Used Slideway Grinding Machine for sale (65,363)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, KELLENBERGER PRECISION UNIVERSAL CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE MODEL: 1000 U YEAR OF MANUFACTURE: 2000 PARTIAL OVERHAUL: 2026 Centre height: 175 mm Grinding length: 1000 mm Equipment: - Standard accessories - Standard workpiece headstock MK5 with adapter flange DIN 55027, size 5 - Splash guard hood for the above - Tailstock with fine adjustment, MK4 - Internal grinding attachment with protective cover for grinding spindle D:80 mm for belt-driven spindles - FISCHER internal grinding spindle type HJN 842, incl. grinding mandrels (4 pieces, choice) - HJNZ 42 collet chuck - Oil mist lubricator for HJN spindles - STREULI magnetic paper band filter system, type: SPB 2 - Coolant supply through the workpiece spindle - HEIDENHAIN digital length measuring system on X and Z axes - Sine bar on the workpiece headstock incl. alignment arbor MK5 - Permanent magnetic chuck, D:200 mm - Three-jaw chuck, D:160 mm Nwsdpsyf E Susfx Alfjk - Four-jaw chuck, D:160 mm - Collet attachment for Schaublin collets B32 - Set of B32 collets, D: 1.0–30.0 mm, increment 0.5 mm (59 pieces) - Dial indicator stop for table swivel with indicator 0.01 mm - Table fixed stop - Dressing stop for internal grinding - LED machine lamp - Various grinding wheel flanges, left (2 pieces) - Pneumatic table load relief - Swiveling dressing device for external, face, or internal grinding operations - Set of vibration damping pads - New three-color paint finish (light grey RAL 7035 / blue RAL 5012 / dark grey RAL 7016) - New acceptance protocol according to KELLENBERGER standard - Documentation - CE conformity The machine is currently being overhauled, sample photos shown!

Condition: ready for operation (used), Technical data: Nwsdpfeza Dwxjx Alfek Power kW 0.9 Connection 380 V/50 Hz Speed 2,900 rpm Disc dimensions 175/60/51 Weight 117 kg Equipment:  2 ATS tables (spring-mounted table)  2 diamond cup wheels 175x60x51 mm  Column design

Condition: excellent (used), KELLENBERGER PRECISION UNIVERSAL CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE TYPE: 600 U YEAR OF MANUFACTURE: 2003 PARTIAL OVERHAUL: 2026 (Technical data see attached documents) Center height: 175 mm (without height adjustment) Grinding length: 600 mm Equipment: - Standard accessories - Internal grinding device for D: 80 mm max. incl. coolant supply through the workpiece spindle - Grinding wheel equipment left for D: 400 x 50 x 127 mm (standard) - Grinding wheel equipment right for D: 300 x 40 x 127 - Grinding wheel flange for wheels D: 400 x 50 x 127 mm (left) and D: 300 x 40 x 127 (right), balancing weights outside (3 pieces left, 2 pieces right) - Variable spindle drive with Danfoss frequency converter - Balancing device for dynamic balancing, type ELASO MANOBALANCE 750/EB 2000 - RENAUD internal grinding spindle type REN 828 (grease-lubricated with compressed air lock) - Various internal grinding mandrels for REN 828 – 1235, 1645, 2060, 2575 (4 pieces) - Various chucks HJNZ 28 for HJN 828 with 2 collets D: 3 mm and D: 6 mm - Tailstock standard MK 5 with adapter flange DIN 55027 size 5” Nwodpfezhma Djx Alfok Bore D: 38.2 mm (standard) - Sine bar on the tailstock - Tailstock with manual retraction for quill travel - Micrometer adjustment on the tailstock - Pneumatic relief of the tailstock - FORKARDT planetary three-jaw chuck D: 200 mm - REISHAUER wedge-bar three-jaw chuck D: 160 mm - Permanent magnet chuck D: 200 mm - Collet chuck for Schaublin B32 - Set of 59 collets Schaublin B32, D: 1.0 – 30.0 mm, graduation 0.5 mm - Set of 8 workpiece supports incl. holder - Three-jaw steady rest, 175 mm, foldable, D: 3-120 mm - Swiveling dressing tool for dressing during external, surface or internal grinding - Side and angled dressing tool for side and angled dressing of the grinding wheels - Dial indicator stop for table swiveling with dial indicator 1/100 mm - Dial indicator stop for table longitudinal movement with dial indicator 1/100 mm - Dressing stop for internal grinding - HEIDENHAIN Digital length measuring system for the X and Z axes - STREULI paper band filter SPB 3, 90 l/min at 0.26 bar, tank volume 240 l - WALDMANN machine lamp - Set of vibration-damping pads - Three-color paint finish (light gray RAL 7035/blue RAL 5012/dark gray RAL 7016) - New acceptance test report according to KELLENBERGER standard - CE conformity - Documentation Condition: very good, machine geometrically and mechanically overhauled (see geometry report)

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 4,000 kg, input voltage: 400 V, This machine is ideally suited for tool and die making, jig and fixture construction, as well as for precise grinding operations in mechanical engineering. Okamoto is known worldwide for its highest levels of accuracy, reliability, and excellent surface quality. Technical data Manufacturer: Okamoto Type: ACC-84DX Table size: 850 × 400 mm Magnetic chuck: 800 × 400 mm Longitudinal travel (X): 950 mm Transverse travel (Y): 440 mm Distance from table to grinding wheel: approx. 47.5 – 547.5 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 700 kg Grinding wheel size: Ø 355 × 38 × 127 mm Grinding wheel speed: 1,500 / 1,800 min⁻¹ Spindle motor: 3.7 / 4.0 kW Machine weight: approx. 4,000 kg Equipment Magnetic chuck Automatic grinding cycle Hydraulic table drive Integrated dressing device Coolant system with belt filter Robust industrial design High grinding accuracy and surface quality Used, fully functional. The machine comes from ongoing production and shows typical signs of wear and tear. Inspection under power is possible by appointment. Loading assistance is available. Shipping must be arranged by the buyer. Nwodpfx Alszwmflefok

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, CNC External Cylindrical Grinding Machine: total connected load 67 kW, voltage 3x400V 50Hz, nominal current 121A, weight approx. 9500 kg Data Kelvin Chiller (Model KRA45): serial number 0304666, year 2003, cooling capacity 4500W Nwsdpfx Aljzwf Uxsfok Data Ritz Coolant Pump (Type F2506): serial number 3196140, manufactured in 1994, 2.9kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Machine no.: 675157 Max. weight: approx. 3,500 kg (approx. 4,300 kg incl. packaging) Supply/working voltage: 3x400 V, 50 Hz Control voltage: 24 V Nominal current: 20.5 A Main fuse: 25 A (T) CNC control: GE Fanuc Series 21i-T Grinding wheel speed indicator: make EWL, type 4444 Max. peripheral grinding wheel speed: 30 m/s (ø300 mm/12"), 40 m/s (ø400 mm/16"), 45 m/s (ø450 mm/18") Grinding head drive power: 5.0 kW Grinding wheel head R (left-mounted wheel): approx. ø450 x 80 mm Grinding wheel head RS (right-mounted wheel): approx. ø450 x 80 mm Grinding wheel head UR: left standard approx. ø400 x 63 mm, left max. (option) approx. ø400 x 80 mm, right additional max. (option) approx. ø300 x 40 mm; internal grinding attachment bore approx. ø80 mm Sub-table (Z-axis): distance between centers approx. 1000 mm, max. travel approx. 1150 mm, max. speed 12 m/min, resolution approx. 0.1 µm Top table swivel range (at 1000 mm centers): 0 to +6° (0 to +9° with workpiece length under approx. 800 mm) Grinding carriage (X-axis): max. travel approx. 320 mm, max. speed 6 m/min, resolution approx. 0.1 µm Pneumatics: min. connection pressure 6 bar, air consumption approx. 2.5 m³/h Drive motors: X-axis slide 2000 rpm/0.3 kW; grinding spindle (R/UR, ø400 mm wheel) 800-1900 rpm [40-95 Hz]/5.0 kW; sub-table (Z-axis) 2000 rpm/0.3 kW; workpiece headstock 2000 rpm/1.0 kW; automatic indexing (UR machine) 3000 rpm/0.5 kW; lubrication/hydraulic pump 1500 rpm [50 Hz]/0.12 kW or 1800 rpm [60 Hz]/0.15 kW Nedpfjzwf R Tox Alfswk Noise emission: equivalent continuous sound pressure level approx. 70 dB(A) Ambient conditions: max. room temperature +40°C, max. humidity 75% Data Coolant Filtration Unit Max. connection pressure: 3 bar / 1 bar (two circuits) Max. flow rate: 80 l/min / 160 l/min (corresponding to the two circuits)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Surface and Profile Grinding Machine table clamping surface approx. 600 x 250 mm grindable workpiece area (including 25 mm wheel width) approx. 600 x 300 mm max. permissible table load including magnetic plate approx. 130 kg height above floor approx. 1085 mm Nwsdpfezwfzlsx Alfsk main spindle drive speed range 800-4200 rpm drive power 10 kW cutting speed 35 m/s grinding wheel diameter 300 mm, width 25/30 mm, bore 76.2 mm X-axis pendulum grinding travel speed (hydraulic, infinitely variable) 1000-24000 mm/min X-axis creep-feed grinding travel speed (AC servo motor) 5-1000 mm/min usable pendulum stroke 630 mm machine weight approx. 3400 kg, total weight approx. 3800 kg electrical supply 400V, 3-phase, 50Hz, rated current 30A, connected load 16kVA, supply fuses 35A

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, CNC Surface Grinding Machine CNC control Siemens Sinumerik with handwheel, GRIPS 32 control software spindle drive motor type MS501/5 Nodpfx Aljzwfmhsfowk machine weight approx. 2300 kg, total weight approx. 3500 kg electrical supply 400V, 3-phase, 50Hz, rated current 29A, connected load 20kVA, supply fuses 50A Table clamping surface (standard): approx. 500 x 250 mm, other sizes available upon request Grindable workpiece area incl. 25 mm wheel width: approx. 600 x 300 mm Grindable workpiece area with VJCE cover incl. 25 mm wheel width: approx. 600 x 290 mm Distance from table top to upper limit switch (Y) at 250 mm wheel diameter: approx. 366 mm Max. permissible table load incl. magnetic plate: approx. 130 kg Height above floor: approx. 1085 mm Main spindle drive speed range: 800-4200 rpm, other options available upon request Main drive power: 10 kW at max. rpm, option 5 kW at max. rpm Cutting speed: 35 m/s, other options available upon request Grinding wheel diameter: 300 mm, option 250 mm Grinding wheel width: 25/30 mm, option 50 mm Grinding wheel bore: 76.2 mm, option 50.8/51 mm available upon request Radial wheel wear allowance: approx. 45 mm X-axis pendulum grinding speed (hydraulic, infinitely variable): 1000-24000 mm/min X-axis creep-feed grinding speed (AC servo motor): 5-1000 mm/min X-axis travel between limit switches: approx. 660 mm X-axis usable pendulum stroke: approx. 630 mm Y-axis travel speed: 0.1-2000 mm/min Y-axis travel between limit switches: approx. 360 mm Y-axis measuring system resolution: 0.0002 mm Z-axis travel speed: 0.1-2000 mm/min Z-axis travel between limit switches: approx. 280/275 mm Z-axis travel between limit switches with JC/JCE cover: approx. 270/265 mm Z-axis measuring system resolution: 0.0002 mm Installation length: approx. 3400 mm Installation width: approx. 2700 mm Installation depth (without control pendant): approx. 2440 mm Machine weight without full enclosure and control cabinet: approx. 3000 kg Machine weight with full enclosure and control cabinet: approx. 3700 kg Supply voltage: 400V AC -5% to +10%, 50 Hz, option 60 Hz Control voltage: 230V AC / 24V DC Connected load at 5 kW / 10 kW grinding power: 13.5 / 20 kVA Fuse protection: 35 A Data Cooling Unit (Erba/Schüler): equipment no. 85056334 Data Cooling Unit (Hyfra Pedia TRK 20-EF): equipment no. 85056333, year 2004 Data Filter Unit (Airtech MFE 20-SP): serial no. 393196, year 06/2004, rated voltage 230/400V, rated current 3.0A

Condition: used, Used Matra valve grinding machine with double-cone collets as shown, 380 Volt electric motor fully functional. Please do not send email enquiries! Nwedpjzwk Udjfx Alfjk If you have any questions, we are happy to assist you by phone. Viewing and collection only possible by prior telephone appointment! Subject to alterations, prior sale, and errors.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1967, grinding length 450 mm grinding width 250 mm workpiece height 275 mm table surface area 550 x 200 mm distance spindle center to table max. 400 mm table speeds 0 - 30 m/min cross feed 0 - 60 mm/Hub rapid traverse cross 1,2 m/min grinding wheel size ø 250 x 30 x ø 51 mm Nedpfx Alezwxxdofswk grinding spindle speed 1400 / 2800 U/min total power requirement 4 kW weight of the machine ca. 1 t dimensions of machine L x W x H 1,55 x 1,23 x 1,80 m Accessories: magnetic plate 450 x 200 mm, grinding wheel with flange, wheel trueing attachment

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, grinding length 900 mm grinding width 510 mm Nedstqqm Ajpfx Alfewk workpiece height 400 mm table surface area 800 x 400 mm longitudinal feed of the table max. 980 mm table speed -stepless- 1 - 35 m/min grinding wheel size 355 x 51 x 127 mm cross feed of the table 460 mm cross feed 1 - 40 mm/Hub vertical feed autom. 0,005 - 0,04 mm/Hub rapid traverse vertical 0,5 m/min grinding spindle speed 1450 U/min grinding spindle drive 5,6 kW table load capacity max. 1000 kg dimensions of machine L x W x H 3,2 x 2,17 x 2,47 m total power requirement 10 kW weight of the machine ca. 4,4 t Accessories: magnetic plate 800 x 400 mm, various grinding wheels with and without flanges, wet grinding attachment with paper band filter

Condition: used, Surface Grinding Machine ERNAULT SOMUA FU 660 Travel X: 660 mm Travel Y: 400 mm Travel Z: 400 mm Magnetic chuck BRAILLON 700 x 300 mm Grinding wheel: Ø 355 mm Motor power: 7,5 CV Swivel head Automatic diamond cutting Auto stepover X - Y - Z Lubricant tank Hydraulic Group Voltage: 220 V Tri Length: 2900 mm Depth: 2000 mm Total height: 2200 mm Nwodpfx Alezwxf Rsfek Weight: approx 4,5 T

Condition: used, Drills Grinding Machine DECKEL SOE Spindle speed: 4500 RPM Maxi bore of clamps: 17,5 mm Maxi sharpenable radius: 10 mm Maxi lateral displacement: 10 mm Angle adjustment: 45° Maxi displacement: 100 mm Nwodpfxszww Tto Alfok (see technical details) Delivred with 1 set of clamps + different diamond grinding wheels Voltage: 380 V Width: 600 mm Depth: 600 mm Total height: 1300 mm Weight: approx 150 kg

Condition: used, Cylindrical Grinding Machine TSCHUDIN type HTG 400 Between points: 400 mm Centre height: 100 mm Cone: CM4 Spindle speed: from 70 to 500 RPM Max table travel: 420 mm Table orientation at 15° Grinding wheel: Ø 300 mm Retractable tailstock CM3 Machine rebuilt by REWITECH SA (Switzerland) in 1995 Equipped with one settling tank PHILIPS Voltage: 380 V Nsdpfx Aszww Iqjlfswk Dimensions (L x W x H): 2000 x 1400 x 1600 mm Weight: approx 1,5 T

Condition: used, Surface Grinding Machine MAGERLE type F7 Travel X: 700 mm Travel Y: 280 mm Travel Z: 390 mm (without magnetic chuck) Magnetic chuck dimensions: 700 x 250 mm Grinding wheel: Ø 300 mm x Width 50 mm x Bore Ø 127 mm Spindle motor speed: 1850 RPM Nedpfszww Htjx Alfewk Auto feeds X - Y - Z Renovated electrical panel Diamond grinding Lubricant tank Voltage: 380 V Length with ends table: 2500 mm Width: 1800 mm Depth: 2200 mm Weight: approx. 3,5 T

Condition: used, Surface Grinding Machine ABA FFV 1000/50 Travel X: 1000 mm Travel Y: 500 mm Travel Z: 400 mm Magnetic chuck dimensions: 1000 x 400 mm Auto stepover X / Y / Z Separate electrical panel Separate lubricant tank Separate hydraulic group Voltage: 380 V Length: 4000 mm Depth: 1700 mm Total height: 2300 mm Nodpfszww Hajx Alfjwk Weight: approx 6 T

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Mitutoyo length measuring system, model KA 12 (for longitudinal and transverse movement) Retrofitting with a CNC control system for the draw-in device, including air conditioning unit, Center distance: 630 mm, the machine has no tailstock and was specifically used for chucking operations, Max. grinding diameter: 280 mm, Max. grinding wheel size: 400 x 40 x 127 mm (not included in the scope of supply), Grinding spindle speed: 2040 rpm, 6 speed stages of the tool spindle: 22.4 to 280 rpm, Drive motor: 4 kW, Accuracy / smallest division value: 0.001 mm, Nwedpezv Uhrofx Alfjk Taper in tailstock and tool spindle: Morse 4 Largest table longitudinal travel: 760 mm, Weight between centers: 120 kg, Total power consumption: approx. 9.3 kW, Machine weight: approx. 2600 kg, Machine dimensions: L 3075 x W 1650 x H 1500 mm Year of manufacture: corresponds to the serial number: 1989 - 1991 Swiveling headstock (± 90°) and grinding head (± 45°), Hydraulic table movement and automatic feed, Cooling system, Machine lighting, Operating manual in German and electrical diagrams.

Condition: used, Center height: 180mm, distance between centers: 1000mm, max. grinding diameter: 355mm, stop accuracy: 1µm, max. workpiece weight: 500kg, max. workpiece weight when machining in the chuck: 120kg, max. workhead spindle speed: 355rpm, workhead spindle power: 1.5kW, Morse taper: MK5, workhead swivel range toward the grinding wheel/away from the grinding wheel: 90°/10°, quill travel: 40mm, table feed during longitudinal grinding: 0.05m/min-5m/min, travel during longitudinal grinding: 4mm-2180mm, dwell time at reversal point: 0s-5s, max. grinding spindle speed: 1860rpm, grinding wheel dimensions diameter/width/bore: 630mm/125mm/305mm. Weight: approx. 5100kg. The machine has been geometrically reconditioned. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Njdpfx Aezwpg Eslfewk

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, center width: 1,200 mm, overall weight: 7,000 kg, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 800 mm, controller model: Bosch Rexroth MTX, TECHNICAL DETAILS Nwjdpfx Aozwm Akelfek Center distance: 1,200 mm Max. outer diameter: 350 mm Max. workpiece weight between centers: 50 kg Cross slide, X-axis Travel, X-axis: 500 mm Max. speed: 30 m/min Resolution: 0.1 µm Longitudinal slide, Z-axis Travel, Z-axis: 800 mm Max. speed: 30 m/min Resolution: 0.0005–0.1 mm Multi-function head, B-axis Swivel range: -45° to +225° Swivel time for 180°: < 3 s Positional accuracy: 0.0002° Repeatability: 1″ Resolution: 0.001° External machining Max. machining length: 750 mm Peripheral speed: 50 corundum / 80 CBN Drive power: 15 kW Max. grinding wheel dimensions: Ø 400 × 50 × 152.4 mm Internal machining Max. bore diameter: 250 mm Max. bore depth: 235 mm Drive power S1: 1.8–7.5 kW Speed range: 30,000–50,000 rpm Workpiece spindle, C-axis Max. speed: 1,500 rpm Drive power: 1.8 kW Drive torque: 90 Nm Resolution of measuring system: 0.001° Roundness accuracy: 0.8 µm Positional accuracy: 0.0001° Tailstock Quill stroke: 50 mm / 80 mm Quill diameter: 60 mm Bearing: hydrostatic Fine adjustment for cylindricity corrections: ± 40 µm 3-point steady rest Clamping range, diameter: 20 – 150 mm Coarse adjustment: 40 µm Fine adjustment: 2 µm Adjustability: stepless MACHINE DETAILS CNC control: Bosch Rexroth MTX Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,850 x 2,470 x 2,290 mm Weight: 7,000 kg EQUIPMENT 3-point steady rest

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1988, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 7,500 kg, grinding diameter: 300 mm, controller model: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Solutionline, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! The control system was upgraded to a Siemens Sinumerik 840D Solutionline in 2014. The new control system was overhauled in 2016! TECHNICAL DETAILS Spindle speed range: 170–18,000 rpm Grinding diameter: 20–300 mm Swinging diameter: 350 mm (500 mm) Workpiece length: 300 mm (1,300 mm) Recommended grinding depth: up to 300 mm Center height above the workpiece table: 200 mm (300 mm) Center height above the grinding table: 330 mm (430 mm) Workpiece spindle bore: 50 mm (70 mm) Grinding table, Z-axis Total grinding table travel: 650 mm (950 mm) Resolution: 0.001 mm Nwsdszwmz Tepfx Alfjk Rapid traverse: 12 m/min Grinding feed rate: 0–9.99 m/min Feed rate: 0–99.99 m/min Incremental feed value during reversal: 0–0.999 mm Grinding table, X-axis Total grinding table travel: 150 mm Resolution: 0.001 mm/rev Rapid traverse: 5 m/min/rev Grinding feed rate: 0–5 m/min/rev Feed rate: 0–99.99 mm/min/rev Incremental feed value during reversal: 0–0.999 mm/rev Workpiece spindle head, B-axis Swivel range: −32° (−23°) to +2° Resolution: 0.0001° (0.36″) U-axis Total travel: 300 mm Resolution: 0.001 mm/rev Traverse speed: 5 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Solutionline Machine weight: approx. 7.5 t Space requirement: approx. 5.00 × 4.00 × 2.20 m

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: FPS-20-RS, Schiatti Angelo FPS 20 RS 2015 Excellent condition 10 spindle glass edging machine including cerium wheel Can dismantle and load for buyer Nsdpfszrx Injx Alfswk

Condition: used, Technical details: Nwedpfx Aljrkr U Eefsk grinding length: 600 mm centre height: 180 mm swing dia.: 360 mm workpiece weight: 80 kg max. dia. of grinding wheel: 500 mm grinding wheel width: 80 mm grinding wheel hole diameter: 203,2 mm peripheral speed: 45 m/sec There is also a 3200 liter coolant tank including cooling unit + fire extinguishing system. *

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, Verticale glass grinding line for max. glass sizes : 1500 x 3300 mm 2 vertical glass grinding machines Bottero 111 F + Kuka robot + vertical glass wasching machine Bottero min. glass size : 200 x 300 mm Njdpfozvw Iusx Alfewk

Condition: used, Surface Grinding Machine BLANCHARD type 20D Shelf diameter: Ø 915 mm Shelf speed: from 5 to 27 RPM Grindstone diameter: Ø 500 mm Maxi height under wheel: 450 mm Spindle motor: 30 CV - 715 RPM Electromagnetic chuck Rapid Up/Down Nsdpfezwgumjx Alfjwk Voltage 220 V Tri Dimensions (L x W x H): 3700 x 2000 x 2600 mm Weight: 6 T

Condition: used, Surface Grinding Machine HARIG Super 612 - No 1 Travel X: 300 mm Travel Y: 170 mm Travel Z: 250 mm Nwsdpfx Aezwgr Ejlfek Grinding wheel: Ø 200 mm Spindle motor: 3600 RPM Manual movement X - Y - Z Manual magnetic tray 345 mm x 145 mm Auto lubrication axes X and Y Delivered with 2 new grinding wheels 1 vacuum cleaner Voltage: 380 V Width: 1400 mm Depth: 1500 mm Total height: 1900 mm Weight: approx 1 T