Used Zeiss Carmet for sale (147)

Year of construction: 1990, condition: used, x-travel 850 mm y-travel 1200 mm z-travel 600 mm total power requirement kW weight of the machine ca. t Codpfxot Hwqkj Ac Doha dimensions of the machine ca. m Universal 3D measuring center, double-column, modern software, many accessories

Condition: excellent (used), Zeiss Coordinate Measuring Machine Model: O-INSPECT 442 Machine Designation: Coordinate Measuring Machine Machine Type: O-INSPECT 442 The multisensor measuring machine O-INSPECT ZEISS enables optimal optical or contact measurement of all features. The CALYPSO software simultaneously displays the actual state, nominal profile, and deviations, making measurement results easy to identify and interpret. General Data: Dimensions: Width 1055 mm, Length 1351 mm, Height 1770 mm Measuring range: X 400 mm, Y 400 mm, Z 200 mm Chodpfx Acozii Dhe Doa Weight: CMM 800 kg Workpiece, max. 20 kg CMM noise level < 70 dBA Electrical Data: Supply voltage: 100, 110, 120, 125, 230, 240 V~ (± 10 %) Current type: 1 / N / PE Frequency: 50 to 60 Hz (± 3.5 %) Power consumption: max. 1500 VA Fuses: At 230 V or 240 V: 16 A At 100 V or 125 V: 15 A Travel Speeds: Creep speed, SLOW function: 0 to 5 mm/s Setup mode: 0 to 70 mm/s Automatic measurement: Axis (X, Y) max. 200 mm/s Axis (Z) max. 50 mm/s Axis (3D) max. 287 mm/s Ambient Conditions: The following conditions must be met for proper operation of the measuring machine. Operating ambient temperature: +17°C to +35°C Relative humidity: 40% to 70% (non-condensing) Room temperature for measurement: 20°C ±1 K Altitude above sea level: 100–125 V: max. 3000 m 230–240 V: max. 2000 m Probe System: Probe System: CFS Probe Types Data: Probe Type: CFS 2 mm Measuring range: 2 mm, Working distance: 61 mm, Spot diameter: 12.5 µm Measurable surface angle to beam direction: 90 ± 15° Measuring range: 3 mm, Working distance: 22.5 mm, Spot diameter: 12 µm Measurable surface angle to beam direction: 90 ± 30° Measuring range: 10 mm, Working distance: 70 mm, Spot diameter: 24 µm Measurable surface angle to beam direction: 90 ± 20° The values for surface angles are limit values and depend on the reflectivity of the workpiece surface. Rotary Table: Mass and resolution Table weight: 7 kg Resolution: 0.15’’ Dynamics: Angular speed max: 50°/s Rotational speed: 8.3 min⁻¹ Scope of Delivery: In the standard version, the O-INSPECT coordinate measuring machine is supplied with the following components: - Coordinate measuring machine (CMM) - Controller (integrated) - Control panel - PC with peripherals - Software - CALYPSO 5.2 - Documentation - Probe system - Reference stylus - Calibration artifact - Calibration template Scope of delivery: (Zeiss coordinate measuring machine as shown) Condition: used (Specifications subject to change and errors excepted!) Please inquire about transport options prior to purchase. If you have further questions, we are happy to assist you by phone.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, measuring range X-axis: 900 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 1,800 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 700 mm, Equipment: type plate available, Zeiss CNC coordinate measuring machine Prismo VAST GOLD Year of manufacture: 2001 Retrofit in 2024 and 2026, last calibration 11/2023 Measuring range: X = 900 mm, Y = 1800 mm, Z = 700 mm In excellent technical and optical condition. Device features, equipment: C99 control system with control panel Automatic temperature compensation VAST GOLD sensor Probe changer magazine, 17-position Probe changer, 20 positions Probe accessories Calibration sphere Reference probe HP Z4 workstation with WIN11 and monitor Calypso Basic 2024 software QS-Stat option Calypso upgrade and other options available Chodpfxozkhzho Ac Dea Further accessories and options possible Available on short notice

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, Zeiss WMM 850 Year of manufacture: 1988 Completely overhauled by Zeiss in 2008 • I purchased the machine in 2008 fully overhauled by the manufacturer. It has seen little use since then. • The machine is not operational, as a defect in the motherboard of the PC prevents the software from being reinstalled. • Furthermore, the software is discontinued by Zeiss and must be replaced with a current version. • The price for new software including hardware and training is €29,100 (as of March 2024). This offer was tailored to my needs and is provided for informational purposes. Chsdjxurcdspfx Ac Dja • Since the machine has been used very little, there is virtually no wear on the bearings and drives. • A set of probes from the basic equipment is included; only a few of these have ever been used.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, Measuring machine Zeiss CMM Pro T2 advance 16/21, year of manufacture 2014 – in very good condition • Standard numerical control panel • Base plate dimensions: Length: 4,000 mm Width: 2,000 mm Height: 640 mm Total system height approx. 4,500 mm • Measuring range: X-axis: 3,200 mm Y-axis: 1,600 mm Z-axis: 2,100 mm • Permissible workpiece weight: approx. 5,000 kg Codpfx Acoxuq Tue Djha Software: Zeiss Caligo BASIS CNC, Zeiss Caligo QS-STAT • Length measurement deviation according to ISO 10360-2: MPE-E = (27 + L/80)μm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, Zeiss Vista measuring machine, year of manufacture 2000 Includes Erowa UPC pallet/chuck mounted on the Vista. Codpszd Dhkjfx Ac Deha

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, Measuring Machine Zeiss Prismo7, Year 1997, Completely Refurbished in 2024 ZEISS Prismo7 CNC – COMPLETELY REFURBISHED!! USED MACHINE Made in Germany Year of manufacture: 1997, modernized in 2024 with new control system, new probe system, and new user-friendly measuring software. Measuring volume: 1,500 x 900 x 700 mm Chjdpfxexuravo Ac Dsa Measurement accuracy according to ISO 10360-2: MPEe=(1.9+L/450)μm, MPEp=1.9μm Including base frame with integrated active vibration damping. Covered auxiliary support guide with additional scale to increase measuring accuracy. The scope of delivery also includes the following accessories: 1. Motorized rotary/swivel head PH10T Plus by Renishaw and interchangeable probe TP200 by Renishaw 2. Probe change magazine TW200. In total, 2 TP200 Standardforce probe modules are included. 3. Measuring software ThomControl CNC Basic Geometry. All geometric elements can be measured, graphically displayed, and documented. Evaluation of all form and positional tolerances. ISO tolerance database is integrated. Measurement programs can be created via teach-in. CNC measuring strategies are graphically displayed. 4. The MCU-Lite2 one-hand joystick from Renishaw features stepless speed control, emergency stop, and freely assignable function keys. 5. CNC control unit UCC2-2 Plus by Renishaw, housed in a separate control cabinet. 6. Powerful DELL PC with 8 GB RAM, 500 GB HDD, 2GB graphics card, WINDOWS 11 Professional 64-bit, sound card, network connection, 24" TFT monitor, including 3-year on-site service and an "ALL IN ONE" HP color printer. 7. Calibration sphere Ø25. 8. M2 stylus kit, 10 pieces.

Condition: excellent (used), Zeiss stylus kit in very good condition Chsdpfxjurlqcj Ac Dja

Condition: used, 2 Carl Zeiss microscopes with accessories Chsdpfjurlprex Ac Doa

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 201502530269, measuring range X-axis: 700 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 700 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 600 mm, table load: 560 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, type plate available, ZEISS CONTURA G2 7/7/6 – VAST XXT TL1 Year of Manufacture: 2015 | Commissioned: 2016 | Immaculate Condition | Extremely Low Operating Hours We are offering for sale a ZEISS Contura G2 coordinate measuring machine (CMM) with a measuring range of 700 × 700 × 600 mm, equipped with a VAST XXT TL1 scanning probe head. The device comes from a controlled laboratory environment and was used exclusively on-demand, single-shift operation, never on a production line – resulting in exceptionally low actual usage and outstanding technical condition. 🔹 Basic Information Manufacturer: ZEISS Model: Contura G2 Measuring Range (X/Y/Z): 700 / 700 / 600 mm Year of Manufacture: 2015 Commissioned: 2016 Technical and Visual Condition: Perfect Measurement Error MPE (E0) = 1.7+L / 350 μm 🔹 Configuration and Accessories ✅ ZEISS VAST XXT TL1 active scanning probe head ✅ Stylus rack / magazine ✅ Set of measuring styli (mainly diameters ⌀ 0.6 mm and ⌀ 1.5 mm) ✅ Reference sphere ✅ BP26_SE control console 🔹 Usage History Device used exclusively in laboratory conditions Occasional, project-based (on-demand) use Single-shift operation, no serial or production work As a result, the machine exhibits extremely minimal mechanical wear 🔹 Service and Calibration Cjdpfx Aceyzmbde Doha ✅ Service and calibration exclusively by official ZEISS technicians ✅ Regular maintenance according to manufacturer guidelines ✅ No third-party interventions ✅ Device fully operational 🔹 Status 📍 Machine available immediately 🔍 Viewing possible 📄 Full documentation included ✅ Buyer arranges transport

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Ser. Nr. 151041, measuring range X-axis: 400 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 400 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 200 mm, Equipment: type plate available, Multisensor Coordinate Measuring Machine O-Inspect O-Inspect O-I 442 Measuring range: X = 400 mm, Y = 400 mm, Z = 200 mm Length measuring deviation according to ISO 10360-2 with VAST XXT: MPE_E = (1.9 + L/250) µm, MPE_P = 1.9 µm Scanning performance according to ISO 10360-4 with VAST XXT: MPE_THP = 3.5 µm in 68 s Length measuring deviation according to VDI/VDE 2617 Sheet 6.1 for Discovery Zoom objective: Cedezg Ef Njpfx Ac Djha MPE_E2D(OT) = (1.9 + L/250) µm Permissible temperature range for specifications: 19–21 °C Machine features, equipment:  Gantry-type measuring machine with a moving machine table  Table height approx. 850 mm  Path measuring system, 0.1 µm resolution  Integrated vibration damping  PC-based scanning control (ISC) integrated  Prepared for optical camera system Discovery Zoom sensor and tactile scanning probe VAST XXT TL1  Integrated through-light system  Numerical control panel, standard with rotatable tray  Calibration sphere D = 25 mm  Calibration ring  Regularly calibrated by ZEISS  Last calibration: April 2025  Complete calibration history available  Comprehensive accessory package including VAST XXT TL1, Discovery Zoom sensor, RT-OI Horizontal Complete, grid plate, glass frame, and Calypso software  Original ZEISS documentation available The machine has been regularly calibrated and inspected by ZEISS. Corresponding calibration protocols are available. Calibrations performed:  October 2009  November 2011  November 2013  January 2015  January 2016  January 2017  January 2018  February 2019  January 2020  March 2022  April 2023  April 2025 Note: The regular calibrations by ZEISS document the continuous maintenance and proper operation of the measuring system. The corresponding calibration protocols can be made available for review upon serious purchase interest.

Condition: excellent (used), ZEISS Type: DSM 962 The digitized scanning electron microscope DSM 962 is a device equipped with an integrated 4 MB image memory, a 40 MB hard drive for internal image storage, as well as drives for external storage of data and images. This allows for quick and easy acquisition of information about the composition and morphology of specimen surfaces, even down to the sub-micrometer range. With a magnification range of 5x to 300,000x, both the examination of macrostructures and microstructures is possible. Through special attachments, the range of applications can be significantly expanded, enabling, for example, analytical investigations in micro-areas of the surface. The device can be operated using conventional switches or via the keyboard and mouse (optional). The electron optics and vacuum control are conventional. The functions of the image memory are operated using the keyboard or mouse (optional). A separate information display is located centrally on the control panel for displaying the menus. This user manual is intended to serve as a guide for the user to achieve the best possible results with the device. The explanations have been kept as simple as possible in order to provide even a less experienced user with the necessary knowledge. Magnification range: 20x to 300,000x at a 7 mm working distance Steps in a sequence of 1-2-3-5-10 Cjdpfjzdthysx Ac Deha Minimum magnification: 5x at a 50 mm working distance Resolution: 4 nm - guaranteed with tungsten filament at 30 kV, 6 mm working distance, untilted specimen 25 nm - guaranteed with tungsten filament at 1 kV, 6 mm working distance, untilted specimen 3.5 nm - guaranteed with optimized LaB6 filament at 30 kV, 6 mm working distance, untilted specimen Scope of supply: (DSM 962 with accessories as shown) Condition: used (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) Please inquire about transport options before purchasing. We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have by phone.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Large ZEISS PRO T SELECT Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) available for immediate sale. The machine was previously installed in a professional metrology laboratory and has been professionally decommissioned. It is stored indoors and is ready for shipment. Technical specifications: * Manufacturer: ZEISS * Model: PRO T SELECT * Year of manufacture: 2005 * Serial number: 131860 * Steel measuring table: 4000 × 3000 mm * Probe system: Renishaw RDS-CAA indexing probe head Cedpfx Acszga D He Dsha * Calibration according to DIN EN ISO 10360 * Latest ZEISS calibration performed in 2025 (documentation available) * Complete machine * Indoor storage * Ready for immediate loading and worldwide shipment Included: * Complete ZEISS PRO T measuring machine * Renishaw RDS-CAA probe head * ZEISS calibration documentation (2025) * Available technical documentation (upon request) Additional information: The machine is available for inspection by appointment.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, Zeiss Vista measuring machine, manufactured in 2000. Chsdpfxszd Dkxj Ac Dja

Condition: ready for operation (used), Zeiss 608093 9203 ÄZ02 35/05 Path measurement 32 Prismo / Wegmessung 32 Prismo-ST 608093-9203-701, used, as good as new condition, 100% functional Csdpfx Aey T Dp Asc Dsha

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, 3D Coordinate Measuring Machine | Brand: MAUSER/ZEISS | Type: KMZ-G 602520 | Year of manufacture: 1988/2003 Optionally available with an air-conditioned hall. The machine has been calibrated regularly by ZEISS. The last calibration was performed on August 7, 2025, the next calibration (recommended) is scheduled for August 2026. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:: Measuring ranges (Length x Width x Height): 6.000 x 2.500 x 2.000 mm Travels: - X-axis: 6.000 mm - Y-axis: 2.500 mm - Z-axis: 2.000 mm - Length measurement uncertainty according to VDI/VDE 2617: U3 = (5,0 + L/250)µm, V2 = 3,5 µm - Length measurement uncertainty according to ISO 10360-2: MPE_E = (5,0 + L/250)µm - Environmental conditions for maintaining the specified accuracy: * Temperature range: 21°C +/- 3°K Chodoy Iub Sepfx Ac Dea * Temperature fluctuation: 0,5°K/h, 1,0°K/d, 0,5°K/m - Environmental conditions for operation: * Temperature range: + 15°C up to 35°C * Humidity: 30 up to 70% General features, Equipment: - Portal measuring machine with ultra-precision guides and ball-screw drives - Second Y-axis with granite guideway and air bearing - High-resolution Zeiss scales - Positive-drive mechanisms in all three axes - Collision protection for the quill and probe head (for VAST-TK) for manual and setup modes - Safety position for crane interlock - Reference temperature compensation - Microcomputer control - Practice piece: cube, star-shaped stylus - Reference probe D = 8 mm, length: 115 mm - Reference standard D = 30 mm - includes basic software package - Load-bearing capacity: Limited only by the foundation design - Measuring system: VAST - Software: Zeiss CALYPSO - Documentation Without guarantee of completeness and correctness of the technical information and the equipment. - Subject to prior sale -

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 50 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: SK02UXKP0579, measuring range X-axis: 550 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 600 mm, overall weight: 1 kg, repeat accuracy: 0.02 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, ZEISS T-SCAN hawk metrology laser 3D scanner with accuracy 0,02mm + 0,035mm/m with 3 scanning modes (Standard - 7 red crosses, Fine - 5 blue lines, Single red line for deep holes). Manufacturing year 2022. Fully functional and ready to use. Chsdjyxy Sdspfx Ac Dja Included: 3D scanner Calibration panel Powerful Dell mobile workstation still under Dell Pro Support Warranty Software GOM/ZEISS Inspect 2021 licence on USB drive Rigid travel case Laptop bag All original documentation included Inspection under working conditions possible. ZEISS INSPECT 2021: • Opening and editing new and existing projects • Import of point clouds and polygon meshes • Creation, editing, and processing of polygon meshes • Construction of elements: basic geometries, points, sections, curves, surfaces, dimensions • Import of CAD data in standard formats: IGES, VDA, STEP, JT Open, STL, PLY • Use of common alignment methods • CAD comparison with color deviation mapping • Dimensioning and evaluation of form/position according to ISO GPS and ASME Y14.5 • Reporting module Delivery

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, workpiece weight (max.): 100 kg, total width: 320 mm, total length: 640 mm, total height: 540 mm, Axioplan 2 Imaging, a universal all-in-one solution adaptable to any application. A flexible, future-oriented microscope system, controllable via computer or manually, capable of digital image capture and storage, and able to communicate with other systems – truly a digital microscope from A to Z. Eight filter positions with a full 25 mm field of view, easily accessible in a compact reflector turret: This means top performance without compromise and offers space for a wide range of filter combinations, Optovar modules, multi-channel fluorescence, and a DIC analyzer. Cjdpfxoytr Acj Ac Deha Includes attachment for the AXIOPLAN photomicroscope.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 23-000209, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 230 V, measuring range X-axis: 500 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 500 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 500 mm, total width: 1,500 mm, total length: 1,600 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 100 kg, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, power of the servo motor: 1,000 W, Equipment: documentation/manual, type plate available, We offer this used Carl Zeiss GOM Metrology ATOS ScanBox 4105, manufactured in 2023. Model: ATOS ScanBox 4105 Serial number: 23-000209 Csdpoy U R S Hsfx Ac Deha Year of manufacture: 2023 Mains voltage: 230 VAC Frequency: 50/60 Hz Phases: 1 phase Power: 1 kW Sensor: GOM ATOS Q, 8 megapixels, and 270 mm measuring volume Robot: Fanuc Max. component size: Ø 500 mm, height 500 mm Dimensions (L × W × H): 1,600 × 1,500 × 2,100 mm Made in Germany If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1986, Offered is a 3D coordinate measuring machine. Working area X/Y/Z: 850mm/1200mm/600mm, probe holder: Renishaw PH10M, table surface: granite plate, resolution: 0.1µm, air supply: 5bar, control: Zeiss CMM Controller. Equipped with control panel with joystick, SCR200 probe change magazine, calibration sphere, extensive probe accessories. Weight: approx. 2400kg, overall dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 2100mm/1900mm/2350mm. Inspection possible by arrangement. Cjdpfx Asy T N H Tjc Deha

Condition: used, 3-D coordinate measuring machine ZEISS NUMEREX - non-functional Granite measuring table, granite measuring plate, measuring table Model No. 3648-18, Serial No. X-1019, Year of manufacture approx. 1986 Measuring range X = approx. 1250 mm, Y = approx. 900 mm, Z = approx. 400 mm Measuring plate L x W 1525 x 1435 mm Usable area 1525 x 1100 mm Measuring plate thickness 305 mm Passage width in the portal 1100 mm Chodpjfy U Ewsfx Ac Dja Measuring probe mount Ø 9.5 mm Compressed air connection 6 bar Mains connection 230 Volt, 50 Hz - Granite plate with steel inserts with internal thread - Axis adjustment with pneumatic sliding guide for X, Y and Z axis - Plate on substructure with 5 adjustable feet, 3 support plates for the adjustable feet - Computer and software missing (not included and not part of the scope of delivery) → non-functional! Space requirement of the measuring machine L x W x H 1600 x 1850 x 2200 mm Weight of the machine approx. 2.8 tons Plate damaged on one side, see picture, otherwise in good condition.

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: not functional, machine/vehicle number: 135414, measuring range X-axis: 4,200 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 1,600 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 2,100 mm, controller model: C99, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! The machine is currently not operational. There are defects on the Y-axis and Z-axis. Further details can be found in the attached service report and calibration certificate. TECHNICAL DETAILS Measuring range X: 4,200 mm Measuring range Y: 1,600 mm Measuring range Z: 2,100 mm Measuring table: 5,000 x 1,800 mm Calibrated measuring volume X-direction: 4,200 mm Y-direction: 1,600 mm Z-direction: 1,600 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control unit: C99 Chedpey R Taxjfx Ac Dsa EQUIPMENT Probe head: TP20 #5M2409 Measuring software: CMM-OS 5.4.00 CAA File: 03.06.2025 Calibration sphere: #134983 Note: The measuring computer HP Z420 Windows 7 can be supplied upon request. Please note this device has a virus infection caused by a hacker attack.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, measuring range X-axis: 400 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 400 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 200 mm, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 200 mm, input voltage: 230 V, Equipment: lighting, type plate available, Year of manufacture: 2012 Tactile: Vast XXT E0 X/Y (1D) in [μm] at 20 ±2 °C 1.7 + L/250 E0 XY (2D) in [μm] at 20 ±2 °C 1.7 + L/250 E0 (3D) in [μm] at 20 ±2 °C 1.9 + L/250 Scanning probing deviation MPE according to ISO 10360-4:2000 THP at 2.7 [μm] Single probe probing deviation form MPE according to ISO 10360-5:2010 Chjdpfxjuq Nfhj Ac Dea PFTU 1.9 [μm] Camera system: Zeiss Discovery 12 EB X/Y (1D) 5) in [μm] at 20 ±2 °C 1.7 + L/250 EB XY (2D) 5) in [μm] at 20 ±2 °C 1.7 + L/250 Probe deviation MPE according to ISO 10360-7:2011 PF2D 5) 1.7 [μm] Probe deviation of the image processing system MPE according to ISO 10360-7:2011 PFV2D 5) 1.2 [μm] Possible services: delivery, commissioning

Condition: refurbished (used), Used 3D CNC coordinate measuring machine. ZEISS Eclipse 7.7.5 – fully modernized in 2026 with a new UCC-S3 controller, PH10M rotary-swivel system, joystick box, SP25 scanning probe, and a PC with RationaDMIS 3D software. Further details available upon request Measuring range X = 700 mm - Y = 700 mm - Z = 500 mm Price: upon request Cedpfsy Nzr Tsx Ac Doha ᐳᐳᐳ One-of-a-kind item - while available ᐸᐸᐸ Request our detailed quote. Of course, we provide all services such as installation, maintenance, service, training, programming, etc.

Condition: used, Used 3D CNC coordinate measuring machine. Codpfx Asy Nzk Aec Deha ZEISS Prismo 7 – upgraded in 2016 with UCC control, PH10M rotary-head-system, joystick box, SP25 scanning probe, and a PC with RationaDMIS 3D software. Further details available upon request Measuring range X = 900 mm - Y = 1200 mm - Z = 700 mm Price: upon request ᐳᐳᐳ One-of-a-kind item - while available ᐸᐸᐸ Request our detailed quote. Of course, we provide all services such as installation, maintenance, service, training, programming, etc.