Used Tria Granulation Mill for sale (10,624)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, x-travel 670 mm y-travel 820 mm z-travel 600 mm control Heidenhain iTNC 530 turning speed range - main spindle 18000 min/-1 drive capacity - main spindle 25-35 kW max. torque 87-130 Nm table surface area 800 x 800 mm T-slots 9x90 rotating range 360 ° swival range +/- 120 Grad max. table load 1200 kg tool taper HSK 63 A number of tool places 96 Pos. max. tool diameter 75 mm max. tool length 300 mm max. tool weight 7 kg change-time tool to tool 3 sec rapid traverse ( x / y / z ) 60 m/min total power requirement 85 kW weight of the machine ca. 19 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,15 x 5 x 3,5 m In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Technical features: - New spindle - Refurbished table Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are included in the scope of delivery only if specified in the additional information. Subject to change, errors in technical data and specifications, and Knedpfxszu Tnbe Ai Rsa prior sale!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, turning diameter 65 mm turning length 150 mm control Siemens 840D Ksdezdk Evopfx Ai Rena spindle passage 75 mm turning length 150 mm c-axis 2x 0,001 ° gripping station 65 mm speeds 5000 U/min rapid traverse 30 m/min turret (x-stations) 3x12 Number of axles 10 St. number of toolholder-holes 36 chip conveyor ja / yes kW coolant filtering unit ja / yes kW Number of working hours 35000 h total power requirement 22 kW weight of the machine ca. 9 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,4 x 2 x 2,3 + Iemca m DMG Sprint 64 Linear CNC lathe, built in 2007, 10 axes, 2 spindles, 3 turrets with Iemca Master 880 loading magazine Accessories: a large number of tool holders in total 104 off, 24 of them are driven tool holder

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1986, 3 units in stock Knjdpfjich Dvjx Ai Roa Universal milling machine Manufacturer: KUNZMANN, Type: UF 6 / 3, Year of manufacture: 1986, with Heidenhain digital display Spindle mount: ISO 40, horizontal and vertical Spindle speeds: 50 - 2150 rpm Feed rates, stepless: 0-1000 mm/min, stepped X / Y and Z 0-250 mm/min Rapid traverse: 2000 mm/min X / Y and Z 500 mm/min Table surface: 860 mm x 265 mm, swivel range: +45 to -45 degrees Machine documentation available. Good condition, ready for demonstration. Price per unit: €4,850 net, ex works, free on board (FOB) at warehouse.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1996, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, Travel distances: X= 600, Y= 400, Z= 400 mm Table size: 900 x 480 mm Spindle speed: 40 - 4,000 rpm Kjdsy Eyfwspfx Ai Rena Dimensions LxWxH: 2500 x 2200 x 2200 mm Weight: approx. 3,000 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Technical details: spindle diameter: 160 mm x-travel: 6500 mm y-travel: 3000 mm W-axis (spindle longitudinal): 1000 mm dimension of the ram: 400 x 420 mm ram stroke: 1000 mm bore spindle turning speed range: 1 - 2000 U/min spindle taper ISO: 50 feed speeds: 2 - 6000 - 8000 mm/min rapid speed: 8/10 m/min total power requirement: 100 kW weight of the machine ca.: 76 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 12 x 4 x 7,5 ( 5,4 ü.F. ) m with CNC Steuerung HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 autom. toolchanger 40-pockets autom. Pickup Station for universal milling head, and facing head rotary table 2500 x 2500 mm , max load 25 to. 1500 mm longitudinal movement Ksdpfx Aiezuy Sge Rena floor plate 4000 x 2000 mm measuring probe, chip conveyor and coolant attachment *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, table width: 1,000 mm, table load: 11,000 kg, table length: 3,200 mm, type of input current: AC, workpiece weight (max.): 11,000 kg, overall weight: 18,500 kg, input voltage: 400 V, Technical Description CNC bed milling machine in very good condition, manufactured by MTE. Year of manufacture: 2006 Control system: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 24-position tool changer Chip conveyor Travel range: Longitudinal (X) = 3,000 mm Transverse (Y) = 1,200 mm Vertical (Z) = 1,500 mm Work table/clamping surface: Length = 3,200 mm Width = 1,000 mm Kedjzu R Rajpfx Ai Rsna Maximum table load: 11,000 kg Tool holder: ISO 50, DIN 69871 AD Draw bolt: DIN 69872 Form A Main drive: Maximum drive power: from 198 rpm, 30 kW Spindle speed range: Spindle speed = 20 to 6,000 rpm Feed rates: X, Y, and Z axes mm/min 2 – 15,000 Maximum rapid traverse rate: X, Y, and Z axes mm/min 25,000 Space requirement: Length approx. mm 8,100 (without transverse conveyor + 1,280 mm) Height approx. = 3,300 mm Width approx. (at Y = 1,200 mm) mm 5,000 Weight: approx. 18,500 kg Connection power: approx. 52 kVA

Condition: like new (used), Blockhouse profile cutter, with teeth on the back. Knsdjzvzu Sepfx Ai Rsa

Condition: excellent (used), GRANULATE DUST REMOVAL We have 5 units available from a company liquidation. Granulate dust removal machines reliably eliminate quality risks such as streaks and clouding on visible surfaces. The granulate dust remover efficiently removes fine dust and ensures clean, high-quality plastic granules. This reduces scrap, avoids production disruptions, and ensures consistently high product quality. Ideally, I would prefer if you already have such a device in use, as I only deal with troubleshooting injection molding defects and am not familiar with the equipment itself. Just make me a price offer! Knsdpey N R Nbefx Ai Rea

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, turning diameter / mm centre distance / mm swing diameter / mm Manufacturer: DMG GILDEMEISTER Model: CTX 510 eco Year of manufacture: 2008 Machine type: CNC lathe / turning center Control system: Siemens SINUMERIK 810D Powerline Max. spindle speed: 3,250 rpm Kjdpfezu A Ukex Ai Rsna Spindle speed range: approx. 500–3,250 rpm Spindle power: 33 kW at 40% duty cycle / 22 kW at 100% duty cycle Spindle torque: 630 Nm at 40% duty cycle / 420 Nm at 100% duty cycle X-axis travel: 300 mm Z-axis travel: 1,050 mm Max. turning diameter: 465 mm Max. swing / turning diameter: 680 mm Spindle bore / bar capacity: approx. 76–92 mm (depending on configuration) Front spindle diameter: 140 mm Turret: 12-station Driven tools: Depending on equipment Driven tool speed: up to 4,000 rpm Driven tool power: approx. 8.4 kW Chuck: 250 mm or 315 mm Max. workpiece weight between centers: 350 kg Total power requirement: approx. 50 kVA Power supply: 400 V, 50/60 Hz Machine weight: 7,500 kg Incl. chip conveyor Note: All technical specifications are for guidance only and are subject to change. Actual machine data may vary due to different equipment variants and subsequent modifications. No warranty or guarantee is provided regarding the accuracy or completeness of the technical specifications. The specifications and actual condition of the offered machine are the sole determining factors.

Condition: new, SHIMADZU Moisture Analyzer MOC-120H, 120 g A high-precision instrument for determining the moisture content in plastic granules. Thanks to its user-friendly software and the ability to efficiently carry out drying processes, the MOC-120H stands out from other moisture analyzers on the market. Comparable to the KERN DBS 60-3 moisture analyzer. The MOC-120H moisture analyzer offers a variety of functions and technical specifications: • Scale type: Moisture analyzer • Weighing range: Maximum 120 g • Readability: 0.001 g • Measuring principle: Measurement of weight reduction through drying • Size of weighing pan: Ø 130 mm • Measuring range of moisture content: 0.01 % to 100.00 % • Reading accuracy of moisture content: 0.01 % • Measuring methods: Automatic or time-controlled drying period, quick, step, or soft drying mode, "prediction" mode • Heating source: Infrared quartz radiator • Temperature range: 30 - 180°C, in 1°C steps • Housing dimensions (W x D x H): 220 x 415 x 190 mm • Weight: 4.5 kg Kedpfx Aijzvp Aqj Rjna Application examples The MOC-120H is versatile and suitable for a wide range of applications: • Food industry: Determination of moisture content in foods such as cereals, flour, meat, and dairy products. • Pharmaceutical industry: Analysis of powders, tablets, and other pharmaceutical products. • Chemical industry: Examination of chemicals and raw materials. • Environmental analysis: Determination of moisture content in soil samples and other environmental samples. Conclusion The SHIMADZU Moisture Analyzer MOC-120H, 120 g, is a high-precision and versatile instrument that is ideal for determining the moisture content in a wide variety of materials. With its extensive functions, high precision, and user-friendliness, it is an excellent choice for laboratories and production facilities that rely on accurate moisture measurements.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, Technical details turning diameter 820 mm turning length 6000 mm control Siemens Si 840 D sl max. workpiece weight between centres 4000 kg total power requirement 155 kW weight of the machine ca. 65 t dimensions of the machine ca. 16350 x 3700 x 3850 m Additional information Original purchase price in 2019: EUR 1.550.000,- Time recording from Feb. 2025 Operating hours = 38601 h Main spindle = 1958 h Milling spindle = 1760 h Knjdpfx Aiezuygde Roa CNC control Si 840D sl Working area 6000 mm Working height 1390 mm Swing diameter over bed slide/bed 820 mm X-axis travel +850 -25 mm Z-axis travel 6820 mm C-axis, smallest increment +/-0.001° Workpiece spindle Spindle head according to DIN 55026 A15 Bathing through 160 mm Front diameter Bearing 240mm 2-stage gearbox, infinitely variable programmable Drive power at 100/60% duty cycle: 78/87kW Speed ranges: 2 Speed range I: 10-501 rpm Speed range II: 10-1750 rpm Torque I, 60% duty cycle: 8000 Nm Torque II, 60% duty cycle: 2308 Nm C-axis Holding torque with backlash-free spindle brake: 3000 Nm Speed: 0-50 rpm Maximum torque (100/60% duty cycle): 3700/4430 Nm Steady rest clamping range: 70-425 mm Turning, drilling, milling head Tool taper Capto C8 Tool magazine Storage locations: 2 magazines, Baluff chip system Max. tool diameter (each position/every 2nd position) 125/200mm Max. tool length 600mm Tool weight 25kg Tailstock Quick diameter 180mm Stroke 170mm Internal taper MK6 Axially force, manually adjustable 5-30 kN Quick tip height adjustment +/-0.15mm Other: Collision monitoring sensor ACS 3-ARTIS Chip conveyor system Coolant system 980l tank and more

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, CNC Machining Centre – Horizontal | Brand: HÜLLER HILLE | Type: nbh 170R Year of manufacture: 2005 The machine can be inspected under power by prior appointment. Condition: In working order / ready for operation. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Working area - X/Y/Z axes: 1.000/800/800 mm Knodezviaiepfx Ai Roa - Workpiece swivel range within the working area: Ø 900 mm - Distance from table centre to spindle nose in Z: 138.9 (HSK-A 100) mm Position measurement system - Encoder scales: direct (measurement method) - Position uncertainty A according to DIN ISO 230-2: 0.007 mm 180-degree pallet changer with 4 x 90-degree pallet rotators Pallet - Pallet clamping surface to DIN 55201, Form A2: 500 x 630 mm - Transport load per pallet: approx. 0,8 tons - Height of the system: 1.100 mm NC rotary table (B-axis) - Smallest incremental step: 0,001 degrees - Repeatability: ± 0,001 degrees - Accuracy across all positions: ± 0,002 degrees - Permissible torques on the clamped table: * Tangential torque: max. 7.000 Nm * Tilting moment: max. 16.000 Nm - Clamping forces: * on the table: 147.000 Nm * on the pallet: 84.600 Nm Working spindle / gear head - Tool holder to ISO 12164 (DIN 69893): HSK-A 100 - Diameter at front bearing: 100 mm - Drive power 100% duty cycle/60% duty cycle: 37/46 kW - Speed range: 25 – 10.000 rpm Feed / Feed force / Rapid traverse: - Feed range X/Y/Z axes: 1 – 60.000 mm/min - Feed force on X/Y/Z axes, 25% duty cycle: approx. 15.000 N - Rapid traverse speed, X/Y/Z axes: 60 m/min - Rapid traverse, rotary table: 30 rpm - Acceleration: approx. 6 m/s² - Ball screw (pitch): Ø 50 (30) mm Tool magazine for 4 magazine cassettes, including two additional magazine cassettes. Electrical - Rated power: 74 kVA Compressed air Coolant system, make: KNOLL The internal coolant supply can be switched to compressed air. - Coolant pump 20–70 bar - Coolant tank, 2.500 l Machine layout - Space requirements, L x W x H: approx. 8 x 3.5 x 3.5 m - Weight: approx. 24 tons ACCESSORIES / EQUIPMENT: - Control system: Siemens SINUMERIK 840D ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING PALLET STORAGE SYSTEM Technical data sheet with full details, including information on the wide range of features, available on request. No guarantee is given as to the completeness or accuracy of the technical specifications and specifications. – Subject to prior sale –

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, turning diameter max. 356 mm turning length 705 mm control M730 UM Mapps CELOS greates pass round over bed 920 mm Swing dia. over traverse guideway 742 mm turning speed range - main spindle 4.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 18,5 / 15 kW spindle nose JIS A2-8 spindle bore 80 (91) mm C-Axis 0,001 ° Spindle speed range subspindle 6.000 min/-1 power capacity - Sub spindle 11 / 7,5 kW spindle bore 43 mm C-Axis 0,001 ° x-travel 260 mm z-travel 795 mm Y - Axis +/-50 mm rapid traverse ( X / Y / Z ) 30 / 10 / 30 m/min number of toolpositions 12 pos. Schank height for square tool 25 mm Drill shank diameter 50 mm turret change time 0,27 sec. Spindle speed - driven tools max. 10.000 min -1 power capacity - driven tools 5,5 / 4,2 kW total power requirement 41 kVA weight of the machine ca. 6,4 t dimensions of the machine ca. 5,0 x 3,0 x 2,3 m CNC - Turning- and MillingCenter DMG MORI - NLX 2500 SY / 700 Kodpfx Aisvy Ig Hj Rsna - Subspindle - Tool-Drive - C, Y-Axis - approx. 12,000 operating hours

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, turning diameter 210 mm Kodpfxstqmmuj Ai Rona turning length 580 mm control 840 D Siemens centre height 190 mm turning diameter over bed 330 mm turning dia. over face-slide 260 mm turning speed range - main spindle max. 4.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 10 / 7,5 kW max. Torque 115 / 86 Nm spindle bore 68,5 mm max. usable bar diameter 51 mm C - Axis 0,001 ° travel -x axis 185 mm travel -z axis 455 mm number of toolpositions 12 pos. tool taper VDI 30 Driven Tool Stations: 6 pos. tailstock adjustment 400 mm intake pressure max. 4.000 N rapid traverse X: 20 / Z: 30 m/min Feed force ( X / Y / Z ) 4,5 kN total power requirement 21 kW weight of the machine ca. 3,2 t dimensions of the machine ca. 8,0 x 2,2 x 2,0 m CNC Turning- and Milling Center GILDEMEISTER - CTX 310 V3 - incl. 2x reduction tubes

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, Parts shown by hand not come. Technical details are shown on pictures. Kedpfx Aiozlbzqj Rena

Condition: used, Adjustable cutters on a hydraulic sleeve for the production of log planks (tongue and groove). Current settings: Groove profile width: 58.45 mm Tongue profile width: 53.25 mm Technical data: - Cutter: HW - Cutting circle (ø): ~ 160 mm Knedpfszvnbfjx Ai Roa - Bore: 50 mm - Material: Steel

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: NX1102193, SPECIFICATION Table size 1244 x 230mm Longitudinal traverse 700mm Ksdpfjy S Shwsx Ai Rjna Cross traverse 300mm Vertical traverse 405mm Quill travel 125mm Quill feeds 0.045-0.086mm/rev Quill diameter 86mm Quill taper R8 Spindle motor 2.2kW Spindle speeds (inf. Variable) 50-3500rpm Weight 1200Kg Machine in Metric execution MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH Sino 3 axis DRO system Longitudinal power feed One shot centralised lubrication system Low voltage halogen worklight Spindle guard Coolant system

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1991, functionality: fully functional, total height: 1,850 mm, total length: 3,450 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, overall weight: 5,200 kg, Model: MAZAK QUICK TURN 28 N Year of manufacture: 1991 Control system: Mazatrol CAM T32-2 Technical data Work area Max. swing diameter: 510 mm Max. turning diameter: 320 mm Max. turning length: 972 mm Bar work up to diameter: 70 mm Main spindle Speed range: 30 – 3,000 rpm Main drive power: 22 kW Constant torque: 432 Nm Spindle nose: A2 – 8 inches Spindle bore: 80 mm Tool turret Knjdpfx Aijzvf S Uj Roa Number of tool positions: 8/16 Travel distances X-axis: 200 mm Z-axis: 1,020 mm Rapid traverse rate Rapid traverse: X-axis: 18 m/min Z-axis: 24 m/min X/Z-axis: 0 - 5,000 mm/min Tailstock Mount: MK 5 Tailstock travel: 835 mm Quill stroke: 130 mm Machine data (with standard equipment) Total connected load: 41 kVA Machine weight: 5,300 kg Machine dimensions (L x W x H): 3.45 x 1.80 x 1.85 m

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 88462-85, feed length X-axis: 30,000 mm, feed length Y-axis: 30,000 mm, feed length Z-axis: 30,000 mm, travel distance X-axis: 760 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, spindle speed (max.): 42,000 rpm, total height: 2,700 mm, total width: 3,000 mm, total length: 5,000 mm, table width: 550 mm, table length: 860 mm, overall weight: 7,000 kg, workpiece weight (max.): 800 kg, controller manufacturer: RÖDERS, controller model: RMS 6 VERSION 4.20, positioning accuracy: 0.005 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, RÖDERS RFM 760/2 HSC Milling Machine - Includes two EROWA clamping systems - Additional matching accessories - A cooling system and extraction system - Also includes a workbench with fixtures and a 3D measuring probe Note: The machine can be transported on a standard truck! Kodpfx Aiszlfa Do Rsna Note: The item must be picked up between September 8th and 10th, 2026, on a date to be confirmed. FCA D-63128 Dietzenbach - loaded onto a truck.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1988, functionality: fully functional, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 2,550 mm, total width: 1,600 mm, overall weight: 4,300 kg, Model: MAZAK QUICK TURN 15-U Year of manufacture: 1988 Control system: Mazatrol CAM T2 Working area: max. swing diameter: 440 mm max. turning diameter: 270 mm max. turning length: 500 mm bar work up to a diameter of max. 51 mm Main spindle: speed range: 36 – 3,600 rpm main drive power: 15 kW constant torque: 230 Nm spindle nose: A2 – 6 inches spindle bore: 61 mm Tool turret: standard version: 8-position turret indexing time: - 1st station: approx. 0.5 s Knjdpfxozvf H So Ai Rea Travel ranges: turret – travel range: x-axis: 155 mm z-axis: 510 mm Rapid traverse rate: x-axis: 12 m/min z-axis: 24 m/min Tailstock: tailstock travel: 460 mm tailstock spindle: MK 4 tailstock quill stroke: 130 mm Machine data: total connected load: 31.3 kVA machine weight: 4,300 kg machine dimensions: L x W x H: approx. 2.55 x 1.60 x 1.80 m

Year of construction: 2006, condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, We are offering this refurbished MG Recycling M_04772 cable granulator, manufactured in 2006. Ksdjy D Ug Tspfx Ai Rjna It underwent a major overhaul in 2024. New switchgear control cabinet, new knife sets. Wagner pre-shredder, type WS 15, manufactured in 2007, 15 kW. Feed conveyor, extraction system, and magnetic vibrating table, manufactured in 2021. Output: approximately 150 - 180 kg/hour, depending on the material. Location: Switzerland, 8260 Stein am Rhein. Asking price: EUR 59,000 (negotiable) If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: unexamined, Milling machine Maho MH 500 W with Heidenhain 232 control system. Fixed table, SK 40 spindle mount with hydraulic collet chuck. The machine has been idle for some time and is sold as is, without testing. Kodpfx Aiezvblko Rena

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: unexamined, Milling machine Maho MH 500 E2 with Phillips CNC 432 control system. Fixed table, SK 40 spindle mount with hydraulic clamping. 16-position vertical tool changer. The machine has been standing idle for some time and has not been tested. It is being sold as defective. Kodpjzvbkmsfx Ai Rona

Year of construction: 2009, condition: used, Complete cable recycling plant for sale – including MG Recycling Compact 220T (in excellent condition) For sale is a complete cable recycling plant (dry process) for the efficient recovery of copper from cables. ⭐ Core component of the plant: MG Recycling Compact 220T (year of manufacture 2009) * Industrial compact system for separating copper, aluminum, and plastic * Capacity: up to 400 kg/h * Power consumption: approx. 37 kW * High-quality granulation & separation * Very robust design (approx. 3.2 t machine weight) ➡️ Proven system for cable recycling with high purity and reliable continuous operation. ⸻ ⚙️ Other components of the plant: * Large screening system (TST – separation & sorting technology) * Additional separation table for post-separation * Various conveyor belts & screw conveyors * Large two-shaft shredder for pre-shredding * Cable stripping machine The components from TST are specifically designed for industrial separation and screening processes and enable very precise classification and purification of materials. ⸻ Knedpjzgx H Hjfx Ai Rsa Performance data of the complete plant: * Throughput: approx. 200–300 kg of cable per hour (realistic in operation) * Recovery: up to 99% copper content * Process: completely dry (no water, no sludge) * Ideal for: * Copper cables * Electronic scrap * mixed cable batches ➡️ Very efficient post-processing through additional screening and separation tables → maximum yield! —————- Special features: * Completely coordinated production line – ready for immediate use * Expandable / modular design * Perfect for commercial cable recyclers & recycling companies * Energy-efficient separation technology without wastewater —————- Condition & sale: * Plant is in good condition and currently in operation * Sale due to operational restructuring * Inspection possible by appointment —————- Price: Negotiable – realistic offers welcome

Condition: used, Technical details: x-travel: 700 mm y-travel: 450 mm z-travel: 450 mm control: Heidenhain TNC 121 spindle taper ISO: SK 40 quill stroke vertical: 120 mm spindle head swivable left - right: je 90° ° Knsdpfjzibabsx Ai Rja turning speed range: 40 - 1.600 U/min throat of the milling spindle: 200 mm table surface area: 1.050 x 627 mm table swivable approx.: +45/ -45 Grad table rotating: 360 Grad table movement - horizontal: 200 mm table feed: X/Z 5 - 5.000 mm/min table feed: Y 2,5 - 250 mm/min total power requirement: 8 kW weight approx.: 3,2 kg dimension machine approx.LxWxH: 2,3 x 2,0 x 1,850 m The MAHO MH 800 is a high-quality conventional universal tool milling machine designed for precise milling, drilling, and machining operations. It is ideally suited for toolmaking, mechanical engineering, fixture construction, as well as the production of individual components and small production batches. *