Used Testing Machine for sale (70,982)

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Universal Testing Machine PM50 Force: 50 kN Crosshead travel: 1200 mm Installation space: 400 mm Overall height: 1817 mm Weight: approx. 380 kg Resolution: 0.01 mm Testing speed: 0.03-1000 mm/min Return speed: 1000 mm/min Load cell: 50 kN Includes evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode using a numeric keypad, allowing for a "quick test" even without a PC. For tests that require data storage and recording of the curve, we offer the basic software, which allows you to control and evaluate the test. This enables you to generate various test sequences and create a test report. Furthermore, you have the option to process the raw data in your own programs. Optional: Crjdpfxsd R Dp Eo Adroh - Delivery and commissioning - DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Clamping devices: Pressure plates, bending devices, shear devices, wedge clamps, scissor clamps, peeling clamps, screw clamps, pneumatic clamps, and hydraulic clamps.

Condition: excellent (used), Module range: 0,1 – 2 mm Cedpfx Ajwkgr Iodrerh Centre distance range: 25 – 85 mm Vertical stroke of master gear slide: 40 mm Diameter of measured gear, max. (clamped on arbor): 120 mm Diameter of measured gear, max. (clamped between centers): 80 mm Maximum distance between centers for clamping of measured part: 200 mm Weight of measured gear, max.: 0,5 kg Measuring force adjustment, manually adjustable: 0 – 8 N Standard master gear arbor, diameter: 12,7 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, max. wheel diameter 2500 mm gear width 0 mm max. module 34 min. module 1 total power requirement ca. 15 kW Crsdpot Hw Aaofx Adrsh weight of the machine ca. 15 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,20 x 2,00 x 2,90 m Extra große ZR-Prüfmaschine, Gegenhalter

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, max. wheel diameter 400 mm gear width NA mm max. module 5 min. module total power requirement kW weight of the machine ca. t Cjdpfx Aet Hw Ebedrsrh dimensions of the machine ca. m Manual Two Flank Gear Tester

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Max. testing force 5 kN, actual WINDOWS software (free programmable testing procedure) more than 600 ready prepared testing results - demo machine for special price The machine state is as new. Price of machine is without clamping heads (shown on the photo) because this equipment will be delivered as option according to your requirements. Price includes: - Machine 100 % functional - incl. load cell 5 kN (quality class 0.5 from 50 - 5000 N) - warranty 24 month - software Graphwork 6 (actual) - without clamping heads (as option) - without costs for delivery (depending on distance) - incl. setup, training Optional: - clamping heads - bending support - compression plates - extensometer - climatic chamber Even everything for to perform standard test procedures or according to you company requirements up to high performance testing equipment like MICRON LASER SPECKLE (optical Laser Speckle extensometer for non contact measuring of elongation for metal, plastic and other... Please ask for different machines with higher / lower forces, special equipment or applications: We offer new machines with highest quality and best price ratio at fair prices! Credpfodb Nfpox Adrjh Photos shows machine with optional equipment!

Condition: ready for operation (used), The Klingelnberg PSR 500 U worm gear testing machine was designed as a universal machine for the flexible testing of worm gears and is used by manufacturers of gear and transmission technologies for the single-flanking rolling test process for worm gear sets (EFWP). Technical data: Max. worm gear diameter: 500 mm Max. spindle length: 500 mm Max. spindle diameter: 200 mm Center distance: 0 ... 400 mm Max. measuring speed: 60 rpm Braking torque: 2.5 Nm Max. worm gear weight: 150 kg Max. spindle weight: 50 kg Table diameter: 300 mm Machine weight: 800 kg Crodpfx Aozxghvsdreh Dimensions: 1500 x 1500 x 1600 mm The following parameters can be measured here: • Flank deviations Fi', fi', fl', fk' • Flank clearance, runout, roundness (option) • Contact pattern with digital camera • Pitch deviation • FFT analysis, spectrum *Image shows the machine in its current condition as a retrofit/modernized unit. *Further information about the machine is available upon request.

Year of construction: 2024, condition: new, Universal testing machine H50TMCI / 900 Watt Mechanical design: in accordance with DIN EN ISO 7500-1) Cjdpfeiq Hxcjx Adrorh 2 backlash-free ball screws, drive via AC servomotor, Fmax = 50 kN, stiffness 65 kN/mm 1 working area up to nominal load: Working area width: 510 mm (optional widening: +240mm / +530mm) Max. test stroke without testing tools, adapters and load cells: 1095 mm (optional extensions: +250mm / +500mm) Optional: Conversion to a benchtop model, required additional component: base table Travel speeds: Test speed 0.001 - 800 mm/min at full load Return speed 800 mm/min Force measurement: Measuring range: in the range of 0.4 - 100 % of the nominal load, class 1 (optional class 0.5) (+/- 1 % of the displayed value in accordance with DIN EN ISO 7500-1) Resolution of the force measurement: +/-180,000 digits with a 20ms integration time The machine is supplied with a factory test certificate. If a factory or DKD calibration is to be performed at the customer's location upon request, this additional effort must be calculated separately. Crosshead travel measurement: Incremental square-wave input with encoder monitoring, storage of the crosshead position Resolution of the crosshead travel measurement:

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, workpiece diameter 5 - 1.000 mm module range 0,2 - 25 helix angle < 90 ° Control Wenzel GearTec faceplate diameter 750 mm x-axis 1.200 mm y-axis 550 mm z-axis 1.000 mm total power requirement 6,5 kW Cjdpfx Asyvvlbedrsrh weight of the machine ca. 11 t dimensions of the machine ca. 3,30 x 3,15 x 2,70 m Software: BMain, FPDFPPostAction, GrafTool, TAlign, TAnalyse, TApplication, TCali, TCut_INPUT, TCut_MEAS_EVAL, TGear_INPUT, TGear_MEAS_EVAL, THob_INPUT, THob_MEAS_EVAL, TMesblatt, TPlot, TRoot_INPUT, TShaft_INPUT, TShaft_MEAS_EVAL, TStat, TStylus, WMI, wingeco.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: repair required (used), functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: 54942, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! EXW – Dismantling and loading must be organized by the buyer! TECHNICAL DETAILS Nominal test force: 50 kN Test stroke: < 1,400 mm Usable distance between pressure plates: approx. 800 mm Test area width: 500 mm Test speed: continuously variable 0.001–1,200 mm/min Resolution of displacement measurement: ≤ 0.001 mm Diameter of pressure plates: 246 mm Crsdpfezx S Egsx Adrjh Centering bore: 40 mm Thread: M12 Hardness: ≥ 56 HRC Design: Steel, hardened, rotatable at the top and bottom, lockable at 0° Measuring range of the enveloping circle: 30–250 mm Design: Probe with bearing rollers Measurement: Recording under load MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Control system with control computer Test program: Enveloping circle measurement Network: Fast Ethernet, 100 Mbit/s between the control computer and the separately required operating PC Software delivery: USB stick with installation software Documentation: Version and license status not documented separately Last calibration: 08/04/2025 Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions: approx. 750 × 900 × 1,950 mm Base frame dimensions: approx. 730 × 900 × 700 mm Control cabinet with control computer dimensions: approx. 600 × 600 × 1,900 mm Machine weight: approx. 490 kg Base frame weight: approx. 50 kg Voltage supply: 3 × 400 V AC, 50 Hz, N + PE Type plate power: 3,000 W Connected power: approx. 3 kVA EQUIPMENT Base frame Control cabinet with control computer Rotatable pressure plates Enveloping circle measuring device with probes and bearing rollers USB stick with installation software Compressed air connection: Pneumatic connection with shut-off valve Note: The functionality has been tested and confirmed. However, an unresolved error message on the drive prevents further use. The machine is in like-new condition visually. The operating PC is not included in the offer.

Condition: used, Zwick / Roell Type: LTM10 Maximum testing frequency: 100 Hz, depending on the amplitude Dynamic testing force in tension/compression: 10 kN Static testing force in tension/compression: 7 kN Piston stroke: 60 mm Positioning and repeatability accuracy: +/- 2 µm Speed range: 1 mm/min - 1 m/s Testing space height without force sensor: 1170 mm Weight with linear motor: 1065 kg (without control unit) Maintenance: according to maintenance instructions, partially performed by Zwick/Roell Accessories: Screw chucks, software (TestXpert research) Connection: 400V 50/60 Hz 32A 3Ph/PE Condition: used Codpfxszh D R Ho Adrjrh Scope of delivery: (See image) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have by phone.

Condition: used, SincoTec Type: Exciting Mot Resonance testing system POWER SWINGLY 20 kN The POWER SWINGLY BigTable resonance testing system is designed as a two-mass shaker. It consists of an oscillating head, which is excited by an unbalanced motor driven by a frequency-controlled asynchronous motor. The oscillating head is located in the upper part of the machine and generates the dynamic amplitude. The oscillating head is supported by pre-tensioned coil spring supports on the upper crossbeam and is guided centrally. The central load drive is located in the lower part of the machine and applies the static preload with the aid of a gear motor via a spindle drive. The test chamber is located above the clamping table and is bounded upwards by the adjustable crossbeam. The EXCITING MOT control system controls the testing system. The complete control electronics for the control system are housed in an industrial PC cabinet. Crodpszii Awsfx Adroh The control cabinet is made of powder-coated steel sheet and meets protection class IP 50 according to EN 60529. Technical data: General data of the testing system: Overall height of the testing system 1840 to 2240 mm Height of the machine table 1030 mm Width of the testing system 800 mm Depth of the testing system 1500 mm Height of the test chamber max. 600 mm (without force sensor) Free column passage 550 mm Maximum force amplitude 10000 N Maximum total force ±20000 N Maximum stroke ±5 mm Test frequency 30 to 110 Hz Accuracy of the measuring sensors min. Class 1 (according to DIN EN 10002-3) Weight of the testing system approx. 1880 kg Max. weight of the clamping device 150 kg General data of the control cabinet: Overall height of the control cabinet 1900 mm Height of the table top 1080 mm Width of the control cabinet 650 mm Depth of the control cabinet 700 mm Weight of the control cabinet 152 kg Color RAL 9006 (white aluminum), table top Midnight Conditions for the installation site: Space requirement 2.5 x 2.5 m Required ceiling height 2.8 m Floor load-bearing capacity 170 N/cm² Voltage supply 400 V / 50 Hz (clockwise rotating field) Connection plug CEE socket, s-pole, 16 A Fuse 16 A Connection and environmental conditions Mains conditions: Voltage 400 V three-phase current with PE conductor and protective earth, clockwise rotating field Voltage fluctuations < ± 10% Short-time voltage dips < 20 ms Limits for permanent disturbances Radio interference level A according to VDE0871 Frequency 50 Hz ± 1% Protective earth Grounding resistance < 0.3 Ω Model: POWER SWINGLY MOT Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have by phone.

Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 5 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, Universal testing machine H5TMCI 250mm Extended mechanical structure: 2 backlash-free recirculating ball screws, drive via AC servo motor, Fmax = 5 kN, stiffness 10 kN/mm 1 working area up to nominal load: working chamber width: 420 mm (optional extensions: +190mm / +330mm / +620mm) max. test stroke without test tools, adapters and KMZ: 1025 mm (optional extensions: +250mm / +500mm) Optional: conversion to floor model, required additional assembly: substructure table Travel speeds: Crsdpfx Aomdpafodreh Test speed 0.001 - 2000 mm/min at full load Return speed 2000 mm/min Force measurement: Measuring range: in the range 0.4 - 100 % of the nominal load class 1 (optionally class 0.5) (+/- 1 % of the displayed value according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1) Resolution of force measurement: +/-180,000 digits at 20ms integration time The machine is delivered with a factory test certificate. If, at the customer's request, a factory or DKD calibration is to be carried out at the installation site, this expense must be invoiced separately. Crosshead travel measurement: Incremental rectangular input with encoder monitoring, storage of crosshead position. Resolution of the crosshead travel measurement:

Year of construction: 2018, condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL DETAILS Load cell: 2 pcs Xforce K Testing software: testControl II & testXpert III Load cell: Xforce K Measuring amplifier: DCSC module Documentation: available FURTHER TECHNICAL DETAILS - as per documentation, no guarantee Maximum test force Fmax: 50 kN Total height of the testing chamber: 1,534 mm Height of the lower testing chamber without attachments: 1,355 mm Height of the upper testing chamber without attachments: 1,369 mm An additional crossbeam is required for the upper testing chamber. Testing chamber width: 440 mm Load frame Load frame height without uprights: 1,714 mm Load frame height with uprights: 1,829–2,694 mm Load frame width without uprights: 760 mm Load frame width with uprights: 936 mm Load frame width with uprights and machine electronics: 1,124 mm Load frame depth: 140 mm Load frame depth without uprights and with drive base: 507 mm Load frame depth with uprights: 762 mm Load frame depth with uprights and machine electronics: 765 mm Weight and footprint Weight with machine electronics, uprights and typical attachments: approx. 300 kg Net footprint: 0.01 m² Load frame footprint: 0.713 m² Average sound pressure level at maximum speed at a distance of 1 m from the front of the machine: 61 dB(A) Drive Crossbeam speed: min. 0.0005 mm/min to max. 600 mm/min Crossbeam return speed: max. 1,000 mm/min Deviation from the set drive speed: max. 0.05% of the actual value Drive path resolution: 0.317891 nm Positioning repeatability without direction reversal: ±2.0 µm Adaptive control Cycle time: 1,000 Hz Power input Power connection plug CEE 7 (Schuko) Power connection: 230 V, 1 Ph/N/PE Power consumption at full load: approx. 2.3 kVA Mains frequency: 50/60 Hz Mains-side protection of the power connection cable: 16 A Safety functions The drive is equipped with a mechanical holding brake. When switching off, when the emergency stop is activated, or in the event of a power failure, the material testing machine stops at the current position. Crodpfezpw Hdsx Adrjh Unintended unloading due to energy stored in the specimen is prevented.

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, The Klingelnberg PKE 300 H (PSKE 900) bevel gear testing machine was designed as a universal machine for the flexible machining of gears and is used for single flank rolling tests on bevel gears with evaluation Picture shows machine in actual condition as retrofit / modernized. Performance description: Wheel diameter: 450 (300) mm Axle angle: 90 degrees Hypoid: +/- 60 mm Space requirement approx.: 1.4 x 0.8 x 1.5 mm Cjdpfetncnhox Adrorh Machine weight approx.: 1,100 kg Further information on possible options, current purchase price on request. *Information, dates are non-binding, subject to prior sale

Condition: used, The Klingelnberg GKP 90 bevel gear testing machine was designed as a universal machine and is used by manufacturers of gears and transmission technologies for noise and contact pattern testing on bevel and hypoid gears. Technical Data • Diameter: 540 (400) mm Credpfx Aexpq Nljdreh • Hypoid: ±50 mm • Pinion spindle diameter: 90 mm • Dimensions (LxWxH): 1,800 x 1,800 x 1,600 mm • Machine weight: approx. 2,800 kg *Information and data are provided without obligation. Subject to prior sale. Special Features: The machine is intended for noise and contact pattern testing on bevel and hypoid gears of all gear types. By simulating operational conditions, applying various rotational speeds, and switching load states between drive and coast, the optimal installation distance for standstill can be determined. • Digital actual value display for 2 axes • Infinitely variable speed adjustment via frequency inverter • Electrically secured and removable safety guard • Accessories: Large number of workpiece holders • Condition: Very good

Condition: used, Zwick tensile testing machine Model: Z20 Controller: BX1-EZ020.A4K-000 Technical Data: Stroke: 200 mm Piston dimensions (H x W x D): 1037 x 385 x 180 mm Fmax: 20 kN Vmax: 125 mm/s Accessories: ClipOn extensometer 13.5 mm Extensometer MFA 25 (temperature range up to +200°C) Computer + Software: testXpert II V3.5 Climate chamber: Airtemp LKG-K-TK-50-040/150 Temperature range: -40°C to +150°C Climate temperature range: 20°C to +90°C Humidity range: 10% to 95% Credpfx Adszil Uporsh Test chamber volume: 50 liters Temperature change rate: 1 K/min Refrigerant: R404, 5 kg Voltage: 400V 3Ph/N/PE/50 Hz 16 A 9 kW Condition: used Total weight: approx. 1500 kg Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Subject to change and errors in technical data and specifications!) For further questions, we are happy to assist you by phone. Written orders possible by email or fax.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, Traverses X Y Z: 1020 x 610 x 620mm, Table size 1200mm x 600mm, Crodpoz Eh Nlsfx Adroh spindle speed 12000rpm, spindle motor power 14.7kW, Siemens 840DSL control with Shopmill, 43M/min rapids, Spindle taper BT40, 30 station ATC, through spindle coolant, swarf conveyor.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, max. wheel diameter 500 mm gear width 200-400 mm module 12 turning speeds 0-3250 U/min bracke pressure bis max. 95 Nm inner taper Konus #39 Control Fanuc 16 total power requirement 15 kW weight of the machine ca. 6 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2.350 x 2.240 x 2.500 mm HIGHLY FLEXIBLE TESTING OF HARD, FINISHED AND GREEN SPIRAL BEVEL AND HYPOID GEAR SETS The T 60 bevel gear testing machine is a CNC testing machine with three linear axes for the fully automatic hard and soft testing of spiral bevel and hypoid gear sets with a 90° axis angle. It offers versatile objective and subjective testing options with speeds up to 3,250 min and braking torques up to max. 95 Cjdsvr Hf Eopfx Adrsrh Nm.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, XYZ 1630 SLX CNC Lathe New 2013. Swing 400mm x 760mm B.C. Spindle speeds & bore 150- 2500rpm & 54mm. C/w 3jaw chuck, quick change tool-post. Crodoz E R N Uepfx Adrjh

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 2,300 h, machine/vehicle number: 921R50022874, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: MAX photonics, laser power: 2,000 W, pipe diameter (max.): 200 mm, pipe length (max.): 6,000 mm, working length: 6,000 mm, travel distance X-axis: 6,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 360 mm, feed rate X-axis: 120 m/min, cutting speed: 1,600 mm/min, positioning speed: 120 m/min, positioning accuracy: 0.03 mm, repeat accuracy: 0.03 mm, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, type of cooling: water, overall weight: 14,700 kg, total length: 12,500 mm, total width: 4,700 mm, total height: 2,600 mm, tube wall thickness (max.): 6 mm, Equipment: cooling unit, emergency stop, fume extraction, safety light barrier, Laser machine for sale, in very good condition. It has a new laser source that is only a few months old. The machine has few operating hours and has been regularly maintained and is in daily use. It is possible to inspect and test the machine immediately upon arrangement. Crsdpfxjzg D I As Adrsh NOTE: Capable of cutting round, square, rectangular, oval, D-shaped, and U-shaped tubes.

Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 2,000 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 22015404-1, The blister packaging machine is in very good condition and is fully operational and functional. A test run of the machine and inspection of its operation are possible. The machine has been regularly maintained and serviced. Upon sale, all available additional spare parts and replacement components will be included. Cjdsyuc Hzopfx Adrjrh In addition to the blister packaging machine, the package also includes the following components that were additionally ordered alongside the basic machine. Camera inspection system for blister monitoring, a machine for secondary packaging of blisters SDZ-100, and a chiller for cooling the film from which the blisters are thermoformed. You can produce blister "0" 120x70x15 and blister "00" 120x70x30. All machines are supplied with the relevant technical documentation and CE certificates. All technical specifications, dimensions, the machine layout, as well as catalogs and instructions can be found in the attached PDF files.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, Clampable cutter head type (max.) 460 mm Cutter head weight (max.) 150 kg Mounting disc diameter for cutter heads (Ø) 360 mm Mounting cone for cutter heads Nominal diameter Ø 58,227 mm travel -z axis 200 mm diagram-drawing enlargement ±10 - ± 500 µm weight of the machine ca. 2,3 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2 x 1,5 x 2,03 m In the manufacturing process for spiral-toothed bevel gears, the quality of the gear cutting gear cutting tools used plays a decisive role. Particularly in high gear cutting quality and a long service life can only be achieved with precisely can only be achieved with precisely adjusted cutterheads. The Oerlikon cutterhead setting and testing device CS 200 enables quick and easy setting of the individual knives and simple adjustment of the individual knives, it checks the position and documents the measurement results. The Codew N S E Aspfx Adrsrh measuring sequence on the CNC-controlled testing device is partially automated: The individual actions for carrying out the actions for carrying out the sequence are displayed on the screen via the operator guidance. The positioning of the individual knives in the cutter head and the height of the knife tips is largely automatic thanks to a special sequence and is simultaneously documented by means of a run-out diagram. A subsequent measuring sequence checks the radial position of the inner and outer cutting edges of all knives in the cutterhead. If individual test parameters on the knives do not correspond to the the tolerance specifications, this can be individually repositioned. The combination of semi-automated setting sequence, operator-guided set-up actions and automatic operator-guided set-up actions and automatic measuring sequence, cutterheads can be can be set conveniently, quickly and with high precision. Operator-guided setting and test sequence - Graphic display of the cutter head design and the measurement results with tolerance check - Instructions for the operator in plain text Instructions for the operator in plain text (without coded information) - Simple assignment of the measurement results to the knives - Documentation of the setting and measurement results via printer- Setting and test sequence suitable for ARCON®, RSR, Spirapid, SPIRON®, TRI-AC® types - Interface for neutral data

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, Technical details: max. wheel diameter: 5 - 260 mm gear width: 400 mm max. module: 15 min. module: 0,5 gear hobbing diameter - internal: 30 mm max. helix angle: > 85 ° Aussenverz. max. helix angle: > 45° Innenverz. Testing Range vertical: 400 mm dist. between centers: 5 - 600 mm table diameter: 260 mm max. table load: 100 kg speeds: 30 1/min total power requirement: 1,6 kVA Cjdpfx Adjqvcnnerjrh weight of the machine ca.: 900 kg dimensions of the machine ca.: 200 x 1300 x 2150 mm CNC Gear Tester in good condition, out of OEM Test Lab. For measuring of spur and helical toothing, additional of rotationally symetric parts as true running, coaxiality, axial runout, etc. with tool changer ( 4 nos.) *

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, 400mm swing, 220mm max diameter, 510mm cutting length, Siemens 828 Control, Crodez Hatfspfx Adroh 65mm bar capacity, 12 station turret, 17kW Spindle Motor, Spindle Speed 4000rpm, 3 jaw chuck, low volt light, coolant, Tool setter, swarf conveyor

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Universal Testing Machine PM50 Force: 50 kN Crosshead Travel: 1200 mm Test Area: 400 mm Overall Height: 1817 mm Weight: approx. 380 kg Resolution (Travel): 0.01 mm Test Speed: 0.03 - 1000 mm/min Return Speed: 1000 mm/min Load Cell: 50 kN Including evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode using a numeric keypad, which means that a "quick test" can be performed even without a PC. For tests requiring data storage and curve recording, our basic software enables you to control the machine and evaluate results. The software allows you to generate different test sequences and create test reports. Furthermore, you can export raw data for further processing in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning Cjdpfxsydazuo Adrerh - DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Grips/accessories: Compression plates, bending devices, shear fixtures, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.