Used Backtechnik Conical Rounding Machine for sale (67,012)
Sort results
- Lowest price Highest price
- Newest listings Oldest listings
- Shortest distance Farthest distance
- Newest year of manufacture Oldest year of manufacture
- Latest update Oldest update
- Manufacturer A to Z Manufacturer Z to A
- Relevance
- Lowest price
- Price
- Highest price
- Price
- Newest listings
- Release date
- Oldest listings
- Release date
- Shortest distance
- Distance
- Farthest distance
- Distance
- Newest year of manufacture
- Year of construction
- Oldest year of manufacture
- Year of construction
- Latest update
- Update
- Oldest update
- Update
- Manufacturer A to Z
- Manufacturer
- Manufacturer Z to A
- Manufacturer
- designation from A to Z
- Description
- designation from Z to A
- Description
- Model from A to Z
- Model
- Model from Z to A
- Model
- Lowest reference
- Ref.No.
- Highest reference
- Ref.No.
- Shortest runtime
- Runtime
- Longest duration
- Runtime
- Relevance
- Relevance
Auction
Auction ended
Gelderland
7,560 km
Round bending machine
HaeuslerVRM 3000x25mm
Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1994, machine/vehicle number: 10659, roller (bottom) diameter: 300 mm, roller (top) diameter: 350 mm, working width: 3,000 mm, sheet thickness (max.): 25 mm, empty load weight: 24,000 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS
Number of rollers: 4 pcs
Max. sheet thickness: 25 mm
Max. working width: 3,000 mm
Upper roller diameter: 350 mm
Lower roller diameter: 300 mm
MACHINE DETAILS
Control: Conventional
Blodpfxoyua Ezo Aqwjl
Dimensions & Weight
Dimensions (L x W x H): 6,300 x 2,000 x 1,800 mm
Unladen weight: 24,000 kg
Transport packages: 1 pc.
Listing
Enschede
7,598 km
Round bending machine
MEGEYMS 56-10/1
Call
Condition: new, roller (top) diameter: 56 mm, roller diameter: 56 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 1 mm, - Capacity 1050 x 1 mm
- Roll diameter 56 mm
- Conical roller
- Swiveling top roller
- Foot control
- Emergency stop
- Documentation
Bedpor Ixrkjfx Aqwsll
- 400V
Listing
Cesena
8,452 km
Round bending machines
MG3000x22 mm 4 roll
Call
Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, machine/vehicle number: M3022, control type: manual, degree of automation: manual, actuation type: hydraulic, controller manufacturer: Delsy, controller model: Digital readout, number of rollers: 4, roller (bottom) diameter: 330 mm, roller (top) diameter: 350 mm, side roll diameter: 260 mm, roller diameter: 400 mm, roller length: 3,000 mm, working width: 3,100 mm, working height: 900 mm, sheet thickness (max.): 22 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 22 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 22 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 30 mm, overall weight: 13,000 kg, power: 10 kW (13.60 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, number of digital displays: 4, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: cone bending device, documentation/manual, hardened rollers, swiveling upper roller, Bending capacity with dual Initial pinch planetary
plate width 3000 mm
thickness 22 mm
pre-bend 18 mm
---
Length on the rolls 3100 mm
top roll 350 mm
lower roll 330 mm
Bljdpfx Aoid Al Nsqwel
Power electric 20Hp Vac 400/50
Installed configuration
Hardened surface of the 4 rolls
Driven central rolls rotation hydraulic motorized with gear units
Synchronized hydraulic rotation between the rolls
Rolls parallelism lifetime set with torsion bar
Conical plate bend hydraulic attachment
Calibration re-rolling feature for welded shells
Front open drop-end to unload the closed rolled plates.
Control console electric commands with digital readout
Safety and emergency systems installed
Manuals and schematics originals
Listing
Emskirchen
7,991 km
Book cover rounding machine
HunkelerBDRM
Call
Condition: used, Year of construction: 1986, machine/vehicle number: 4808, Buchdeckenrundemaschine - Book cover rounding machine Hunkeler BDRM Year 1986 - Serial-No. 4808-2
Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video
Bedeh Axcgepfx Aqwjll
We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock
Available Immediately - Can be inspect
On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test
Listing
Enschede
7,598 km
Round bending machine
OSTASORM 2070 x 140
Call
Condition: new, roller (bottom) diameter: 140 mm, roller (top) diameter: 140 mm, side roll diameter: 140 mm, roller diameter: 140 mm, roller length: 2,070 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 4 mm, Equipment: cone bending device, documentation/manual, emergency stop, hardened rollers, swiveling upper roller, - Capacity: 2070 x 4
- Electrically adjustable follower roller
- Electrically adjustable lower roller (material clamping)
- Digital display for the movement of the rear roller
- Digital display for lower roller movement (material clamping)
- Infinitely adjustable speed
- Hardened rollers
- Tapered rollers
- Removable top roller
- Brake motor
- Emergency stop
Bljdpfx Aqehvr Nljwel
- Documentation
- 400V
Listing
Emskirchen
7,991 km
Book Back Rounding Machine
ZecchiniSaturno
Call
Condition: used, Year of construction: 1985, machine/vehicle number: 15073, Buchrückenrundemaschine - Book Back Rounding Machine Zecchini SaturnoYear 1985
Working width max. 500mm
Thickness of books 0 - 100mm
Output 400 - 600 Blocks/hour
Bedpfx Ajh Axbxjqwjll
Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video
We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock
Available Immediately - Can be inspect
On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test
Listing
Mudersbach
7,748 km
Hydraulic 4 Rolls Round Bending Machine
Isitan4R HMS 2050x200
Call
Condition: new, Isitan Hydraulic 4-Roll Round Bending Machine
4R HMS 2050x200
2 Speeds
Top and bottom rolls driven
Hydraulic side roll adjustment
3 Digital displays
Hydraulic folding bearing
Hardened rolls
Tapered bending device
Separate control panel
Useful length: 2050 mm
Top roll diameter: 200 mm
Bsdpeh Ar Dusfx Aqwsll
Side roll diameter: 180 mm
Total motor power: 5.5 KW
Working speed: 3 m/min. – 6 m/min.
Weight: 3750 kg
Dimensions (mm): 3850 x 1350 x 1290 (L x W x H)
Bending performance data
10 mm at the smallest inner diameter of 1000 mm (5 x top roll)
8 mm at the smallest inner diameter of 300 mm (1.5 x top roll)
Edge bending performance data
8 mm at the smallest inner diameter of 1000 mm (5 x top roll)
6 mm at the smallest inner diameter of 300 mm (1.5 x top roll)
All bending capacities are calculated based on a yield strength of 250 N/mm2
Material (ST 37 - ST 42 structural steel)
Listing
Enschede
7,598 km
Round bending machine
OSTASSM 1270 x 76
Call
Condition: new, number of rollers: 3, roller (bottom) diameter: 76 mm, roller (top) diameter: 76 mm, side roll diameter: 76 mm, Equipment: cone bending device, documentation/manual, emergency stop, foot remote control, swiveling upper roller, - Capacity: 1270 x 1.5 mm
Bedsh Ralqepfx Aqwell
- Conical rollers
- Removable top roller
- Foot control
- Emergency stop
- Documentation
- 400V
Listing
Leipzig
7,966 km
Round Rod Grinding Machine
WINTERFS-80B2
Call
Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 1050x850x1300 mm
Weight 420 kg
Bedpfevz Hfqox Aqwjll
Total power requirement 4,5 kw
Listing
Mudersbach
7,748 km
3-roll round bending machine
CesurbendMRS 1550 x 140
Call
Condition: new, Cesurbend 3-Roll Round Bending Machine MRS 1550 x 140
Technical Specifications:
Special equipment included in the price:
Motorized lower roll adjustment
Hardened rolls
Motorized rear roll adjustment
Digital display
Sheet metal width 1550 mm
Sheet metal thickness 5.0 mm max.
Bsdpfx Aqohrdmmswsll
Sheet metal thickness 4.0 mm for pre-bending
Roll length 1550 mm
Roll diameter 140 mm
Weight 1360 kg
Dimensions L-W-H 2320 x 850 x 1200 mm
Motor: 2.2 KW
Equipment:
Top and bottom rolls electrically driven
Top roll can be pivoted outwards
Taper bending device
Asymmetrical roll arrangement
Self-braking main motor
Separate control and operating panel
Safety cable
Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm²
CE marking
Listing
Mudersbach
7,748 km
3-roll round bending machine
FastechFRM 1050 x 90
Call
Condition: new, Fastech 3-Roll Round Bending Machine FRM 1050 x 90
Technical Specifications:
Special equipment included in the price:
hardened rolls
motorized rear roll adjustment
digital display
Sheet metal width 1050 mm
Sheet metal thickness 3.3 mm max.
Sheet metal thickness for pre-bending 3.0 mm
Roll length 1050 mm
Roll diameter 90 mm
Smallest bending diameter 130 mm
Bodpfohzq Dbjx Aqwjll
Weight 475 kg
Dimensions L-W-H 1750 x 800 x 1130 mm
Motor: 1.1 KW
Equipment:
Top and bottom rolls, electrically driven
Top roll can be pivoted out
Taper bending device
asymmetrical roll arrangement
self-braking main motor
separate control and operating panel
Safety cable
Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm²
CE marking
Listing
Mudersbach
7,748 km
3-roll round bending machine
FastechFRS 2050 x 140
Call
Condition: new, Fastech 3-Roll Round Bending Machine FRS 2050 x 140
Technical Specifications:
Special equipment included in the price:
hardened rolls
Bljdpfx Ajhzq D Heqwel
motorized rear roll adjustment
motorized lower roll adjustment
2 x digital display
Sheet metal width 2050 mm
Sheet metal thickness 4.5 mm max.
Sheet metal thickness 4.0 mm for pre-bending
Roll length 2050 mm
Roll diameter 140 mm
Smallest bending diameter 210 mm
Weight 1530 kg
Dimensions L-W-H 3240 x 900 x 1200 mm
Motor: 2.2 kW
Equipment:
Top and bottom rolls electrically driven
Top roll can be swung out
Taper bending device
asymmetrical roll arrangement
self-braking main motor
separate control and operating panel
Safety cord
Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm²
CE marking
Listing
Leipzig
7,966 km
Round Tenon Milling Machine
WINTERYRT-115
Call
Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 1760x1150x1320 mm
Weight 1100 kg
Total power requirement 4,5 kw
Bjdpfx Ajv A Hykoqwsll
Listing
Mudersbach
7,748 km
3-roll round bending machine
OstasORM 1570 x 140
Call
Condition: new, Ostas 3-Roll Round Bending Machine ORM 1570 x 140
Bljdpjiu Hqgofx Aqwel
Special equipment included in the price:
Hardened rolls
Motorized rear roll adjustment
Digital display
Sheet metal width 1570 mm
Sheet metal thickness 5.0 mm max.
Sheet metal thickness 4.0 mm for pre-bending
Roll length 1570 mm
Roll diameter 140 mm
Weight 1450 kg
Dimensions L-W-H 2725 x 800 x 1100 mm
Motor: 2.2 KW
Equipment:
Top and bottom roll driven electrically
Top roll can be swung out
Taper bending device
Asymmetrical roll arrangement
Self-braking main motor
Separate control and operating panel
Safety cable
CE marking
Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm²
Listing
Mudersbach
7,748 km
3-roll round bending machine
OstasSMR-S 1070 x 130
Call
Condition: new, Ostas 3-Roll Round Bending Machine SMR-S 1070 x 130
Technical Specifications:
Special equipment included in the price:
Hardened rolls
Motorized rear roll adjustment
Bodeiw D Dxspfx Aqwell
Digital display
Sheet metal width 1070 mm
Sheet metal thickness 7.0 mm max.
Sheet metal thickness 6.0 mm for pre-bending
Roll length 1070 mm
Smallest diameter 195 mm
Roll diameter 130 mm
Weight 1150 kg
Dimensions L-W-H 2550 x 630 x 1020 mm
Motor 3.75 kW
Equipment:
Top and bottom rolls, electrically driven
Top roll can be swung out
Taper bending device
Asymmetrical roll arrangement
Self-braking main motor
Separate control and operating panel
Safety cable, CE marking
Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm²
Listing
Emskirchen
7,997 km
Book Back Rounding Machine
Karl TränkleinBRM 500
Call
Condition: used, Maschine zum Runden von fadengehefteten und klebegebundenen Buchblocks.
Machine for rounding thread-sewn and adhesive-bound book blocks.
Buchrückenrundemaschine - Book Back Rounding Machine Tränklein BRM 500
Bedpfx Aezipdusqwsll
Serial-No. 1416/66/6
Arbeitsbreite / Working width max. 540mm
Buchstärke / Thickness of books 0 - 100mm
Leistung / Output 400 - 600 Blocks/Stunde
Online-Video-Inspection by WhatsApp - MS Zoom - Telegram
On Stock Emskirchen/Nürnberg - Available Immediately - Can be test
Listing
Enschede
7,598 km
Round bending machine
OSTASORM 1070 x 130
Call
Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, number of rollers: 3, roller (bottom) diameter: 130 mm, roller (top) diameter: 130 mm, side roll diameter: 130 mm, roller length: 1,070 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 5 mm, Equipment: cone bending device, documentation/manual, emergency stop, foot remote control, hardened rollers, swiveling upper roller, - Capacity: 1070 x 5
- Electrically adjustable idler roller
- Digital display for rear roller movement
- Hardened rollers
- Conical rollers
- Rotatable top roller
- Brake motor
- Foot control
- Emergency stop
- Documentation
- 400V
Bedsirwlajpfx Aqwell
Listing
Kirchheim bei München
8,143 km
Book cover rounding machine
Prakma
Call
Condition: used, Prakma book cover rounding machine ( Case Rounding machine)
Very good condition, full function.
Various rounding radii available.
Other machines available (riveting machine, eyeletting machine, bundling machine, corner rounding machine, drilling machine, stitching machine)
More machines on stock.
Bledpfxjty Tr Ej Aqwjl
Price plus VAT. EXW. All information without guarantee. Subject to prior sale. Dealer transaction. The sale takes place under exclusion of any warranty.
Listing
Bopfingen
8,017 km
Drilling machine round tubes, rectangula
UniBohrFix 50
Call
Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, SEMI-AUTOMATIC DRILLING RIG “UNIBORFIX 50”
With the UniBohrFix 50 drilling system, all profiles can be machined against a stop or with grippers. The
Drilling is done manually using the lever, with the materials on the X-axis automatically pointing to the
drive to the next drilling position. Easily drill entire programs or work with the stop plate
quickly carry out individual drillings. The system is suitable for weights up to 100 kg. The facility also contains
Bedpfsgwt Sljx Aqwjll
a minimum quantity spray unit with holder and spray can.
The technical data of the standard version can be found in the table. If necessary, all components of the
system can be adapted to your requirements. You can choose between different drilling machines, roller conveyors,
select positioning systems and vices.
Plantec configures the system so that it suits you perfectly!
ADVANTAGES
A sequence of holes is automatically executed at precise intervals.
Potential operator errors are drastically reduced.
Programming takes just a few minutes.
Very good value for money.
Significant reduction in manpower.
Standard measuring lengths:
3,000mm
6,000mm
Drill: Unimax 2 T
Spindle MK2
Continuous drilling capacity 18 mm
Speed ranges:
100-2000rpm, 200-4000rpm
Projection 225 mm
Spindle/table distance 60-400 mm
Adjustable vice with measuring linear display
Positioning length stop: PD-100e
control for automatic positioning
Positioning: absolute or chain dimensions
Easy to read LED display
Trolley with DC servo motor
Positioning accuracy +/- 0.1 mm/m
Attachment arm with spring damping
Stop plate with groove
Memory control with 3,000 memory options
Roller conveyors: RD-200/3
load capacity 200 kg/m
Roll width 290 mm
Roll diameter 40 / 50 mm
insert sheets
Struts for stabilization
switch cabinet
Available options:
Minimum quantity spray system with spray head and holder
Gripper tongs for clamping the material on the stop plate
Listing
Bopfingen
8,017 km
Automatic drilling machine for round tu
Kudu mit NC-Steuerung
Call
Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Kudu automatic drilling machine with NC control and manual tool change (3-axis) automatic drilling machine with a mobile processing unit - the table remains stationary, the drilling head moves. The drilling machine can be used both manually and fully automatically. After each drilling process, the processing unit moves to the next drilling position fully automatically in the X and Y axes. Operation is kept very simple. The system is programmed directly on the machine control. The system is very robust and consists of proven machine components.
Technical data: • Measuring length: 6,000 mm • Total length: 8,000 mm • Stable machine base • Drilling head speed: up to 2800 rpm • Tool holder: HSK 50 • Drive of the X, Y and Z axis via servomotors • Rapid traverse in the X Axis: 18 m/min • Rapid traverse in the Y-axis: 5 m/min • Distance between the top edge of the table and the bottom edge of the tool holder 245 mm • Table width 450 mm • Working height: 1005 mm • Drilling diameter: 3 to 15 mm in St. 50 (depending on the tool) • Machining path in the Y-axis: 230 mm • Tolerance in the X-axis: +- 0.1 mm/m • Tolerance in the Y-axis: +- 0.05 mm • Tolerance in the Z-axis: +- 0, 05 mm • System weight: 2000 kg • System dimensions: 8000 mm x 2000 mm x 2388 mm (see layout plan) • Power connection: 32 A • Air connection: 8 bar • Protection of the system at the front via light barrier • Access protection at the rear, machine fence • Simple programming of the machine • Cooling takes place by means of a minimum quantity spray system • Without material clamping vices • Digital hand wheel
Blsdpfxefu Iwme Aqwel
Your advantages • The surface of the workpieces is protected • Clear, graphic surface • Machining directly at the end of the workpiece is not difficult • 50% space saving compared to pushing machining • Chips are collected in the chip tray • Simplest programming and operation
It is always possible for you to inspect the desired system in our production/demonstration hall.
Please do not hesitate to contact us.
Listing
Emskirchen
7,997 km
Round Pile Buckle Folding machine
HeidelbergTD 66/6-4-4
Call
Condition: used, Round Pile Buckle Folding machine Heidelberg Stahlfolder TD 66/6-4-4
Falzmaschine / Folding machine Heidelberg Stahlfolder TD 66/6-4-4
Baujahr / Year 1996 - Serial-No. 66748/95-225117
Rundstapelanleger / Round Pile Feeder
Arbeitsbreite / Working width max. 660mm
Bsdpfey Akwrex Aqwell
Falztyp / Folding Type 6 - 4 - 4
Schuppenauslage / Stream delivery
Inkl. Handbücher / Include Manuals
Online-Video-Inspection by WhatsApp - MS Zoom - Telegram
On Stock Emskirchen/Nürnberg - Available Immediately - Can be test
Trust Seal
Dealers certified through Used-Machines

Listing
Bopfingen
8,017 km
Automatic drilling machine for round tu
UniBohrFix 100 H
Call
Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, UNIBOHRFIX 100 H Fully automatic drilling machine, measuring length 6000mm
Item No. 6020
With the fully automatic drilling machine UniBohrFix 100, your material is positioned on the X-axis at the desired position, clamped and drilled. All you have to do is press the start button. Round tubes, rectangular tubes and angle profiles, as well as flat and solid materials, can be conveniently pneumatically clamped in the horizontal gripper of the positioning system. After simply entering the X values and calling up a program that has already been written, the machine works completely independently. The Y-axis can be adjusted by the operator using a handwheel with a digital display.
Advantages
• A sequence of holes is automatically executed at precise intervals.
• Potential operator errors are drastically reduced.
• Programming takes just a few minutes.
• Very good value for money.
• Significant reduction in labor force
Fully automatic execution
Measuring length: 6,000 mm
Total length: 13,500mm
NC 1-axis control Pneumatic vice (span 200 mm)
Bledpjfu Itbjfx Aqwel
Minimum quantity spray unit with holder and spray nozzle
Drill: Unimax 3T AV (for technical data see data sheet)
anti-rotation device
motorized height adjustment
tapping device
NC positioning system PD 200p
Feed force 200 kg
Positioning according to absolute and incremental dimensions possible Carriage with DC servo motor and encoder
Trolley with 12 ball bearings
Pneumatic stop clamping with high holding power
Steel guide rail with precision toothed rack Steel carrier profile to protect against dirt
Infeed and outfeed material roller conveyor RD-200/4
Length: 6,000 mm / 7,000 mm / load capacity 200 kg/m / rollers adjustable in height / mounting bracket / roller width 407 mm / insert plates / struts / roller diameter 50 mm / steel rollers
Listing
Emskirchen
7,997 km
Elektrischer Eckenrunder / Electric Corner Rounder
Pescha Round Corner Machine
Call
Condition: used, Elektrischer Eckenrunder / Electric Corner Rounder Pescha Round Corner Machine
Blsdpfxjyzi Iao Aqwjl
Online-Video-Inspection by WhatsApp - MS Zoom - Telegram
On Stock Emskirchen/Nürnberg - Available Immediately - Can be test
Listing
Józefin
8,377 km
ROUND ELBOW MACHINE
METFORMERMEM1250
Call
Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, The Round Elbow Machine is designed for quick assembly of air ducts, namely segments of
bends, transitions, and plugs. High quality hydraulic components have been used. Flanging
and assembly operations are carried out at 2 independent workstations, and it allows two
Bsdpfx Aqjg S N Niowjll
people work at the same time. T wisting and printing balls high abrasion resistance and
toughness with high durability and compressive strength is 2379 cold work tool steel.
Technical Data:
Diameter Range-125-1250mm
Sheet Metal Thickness-0,5-1,5mm
Roll forming Options-5-7,5-10mm 3 Set
Power-4 kw
Electricity-380V/3PH/50 HZ & 240V/3PH/60 HZ
Air Pressure-6-8 bar
Hydraulic Oil Level-90 lt
Processed Sheet Metal Thickness (Coated)-0,5-1,5
Machine Dimensions-750(width)x900(height)x2800(length)
Machine Weight-850 kg
Listing
Strassberg
7,985 km
Deburring and edge rounding machine
LANUSSLSP-L1350
Call
Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, max. working width: 1350 mm
workable material thickness: 0,5 - 80 mm
Infinitely variable feed speed: 0,5 - 6 m / min
Grinding belt dimensions: 1910 x 1350 mm
Sand rolling brush size: 300 x 400 mm
Sandbelt line speed: 12 m / s
Number of roller-brush planetary revolution shaft heads: 8 pcs.
Rolling bruh rotation speed: 8-26 m / s
Rolling brush public speed: 1-15 rpm
machine thickness servo adjustment precision: 0,01 mm
Length: 3800 mm
Width: 2300 mm
Bljdpfx Aqjygx A Njwel
Height: 2400 mm
Machine weight: 5500 kg
Electrical connected load: 49,5 kW
Standard configuration
Machine configuration:1st station: Sanding belt2nd station: Brush elements
Main components:PLC: SiemensTouchscreen: SiemensLow-voltage devices: SchneiderFrequency converter: SchneiderSuction fan: Elektror, Germany
Total connected load:Sanding belt motor: 15 kWBrush motor: 11 kWInfeed belt motor: 4 kWVacuum suction motor: 15 kWFrequency converter for rotating brushes: 15 kW
Extended machine accessories
Optional feeding mode:1. Feeding with strong permanent magnet adsorption transport (suitable for steel workpieces. Workpiece size ≥ 30 mm × 30 mm)2. Feeding with vacuum negative pressure adsorption transport (suitable for stainless steel plates, copper plates, aluminum plates, etc.) that cannot be magnetically adsorbed. Workpiece size ≥ 50 mm × 50 mm)
We make it easier for you to find: "backtechnik conical rounding machine"
You will receive new offers immediately and free of charge via e-mail
You can easily terminate the search request at any time













































































































































































