Used Automatic Cnc For Drilling for sale (35,319)

Condition: used, Shank cutters and drill bits in mint condition, unused, sharpened and second-hand, for CNC machines, as shown in the examples. Technical data: - Length: Various - Diameter: Various - Shank: Various Hsdpfx Aszrybpjb Ajt - Weight: 12 kg - Application: Woodworking

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Y axis drilling: 920 mm Y axis sawing: 860 mm X axis: 3000 mm Hsdpsl D Rw Ejfx Ab Ast Z axis: 12 mm - 40 mm A axis: 360 ° min. Dimensions plate: (X) 300 mm x (Y) 120 mm x (Z) 12 mm Feed speed: 20 m/min Drill: 5 mm / 20 mm / 35 mm Milling tool: 8 mm Grooving saw: 90 mm x 3.5 mm Maximum groove depth with saw blade: 10 mm min. Hole diameter: 3 mm max. hole diameter: 35 mm motor power: 1,3 kW weight: 500 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Flexible N.C. line for drilling, routing and "hardware" insertion. Numerical Control "TPA" Albatros. Composed by: 1) Hedgehog loader, with 12 positions (for 12 panels), vertical panel introduction. 2) CNC Drilling and routering machine Mod. Over 25.13 with inserter (for bushes, shelf support and base). - N. 1 operating head (estimated KW 5,5) with tool storing revolver (10 positions) - N. 1 boring head with 24 independent spindles (X axis) - N. 1 boring head with 2 independent spindles (Y axis) - N. 1 boring head with 5 independent spindles (Z axis) - N. 1 insertion unit (bushing screwing) - N. 1 insertion unit (shelf support pressure) - N. 1 storage and feeding tank 3) Unloader (90° side-deplacement), with motorized conveyor for vertical outfeed of the panel. Hjdpfx Abohvagke Ajt 4) Unloader - tilting (0°-90) moves the panel from vertical to horizontal, with motorized conveyor

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, I sell the multiple drilling machine with inserting Vitap Blitz Year: 2018 Number of drilling spindles 1 Number of inserting heads 1 Glue spraying with pump Programming CNC-driven X-axis Hodpfx Abewg Tyqs Ajt Very good condition. Available immediately

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 500 h, Throughfeed machining, workpiece machining from below, and automatic workpiece return to the operator. 3 controlled axes: X axis - uninterrupted workpiece transport via DDT (double dynamic transport system) with a brushless motor Y axis - drilling head travel Z axis - drilling - Double "0" reference: new laser generation for detecting the start and end of the workpiece. The program can adjust the drilling from below to achieve perfect alignment in vertical and horizontal workpieces. The laser consists of a transmitter and receiver to avoid errors with dark edge materials. - Side stops with rollers consisting of a fixed and a movable part, mechanical digital readout with automatic alignment to the 0 stop for removal of up to 3 mm on the 0 line - Constant side pressing device for precise positioning on the 0 line. - Rear workpiece outlet - Automatic 4-position tool changer - No workpiece length limitation - Monitor LCD TFT 19" 5/4 - Industrial PC - Operator interface WSC with Lister, parametric tool, and parametric setup - Graphical programming CAD TPA EDI32, basic version - USB port - Storage of all files - Macro programming - Import DXF files Technical data Number of independent, vertical spindles: 12 Number of independent, horizontal spindles on the X axis: (2+2) Number of horizontal drilling spindles on the Y axis: (2+2) 1 saw (Ø 100mm) Electric spindle 5 kW with ISO30 taper (RPM 12000-24000) Max. workpiece weight: 80 kg Max. workpiece dimensions: X unlimited, Y 1200 mm, Z 50 mm Min. workpiece dimensions: X 270, Y 185 (70op), Z 4 mm Feed rate: 25m/min Spindle speed: 3500 RPM Max. horizontal tool Ø 12mm Max. drilling depth horizontal on the X and Y axis 30mm Max. drilling depth vertical: 45 mm Max. vertical tool Ø 35mm Air consumption 2000 m3/h Extraction speed 30 m/s Extraction nozzle 2xØ. 100mm + 1xØ.50 mm Motor: 1.7 kw Compressed air: 7 bar Max. air consumption: 60 nlt/min CE STANDARDS - Office software - license - Adjustable zero point for 4-sided formatting - CE compliant Hjdpfjzuxdbox Ab Ast - Status: 05/28/2026: approx. 500 operating hours and a new PC has been installed.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007247, Maximum edge height: 3 mm Hsdpfxot H Twyo Ab Ajt

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008608, X axis working area: 2500 mm Y axis working area: 1300 mm Main Electrospindle power: 6 KW Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 84 Hedpszqz N Sofx Ab Aot

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008601, Max. panel width: 3200 mm Max. panel length: 1000 mm No of Bottom Units: 6 Hedpszbrnhofx Ab Aot No of Top Units: 4 Lateral horizontal groups: yes

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, Controller NCT104 (Made in Hungary) Table dimensions 1800 x 1800 mm X-axis travel 3500 mm Y-axis travel 1200 mm Hjdpsyvuh Ijfx Ab Aet Z-axis travel 1500 mm W-axis travel 570 mm Spindle diameter 130 mm Table rotates via CNC program Spindle taper SK50 Weight 32 000 kgs Dimensions L x W x H = 6700 x 6000 x 4420 mm

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007803, Max. panel width: 3200 mm Max. panel length: 1000 mm No of Bottom Units: 4 Positioning of Units by NC: yes Hjdpjyhbhwefx Ab Aot Lateral horizontal groups: yes

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2012, laser source manufacturer: Rofin, laser power: 200 W, overall weight: 1,000 kg, total length: 2,300 mm, total width: 770 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, StarCut Tube Precision CNC cutting for tubes and flat parts Precision cutting for tubes and flat materials From catheter shafts to stents, hypotubes, and more A highly stable cutting platform – the SL uses a mineral cast base – delivers contour cutting accuracy better than ±5 µm. The machine was manufactured in 2012 but never used in production. It was only checked to ensure that everything was functioning correctly. Weight (kg) 1000 Length (m) 2.3 Height (m) 1.8 Depth (m) 0.77 Other dimensions Pallet not included in the dimensions We can assist with delivery to any location. The machine is in very good technical condition. The machine can be inspected and tested in Poland at the following address: 33-350 Piwniczna Zdrój, Poland. Hedpfezt A H Rex Ab Ajt

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008566, X axis working area: 3000 mm Y axis working area: 1300 mm Hjdpfxjzvwpre Ab Aot Main Electrospindle power: 6.5 KW Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 82

Year of construction: 1998, condition: excellent (used), I sell the window profiling automat centre Weinig Univar 10 Year 1998. Moulding heads OERTLI. Hodofzzhrepfx Ab Ast Available immediately. Unit price 8.500 euro. 4 pcs. available. Condition very good !

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, machine/vehicle number: 2026BD25, bending angle (max.): 190 °, overall weight: 1,000 kg, total length: 1,800 mm, total width: 850 mm, total height: 1,230 mm, power: 8 kW (10.88 HP), input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: AC, warranty duration: 12 months, control cabinet height: 1,200 mm, Single - Head Servo CNC Pipe Bending Machine BD25CNC3A1S Machine Model: BD25CNC3A1S Machine Applications  Transportation Sector For locomotives, automobiles, and bicycles: exhaust manifolds, brake lines, fuel supply conduits, steering mechanisms, air - conditioning ducting systems, seating assemblies, balancing components, bumper structures, window frame assemblies, handlebar components, and frame structures.  Furniture Industry Indoor and outdoor seating and table sets, office furniture including desks and chairs, shelving units, bed frames and associated furniture pieces.  Leisure and Recreation Industry Fitness apparatus, infant strollers, utility carts, and amusement ride installations.  HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air - Conditioning) and Appliance Industry Water heating units, electric heating appliances, gas - fired cooktops, refrigeration units, and air - conditioning equipment.  Heavy Industrial Sphere Piping networks for boilers, heat exchanger, power generation plants, chemical processing facilities, diesel engine manufacturing, and shipbuilding operations.  Diverse Other Industries Household consumer goods, rehabilitation - oriented medical devices, sanitary fixtures, the decoration and interior design sector, the construction industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the aviation manufacturing and maintenance industry. Maximum Bending Pipe Diameter × Wall Thickness (Normal Steel, Aluminum, Copper etc.) Φ25mm×1.2mm Maximum Bending Radius R150mm Maximum Bending Angle 190° Maximum Feeding Length 1200mm Working Speed: Bending Speed Max. 150°/s Working Speed: Pipe Rotating Speed Max. 200°/s Working Speed: Feeding Speed Max. 1000mm/s Working Precision: Bending Precision ±0.1° Working Precision: Pipe Rotating Precision ±0.1° Working Precision: Feeding Precision ±0.1mm Hjdpfsyak E Nex Ab Ajt Data Transmission Mode 1. Coordinates (X.Y.Z) 2. Working Values (Y.B.C) Bending Mode Servo Bending

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, total height: 2,700 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, total length: 2,000 mm, power: 0.01 kW (0.01 HP), CNC-Drilling and Milling machine, Control Heidenhain TNC 426, only 8500 h Hodpfx Aotvmtkjb Ajt table size 380x920 mm, travel X/Y/Z/W - 500/350/610 mm, max. table load 250 kg, spindle speed stepless 50-10'000 rpm., spindle performance 10,2 kw, drilling capacity Ø 25 mm, tapping capacity M20, taper SK 30, tool changer 24 places, elektronic handwheel, central lubrication, oil mist filter, coolant refigitor, preparation for spindle coolant + Renishaw, lot of tools and holders, manual

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, travel distance X-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 330 mm, FANUC ROBODRILL T21i DL CNC DRILL-TAP MACHINE MAKE FANUC, MADE IN JAPAN MODEL ROBODRILL T21i DL CONTROL FANUC 16I-MB Hedpfotnh Alex Ab Ast YEAR 2003 TABLE SIZE 850.0 x 410.0 mm TRAVERSES X Y Z 700.0 x 400.0 x 330.0 mm SPINDLE SPEED 10 – 20,000 RPM ATC 21 STATIONS SPINDLE TRAPER ISO 30 RAPID TRAVERSE 54m/min DISTANCE BETWEEN SPINDLE NOSE TO TABLE 150.0 mm – 480.0 mm CUTTING FEEDRATE 1 – 30,000mm/min TOOL CHANGE TIME 1.6 sec MAX TOOL DIA 80.0 mm MAX TOOL LENGTH 200.0 mm MAX TOLL WEIGHT 2 kgs POWER RATING 5.5 Kw PLUS SWARF TRAY COOLANT SYSTEM SET OF TOOLING SET OF MANUALS

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The fully automatic aluminum circular saw UK 350 A 90° CNC + drilling unit (cutting angle 90°) was specially developed for cutting profile and solid materials made of cast aluminium, copper and hard plastics. An automatic feed and an automatic cutting movement are ideal for fast and precise series production! The material feed is up to 700 mm with one stroke. Multiple strokes and thus longer sections can be easily entered from the control panel. The main vice clamps the material over two horizontal and two vertical clamping cylinders, the material feed clamps over one horizontal and one vertical clamping cylinder. The cutting and feed speed can be adjusted to suit the material to be cut via the large and clearly arranged control panel! The machine is equipped with a mechanical lifting height adjustment, the maximum cutting height is 100 mm. A large protective hood covers the entire work area and is lifted pneumatically at the push of a button! The UK 350 A 90° CNC + drilling unit comes standard with an air spray gun for cleaning the machine! Connections for a chip extraction system are available on this machine. This machine is equipped with the vertical drilling unit TR 14 (drilling capacity up to ø 14 mm, thread M12). This has a connection to the cycle control of the aluminum circular saw. Hodpfx Abekqz H De Aet

Year of construction: 2000, condition: excellent (used), TORNOS DECO 2000 CNC automatic lathe TECHNICAL DATA Dimensions and weights Dimensions: length: 2000 mm width: 1260 mm Height: 1950 mm Weight: Empty: 2550 kg Specific floor load: Approximately: 8 daN/cm2 Axles Hsdsmdn Imepfx Ab Aot 1 movable headstock: Z1, S1 2 independent linear Tooling system on the vertical: X1 / Y1 (S6) - X2 / Y2, S2 1 front attachment, 4 spindles: X3 / Z3 1 independent pick-up spindle: Y4 / Z4, S4 1 independent tooling system in backworking: X4 (S5) General data Bar capacity: For min. remnant: 13 mm For max. remnant: 16 mm Max. Workpiece length: With rotating guide bush: 180 mm Work in clamp: 30 mm Main spindle speed: 12000 rpm Spindle rotation direction: Preferably: To the right Motorization main spindle: Continuous operation: 2,2 kW Intermittent duty: 3,7 kW Motorization tapping spindle: Continuous operation: 1,5 kW / Intermittent operation: 2,2 kW Headstock clamp type: F20 Guide bushes: rotating, fixed Type of F'bushing tongs: Master: 605 Number of tools in main operation: Fixed: 2 x 5 / Rotating: 3 + 3 Number of front tools: Fixed: 4 / Rotating: 3 Cross section of tools: 12 x 12 Tool tongs: Rotating Standard: ESX 20 Number of tools in backworking: Fixed: 3 + 3 / Rotating possible: 3 + 3 Bar feeder: Yes Parts removal: Basic version Machine type: Moving headstock Machine axis height: 1100 mm Headstock travel: 255 mm Bar guide position: To the right of the user Bar passage: 1-16 mm Telescopic tube passage: Bore: 6-17 mm Speed: Left / right: -12000 to 12000 rpm Headstock feed speed: Max. 20 m/min We do not take any responsibility for the correctness, completeness and up-to-dateness of the information.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The drilling machine can be used both manually and fully automatically. After each drilling process, the system moves fully automatically in the X and Y axes to the next drilling position in the standard version. ADVANTAGES Potential operator errors are drastically reduced. Programming takes just a few minutes. Significant reduction in manpower. product details Standard measuring lengths: 3,000mm 6,000mm Drill: Unimax 3 T AV (alternatively also with Unimax 4 Basic) Continuous drilling capacity in E 335 25 mm Normal drilling capacity 30 mm Thread cutting capacity M 20 Spindle MT 3 Automatic feeds (3T AV) 30 – 400 mm/rev Drilling depth 125 mm Column diameter 110 mm Weight 250kg Pole-changing motor 0.8/1.5 kW UNIMAX 3T/3T AV M00023/M00009 Hodpfxjfu Swxj Ab Ajt Spindle speeds infinitely variable Range A 80 – 1,400 rpm Range B 180 – 3,200 rpm motorized height adjustment, anti-twist device Optional: thread cutting device Fully automatic execution Automatic positioning of the X-axis Automatic positioning of the Y-axis Automatic drilling process Total length: 7,500mm Manual drilling is possible Coordinate table with motorized drive for the Y-axis via the control Travel of the Y-axis 200 mm Movable clamping table with motorized drive for the X-axis via the control X-axis travel: 3,000 mm Clamping table with groove for clamping the pneumatic clamping pieces and material support blocks. 2-axis control with memory control with 3,000 memory options Minimum quantity spray system with spray head and holder It is always possible for you to inspect the desired system in our production/demonstration hall. Please do not hesitate to contact us.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, CNC Gantry (Portal) flexible machine (Through-feed panel in horizontal position) Numerical Control Open powerTouch, Software WoodWOP (Ready for TAPIO) In-feeding working table (panel support) + Out-feeding working table (panel support) Panels (workpieces) feeding by No. 3 motorized conveyor belts Minimum workpieces dimensions (X - Y - Z) mm 250 x 100 x 12 Maximum workpieces dimensions (X - Y - Z) mm 2500 x 1050 x 60 Lateral Guide for sensitive Workpieces edges No. 3 Vertical Pressure Clamps Motorized carpet to evacuate chips and wastes. Built-in electric and command cabinet Total installed power: Kw 47 approx OPTIONAL: WIRELESS BAR CODE SCANNER N° 2 WORKING GROUPS (TOP) - (SERVO-MOTOR for X-Y-Z axis ): N° 4 Drilling heads V15 (4 x Kw 2.3) with No. 15 vertical spindles each (total top spindles No. 60) N° 3 WORKING GROUPS (BOTTOM) - (SERVO-MOTOR for X-Y-Z axis : Hodpfx Ajx Aqi Eob Ajt N° 3 Drilling heads V32 (3 x Kw 2.3) with No. 32 vertical spindles each (total bottom spindles No 96) N° 3 Drilling heads V35 (3 x Kw 2.3) with No. 35 vertical spindles each (total bottom spindles No 105) N° 6+6 (total 12) horizontal drilling spindles in Y-axe N° 2 WORKING GROUPS (HORIZONTAL) N° 2 Drilling heads H21 (2 x Kw 2,3) with horizontal spindles N° 21 Horizontal drilling spindles (Right Side) + N° 21 Horizontal drilling spindles (Left Side)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, • Maximum possible drilling depth: 1200 mm • Maximum hole diameter: 32 mm • Minimum drilling diameter: 6 mm • Longitudinal travel (X-axis) table: 1800 mm • Cross travel (Z-axis) column: 1700 mm • Cross travel (W-axis) drilling head: 1150 mm • Vertical travel (Y-axis) drilling head: 1200 mm • Clamping surface NC table: 1500 x 1000 mm • Maximum table load: 10 t • Rotary axis (B-axis) rotary table: 360° • Rotary axis (A-axis) drilling head: -25°/+15° • Feed rate: 1-15 m/min (Y-axis: 1-10 m/min) • Rapid traverse speed in all axes: 15 m/min (Y-axis: 10 m/min) • Maximum spindle speed: 6000 rpm • Minimum spindle speed: 60 rpm • Tool holder: SK 40 • Tool clamping: OTT • Rated power main drive (100% ED, S1/40% ED, S6): 9/13 kW • Coolant tank capacity: 1000 l • Maximum coolant pressure: 100 bar • Low-pressure external and high-pressure internal coolant supply • Power supply: 3x 400 V; 50 Hz • Required installation space (L x W x H): 6550 x 5350 x 4130 mm • Machine weight: 12,000 kg Deep Hole Drilling Machine Equipment • CNC control: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 • Interpolated rotary table with minimal backlash, dimensions 1500 x 1000 mm • Swiveling drilling head +15°/-25° • Shank drilling head • Handwheel HR520 • Fixed supports (2 units) • Tool magazine: ELB tools: 12 pcs (max. diameter: 32 mm / max. length: 1550 mm) Standard tools: 12 pcs (max. diameter: 140 mm / max. length: 400 mm) • Direct measurement and positioning system in X, Y, and Z axes • Collision monitoring system for supports and drill sleeves • Oil cooler • Coolant flow control system • Adjustable coolant nozzles • Cooling unit for electrical cabinet • Enclosed upper cover (roof) • Drip tray for machine and tank facility (tray height 30 mm) • Extraction system • Infrared touch probe • Drilling depth extension 1200 mm (retrofit) • Chip conveyor Hjdpfx Abjxyf E Ns Ajt

Condition: good (used), Heid S-200 CNC Lathe Manufacturer: Heid Type: S 200 Machine Type: CNC Lathe Tailstock Travel: 175 mm Tailstock Spindle Taper: Morse Taper: MT4 Quad Stroke: 140 mm Quad Diameter: 95 mm Driving Force: 17 kN Power Supply: 50 Hz, 3x: 380 V Total Power Requirement: 65 kVA Spindle Speeds: Infinitely Variable from 0 rpm to 4000 rpm Spindle Bore: 77 mm Tool Shank Cross-Section: 25x25 mm Swing Diameter over Bed: 420 mm Maximum Swing Diameter: 250 mm Hodjx Elw Eopfx Ab Ajt Turntable Slide: Longitudinal Travel (Z-Axis): 1150 mm Cross Travel (X-Axis): 230 mm Financing through our bank is also possible. komplett-konzept.leasingo.de You can find more items – new and used – in our Shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, overall weight: 7,400 kg, FANUC Series 18i-TB control system, IEMCA AUTOMATA 2.5 robot loader – year 2010. AVAILABLE FROM NOVEMBER 2026. Hedszxr Izepfx Ab Aot

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1992, Travel range, X-axis: 1500 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 420 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 400 mm Clamping area: 2 x 700 mm x 420 mm Max. table load: 800 kg Number of tools: 2 x 36 pieces Tool holder: SK 40 Rapid traverse rate: 25 m/min Weight: 9 t Space requirement: 6.50 x 4.5 x 3.1 m Low speed: 50 RPM High speed: 7500 RPM (stepless) Hedpjcph Tmsfx Ab Ajt Rapid traverse: 25000 mm/min Control system: Siemens Sinumerik 820 M GA 3 + 2 x single-axis stepper motor control Sama SFI Current clamping system: per station, 1 NC indexing head with counter bearing, support plate, rotary table, and hydraulic clamping, and 4-axis indexing head with rotary table in special design and separate NC control Clamping system: 4-axis indexing head consists of 4 x 2-jaw chucks, clamping pressure 12 bar, manufacturer: Hofmann HMR 4/kombi 294/4 Tool breakage monitoring system: Meutrsuix ATM B310 Renishaw measuring probe system (without probe) Coolant system with chip conveyor, filter system, and fine filter

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Drilling and milling machine Kudu with CNC control and tool changer (3-axis) drilling and milling machine with movable processing unit - the table remains stationary, the drill head moves. The drilling machine can be used both manually and fully automatically. After each drilling process, the processing unit moves to the next drilling position fully automatically in the X and Y axes. Operation is kept very simple. The data can be transferred to the machine control using the file formats DXF./DWG. be carried out via a programming station. Alternatively, the system can also be programmed directly on the machine control. The system is very robust and consists of proven machine components. Technical data: • Measuring length: 6,000 mm • Total length: 8,050 mm • Stable machine base • Drilling head speed: up to 2500 rpm (standard version), is supplied with the right speed for your application. • Tool holder: SK 40 • Drive of the X, Y and Z-axes via servomotors • Rapid traverse in the X-axis: 20 m/min • Rapid traverse in the Y-axis: 5 m/min • Distance from upper edge of table to lower edge of tool holder 400 mm • Table width 480 mm • Working height: 1050 mm • Drilling diameter: 3 to 30 mm in St. 50 (depending on the tool) • Tapping: M4 - M30 (with compensating chuck) • Machining path in the Y axis: 300 mm • Tolerance in the X axis: + - 0.1 mm • Tolerance in the Y-axis: 0.06 mm • Tolerance in the Z-axis: 0.06 mm • Drill head drive motor: 5.5 kW • System weight: 2300 kg • System dimensions: 8050 mm x 3000 mm x 2388 mm (see layout plan) • Power connection: 32 A • Air connection: 8 bar • Protection of the system at the front via light barrier • Access protection at the rear, machine fence • Control touch screen panel 21.5", reinforced front glass • Easy programming on the Machine • Milling of long holes and circles • Lubrication takes place using a minimum quantity spray system • without material vices • Remote maintenance possible using Teamviewer (LAN interface) • Tool memory for drilling tools, with dimensions, speed • Simulation of work processes • Digital hand wheel Hodpfsfu Ivzjx Ab Aot Your advantages • The surface of the workpieces is protected • Clear, graphic surface • Machining directly at the end of the workpiece is not difficult • 50% space saving compared to pushing machining • Chips are collected in the chip tray • Simplest programming & operation • Minimum quantity spray system (standard) • Programming errors are prevented by CAD /CAM excluded