, table length: 1,200 mm, overall weight: 21,000 kg, die cushion force: 130 t, die cushion stroke: 300 mm, Control and basic data • Control: SIEMENS PLC • Pressing force / capacity: 300 t • Motor power: 30 kW • Year of manufacture: 2023 • Serial number: H300SV23-17 Pressing area • Cylinder diameter: 380 mm • Stroke: 1000 mm • Tool dimensions (max.): 1400 × 1200 mm • Tool weight (max.): 5,000 kg Drawing cushion • Drawing cushion stroke: 300 mm • Drawing cushion force: 130 t Speeds • Feed speed: 160 mm/s Kedpfxozhlg Ae Ai Rjdr • Return speed: 200 mm/s Hydraulics and connection values • Pump output: 103 l/min • Oil volume: 1100 l • Operating pressure: 243 bar • Operating voltage: 380 V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Max. current: 60 A The machine is available immediately, has already been dismantled, and can be inspected.

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1996, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 170 t, filling opening width: 1,020 mm, filling opening length: 1,800 mm, bale width: 1,100 mm, bale height: 1,100 mm, bale weight: 900 kg, overall weight: 40,000 kg, oil tank capacity: 3,000 l, year of last overhaul: 2025, volume flow: 750 m³/h, For sale is a used baling press system consisting of a chain belt conveyor for underfloor operation, with a feed hopper, a hydraulic pre-compactor with ruffler, a MACPRESSE 111A baling press, two complete wire drawing frames with 5 wire reel stands each, without wire. Technical data baler: Manufacturer MACPRESSE EUROPA S.R.L. Typ 111A Year of construction 1996, refurbished in 10/2024 Press power main press 170 tons Specific press capacity 14 kg/cm² Feed channel 1,800 x 1,020 mm Filling volume 2,5 cm³ Theoretic throughput rate 750 m³/h Bale size 1,100 x 1,100 mm, length variable Driving motor 2 x 55 kW Tying system 5-fold horizontal, full automatic Throughput rate at a approx. 30 up to 35 tons/h, depends on material Volume hydraulic oil tank 3,000 l Transport dimensions of press with new machine feets 113,700 x 2,300 x 2,900 mm (l x w x h) Machine weight baler approx. 40 tons Comments: The baler was partially overhauled in our workshop and tested after completion of the work, please look at our functional video. The system was previously used to bale paper and cardboard from municipal collections. The contract was awarded elsewhere after the end of the contract period, so the complete system is for sale. The overhaul work carried out and the spare parts replaced can be found in the detailed photo documentation and in our quotation. The documentation (Manual, CE, electr./hydr.-drawings), are completely available. Inspections are possible after agreement. We will not assume liability for the given technical data and possible errors. Technical data conveyor belt: Manufacturer Wagensfeld B.V. Type chain belt conveyor 1700 mm Year of construction 2017 Drive power 7.5 kW Belt speed 14 m/minute Length of infeed conveyor 6,900 mm Length of ascending belt 12,885 mm Length of gooseneck 1,747 mm Overall length 21,271 mm Pitch 32° Effective width 1,644 mm Kdsdpfx Aisy S Rqwj Ror Height of drive shaft above ground 5,777 mm Wall height of feed conveyor 500 mm Wall height of ascending conveyor 880 mm Steel flights height 40 mm Distance between flights 1200 mm Transport dimensions conveyor disassembled 15,005 x 2,503 x 2,435 mm (l x w x h) Pit dimensions 11,500 x 2,700 x 1,015 mm (l x w x d) Remarks: The chain belt conveyor, built in 2017, was later made to fit the baler during the last installation of the baler in the Netherlands and is newly installed. The conveyor belt is in good, operational condition and has therefore not been overhauled. An installation drawing with the pit dimensions is available. Scope of delifery: 1 chain belt conveyor, Wagensveld B.V. 1 piece feed hopper with pre-compressor flaps 1 piece wirbulator 1 baler MACPRESSE, type 111A 2 wire drawing frames with wire reel stands, without wire 1 operating manual with CE declaration, electrical and hydraulic circuit diagram

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1979, functionality: fully functional, Description 100 TON C FRAME PRESS WITH BOTTOM FORCE BACK UP 40 TON Machine is great working condition, was overhauled cilinder, sealings. AWAILIBLE 3 MACHINES BOTTOM FORCE 40 TON Specifications Manufacturer MULLER 100T Model CEZ 100 Kodpsvldxiofx Ai Rjdr Year 1979 Condition Used Press force 100 TON Travel up doen 0-560mm Travel bottom up 0-200mm Power 15Kw

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1978, functionality: fully functional, WE OFFER AN VERY NICE CONDITION EXCENTRIC PRESS MAX FORCE: 63TON HEIGHT 10 - 110 mm Kjdevlduqspfx Ai Rodr number of stroke: 140/71 weight 4500kg MACHINE WILL BE AWAILIBLE AFTER NEW YEAR