Used Fixed Bed Milling Machine for sale (69,398)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 25,000 h, travel distance X-axis: 10,300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,800 mm, feed rate X-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 10 m/min, position of the milling head: 2.5 x 2.5 °, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 60 rpm, table width: 3,300 mm, table length: 12,000 mm, mount diameter: 50 mm, total height: 48,750 mm, total width: 100,000 mm, total length: 212,000 mm, overall weight: 100,000 kg, Duplex milling are two machines located one opposite the other which can work seperately or as single machine, workpiece can be machined with 2 simultaneous spindles. Production increase of up to 50% in relation to conventional solutions, i.e. individual milling machines Improvements in part precision, by managing to do the machining of the part in one single setup, in most of the cases One sole operator can control the DUPLEX milling machines Reduced space and investment requirement comparing with two single machines Fast investment amortization due to the high productivity Duplex solution admits different configurations: single working area, pendulum working areas For machining excavator arms / boom like, CAT, Caterpillar, Komatsu, Hitachi, Hyundai, Doosan, Case, Bobcat, JCB, Kobelco, Liebherr, Kubota, Takeuchi, Volvo X-Axis: 10300mm Y-Axis: 2000mm Z-Axis: 1800mm Table Length: 12000mm Table Width: 3300mm Chjdpfxsrx Rxto Ahmjc Table load: 100000 Power on spindle: 22/30kW Spindle speeds: 60 - 3000Rpm Spindle Taper: 50ISO/Bt/Mk Feed rate X-Axis: 10000mm/min. Feed rate Y-Axis: 10000mm/min. Feed rate Z-Axis: 10000mm/min. Millinghead auto-index:2.5 x 2.5° Working hours: 25000H Length: 21200mm Width: 10000mm Height: 4875mm Weight: 100000kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, x-travel 3500 mm y-travel 1600 mm z-travel 1200 mm spindle turning speed range 250 - 3000 U/min tool taper ISO SK-50 tool change unit 40 rapid traverse: 15000 mm/min. feed 5000 mm/min table dimension - longitudinal 3860 mm table dimension - cross 1000 mm control HEIDENHAIN TNCi530 weight of the machine ca. 24 t Chsdpeykvayefx Ahmjc dimensions of the machine ca. 8000 x 5000 x 4000 m

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Power supply: 400 V Motor power: 5.5 kW Spindle speed: 50 – 1520 rpm Table dimensions: 1700 × 400 mm Maximum table load: 1000 kg Table movement range: 1300 x 400 x 600 mm Maximum table load: 1000 kg Machine type: Console milling machine Design: Heavy Line Application: Metal machining Machine dimensions (L × W × H): 2245 × 2100 × 2000 mm Cjdpfjzr I Spox Ahmjhc Weight: 3700 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,200 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, table width: 1,000 mm, table length: 3,500 mm, ZAYER bed type milling machine in good working condition. Specifications: X-axis travel: 3200mm Y-axis travel: 1200mm Z-axis travel: 1000mm Chodpew Uha Hjfx Ahmec milling head taper: ISO 50 control: Heidenhain TNC410 table size: 3500x1000mm year of manufacture: 1999

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, Technical details: x-travel: 1500 mm y-travel: 1000 mm z-travel: 1000 mm control for program: TNC 530 spindle hours: noch nicht bekannt h milling head speed: 1: 30 bis 930 und 2: 930 bis 4000 / steples U/min tool taper: horiz./vertical: SK 50 (DIN 69871/Din 69872 Form A) max. torque on the spindle: 1000 Nm spindle head swivable left - right: 90 ° feed: 1 - 6000 mm/min feed power: 30 kN kN rapid traverse: 15 m/min Number of tools: 1 St. table clamping surface LxW: 1600 x 800 mm table load: 40 kN kN voltage: 400 V / 50 HZ V total power requirement: 42 kW Weight approx.: 15,2 t compressed air: 6,3 bar dimension machine xH: 3,1 x 4,7 x 2,6 m dimensions: Kühlfilter: 1,9 x 1,6 x 1,4 mm space requirements approx. LxWxH: ca. 38,5 m² m² Applications: Milling, drilling; tapping, boring. with direct coded length measuring systems the guideways of the 3 axes are on flat guideways CTS and external cooling Cedpfeu Nc Riex Ahmjhc Milling head position controlled +/-90° milling spindle nominal drive power 22 kW with integrated hydraulic power unit up to 100bar operating pressure with coolant unit with filtration, with high pressure pump 60 bar (internal cooling), nominal delivery 20 l/min. and low pressure pump 4 bar (external cooling) as well as spray gun Hinged belt chip conveyor DGS, type SSF 600 P50 Accessories: Measuring probe SK40 Reference tool SK40 Milling head SEMPUCO *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, x-travel 4000 mm y-travel 1400 mm z-travel 1500 mm Cedpfxoy Sukbs Ahmohc Control Heidenhain type TNC 426 power capacity 30 kW transmission ratio 2 turning speeds 20-2800 U/min spindle taper ISO 50 Feed 4000 mm/min Rapid movement 10000 mm/min surface area 4200x960 mm T-slot - width 22 mm T-slot - distance 140 mm table load 8500 t total power requirement 57 KVA weight of the machine ca. 24 t dimensions of the machine ca. 9,3x4x3,7 m The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, feed rate X-axis: 25,000 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 25,000 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 25,000 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, table width: 850 mm, table length: 3,700 mm, overall weight: 18,500 kg, RepairFIT by Dornhöfer The Difference. Including installation & commissioning! Year of manufacture: 2007 Travel / Stroke Capacities: Longitudinal (X): 3,500 mm Vertical (Y): 1,250 mm Cross (Z): 1,000 mm Table dimensions: Length: 3,700 mm Width: 850 mm T-slots: 5 x 22 H12 Reference slot: 1 x 22 H8 T-slot spacing: 140 mm Paintwork: RAL 5011 (steel blue) RAL 7035 (light grey) Tool holder: ISO 50, DIN 69871 AD Pull stud: DIN 69872 Form A Main drive: Drive power: 100% duty cycle 24 kW Spindle speed range: Chjdpfx Ajxgn Efjhmjc Spindle speed: 20-3,000 rpm Torque: 479 Nm Max. feed rate: X, Y, and Z axes 25,000 mm/min Mean acceleration: 2 m/s² Weight: approx. 18,500 kg HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 HSCI Swiveling control pendant including Heidenhain iTNC 530 control (1 processor / 4 axes) with software options 1 and 2. Automatic Milling Head, Diagonal H4 Automatic indexing Soraluce “Diagonal” milling head, Type H4 / 2 planes with 2.5° x 2.5° indexing, 479 Nm, tool clamping force 18,000 N. Automatic tool changer: Automatic tool changer (random carousel) with 20 magazine positions: The automatic tool change is carried out in the vertical position of the tool spindle. Maximum tool diameter: 125 mm Maximum tool length: 250 mm Maximum tool weight: 15 kg Number of magazine positions: 20 Chip conveyor package: Three chip conveyors, two longitudinal screw conveyors and one cross hinge belt conveyor with integrated coolant tank, discharge height: 1,000 mm Coolant System 2: Coolant/lubricant system 2 with discharge via shower ring and internal coolant supply according to DIN 69871 Form AD, tank capacity 500 l + 150 l lift tank with pump, delivery rate 50 l/min, delivery pressure 5/8 bar. Increased delivery pressure of high-pressure pump from 15 bar. RepairFIT is our proven offer for a profitable entry into our product lines. The machines available in this line are sourced by us following a strict selection process and undergo a thorough inspection (deep-dive check). After intensive cleaning, all identified visible defects and faults are professionally repaired by our expert service team.

Condition: used, New 2013 Table size 1474 x 356 mm X axis 1016 mm Y Axis 596 mm Z Axis 584 mm (Head Traverse) Spindle Speeds 40 – 5000 rpm & 40ISO 7.5 hp Spindle Drive. Max Table load 850 kg Codeyhdi Ropfx Ahmshc

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: F39033, KEKEISEN Universal Bed Milling Machine UBF 2000/13, machine no. F39033; well maintained, very good condition, mechanically partly overhauled in 2025 2-axis universal head automatically swivelling, with locking in Hirth coupling Intermediate positions adjustable in 1° steps by jog mode SK50 tool holder according to DIN 69871/872 Longitudinal travel of the table (X-axis) 2000 mm Transverse travel of the headstock (Y-axis) 1000 mm Vertical travel of the headstock (Z-axis) 1300 mm Machine table size 2200 x 960 mm, with T-slots 22 mm, spacing 140 mm Rotary table rotation 360° (stepless, with clamping) Rotary table load 5000 kg Spindle power 30 kW (100%ED), max. torque 1180 Nm Spindle speed 20 - 3800 rpm (infinitely variable in 2 ranges), with oil cooling Axis speeds 4 m/min or 10 m/min rapid traverse CNC control Heidenhain TNC 426 CA with electric handwheel HR 330 Drive system make Baumüller Coolant system with inner cooling up to 16 bar. Air/water changeover Purolator double-switching filter with 200 litre collecting tank Tool changer for 30 tools Work area panelling all round, open at the top, with longitudinal chip conveyor Connection data 400 V; 50 Hz; approx. 55 kVA without installation elements (fixators), Cjdpfxjykuxhs Ahmjhc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, x-travel 2000 mm y-travel 920 mm z-travel 900 mm table surface area 2200 x 750 mm table load 3 t number of T-slots 6 Chjdpfeg E Utxsx Ahmjc T - slots - width 18 mm T - slots distance 120 mm spindle taper ISO 50 DIN 69871-B spindle speed max. 3000 U/min transmission ratio 1 speeds infinitely variable range 1 60 - 3000 U/min weight of the machine ca. 21,6 t feeds longditudinal/cross/vertical 0 - 5000 mm/min rapid traverse 15000 mm/min total power requirement 38 kw weight of the machine ca. 11 t Pull studs DIN69872-B | IKZ Hours: Control on: 43036 h Machine on: 41311 h Program run 13894 h The machine is already dismantled

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, x-travel 3000 mm y-travel 1600 mm z-travel 1500 mm table-size (2x) 2000 x 2000 mm control TNC 430 B spindle turning speed range 60 - 3600 U/min spindle taper ISO 50 feeds mm/min table load 10 t milling drive 28 kW total power requirement 48 kW weight of the machine ca. 47 t dimensions of the machine ca. 6,5 x 3 x 3 m control: Heidenhain TNC 430 B digital. Machine has 6 axes controled, X/Y/Z, C- axe table rotation and A/B axes for universal head. Machine has a 40 position ATC, cooling through spindle, a chip conveyor, an adaptable high speed spindle Csdpfezrpnrjx Ahmjhc (30.000 rpm) and two pallets in the pallet changer. Machine in program 22.347 hours.

Year of construction: 1999, condition: good (used), used moving column bed milling machine > make Kekeisen > type 1200/8 > year99 > With Heidenhain TNC 426 > > Spindle mounting SK40 > With 30-fold tool changer > Speed 20-7300 rpm > Rapid traverse 0-30 m/min > travels > X 1200 mm > Y 500 mm > Z 800 mm > Milling head automatically swivels in vertical > and horizontal position > Drive power 28 kw > Weight 12 to Chsdom Twc Topfx Ahmoc

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Zayer milling machine, model 60BM, with a table of 2030mm x 700mm, featuring a dimension display, and a motorized ram. Longitudinal travel: 1,524 mm, ram travel: 712 mm, vertical travel: 560 mm, ISO 50, speeds: 24-1685 rpm, spindle motor power: 15 hp. The machine has been inspected. Approximate machine weight: 6,500 kg, in good condition. Codpfx Ahozmp Inomshc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, functionality: unexamined, travel distance X-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 900 mm, table width: 700 mm, table length: 1,800 mm, overall weight: 10,500 kg, Anayak VH 1800 bed milling machine with 4th axis Control system: Heidenhain TNC 415 B Chjdpfxeypxtao Ahmsc 4th axis as a rotary table, table diameter approx. 530 mm Tool holder: SK 50 Machine is operational; a test run is possible. However, it is sold without any warranty. Sale by offer/bid. Machine is still connected to power. Overhead crane available for loading.

Year of construction: 1990, condition: excellent (used), machine/vehicle number: VH-7360, a used, well-maintained CNC bed milling machine with Heidenhain control, HURON head, hydraulic tool clamping system, coolant system, central lubrication, lighting, and a new TFT monitor. Travel range X/Y/Z: 1600/800/650 mm Spindle taper: SK 50 Spindle speed: 60-1800 rpm Working feed rate: 10-3000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 10 m/min Table clamping area: 1800x610 mm Chjdpfxedzy Uyo Ahmoc Machine weight: 9500 kg Table load capacity: 3000 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2006, Year 2006 Excellent condition Welcome to view prior to prior X-Axis- 450 mm Y-Axis - 300 mm Z-Axis - 350 mm Table Length - 800 mm Table Width - 400 mm Table load - 400 Chodewwk Tvepfx Ahmjc Spindle speeds - 2500 Rpm Feed rate X-Axis - 0-4000 mm/min. Feed rate Y-Axis - 0-4000 mm/min. Feed rate Z-Axis - 0-4000 mm/min. Feeds all 3 directions Heidenhain digital read out Motorised ram adjustment Milling and drilling pinole Removable housing

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, x-travel 2500 mm y-travel 1200 mm z-travel 1000 mm turning speeds 20-1600 U/min spindle taper ISO SK50 Table dimensions 2700x1000 mm control Heidenhain TNC 426 milling head -swivable ° Spindle capacity 20 Kw Tool changer 36 Pos. weight of the machine ca. 18 t The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. Cjdpfx Asyqv Taohmehc We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,200 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 25 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 25 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 25 m/min, feed rate X-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 10 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, table width: 850 mm, table load: 5,000 kg, table length: 2,700 mm, overall weight: 15,500 kg, year of last overhaul: 2024, RefurbishmentPLUS by Dornhöfer The difference. Including installation and commissioning! MAIN TECHNICAL DATA Year of manufacture: 2007 Capacities / Travel: Longitudinal (X): 2,500 mm Vertical (Y): 1,250 mm Cross (Z): 1,200 mm Table size: Length: 2,700 mm Width: 850 mm Number of T-slots on the table surface: 6 T-slot width: 22H12 mm Reference slot: 22H8 mm Distance between slots: 140 mm Max. table load: 5 t/m² Paint finish: RAL 5011 (steel blue) and RAL 7035 (light gray) Csdjun Nnqspfx Ahmehc Tool holder: ISO 50, DIN 69871 AD Pull stud: DIN 69872 form A Main drive: Drive power: 100% duty cycle KW24 Spindle speed range: Spindle speed: 20-4,000 rpm Torque: 479 Nm Feed rates: X, Y, and Z axes mm/min 10-10,000 Max. rapid traverse speed: X, Y, and Z axes mm/min 25,000 Weight: approx. 15,500 kg BASIC MACHINE EQUIPMENT: Heidenhain iTNC 530 HSCI Automatic milling head, diagonal H200 Chip conveyor Coolant system STANDARD EQUIPMENT: - Portable electronic handwheel HR 510 with 3m spiral cable - Hydraulic counterbalance acting directly on the vertical slide - 3D thermal expansion compensation for Heidenhain CNC contouring controls - Complete splash guard enclosure consisting of two front doors and one rear door for operating the machine from the front and rear. All doors are equipped with viewing windows. - Heidenhain AC drive motors in all axes with diagonal drive technology - INA RUE 45 linear guideway system in all axes with central lubrication - Ball screws (IT5) in all axes - Heidenhain direct linear measuring system in all axes - Telescopic covers for the X-axis guideways - Automatic cyclic lubrication for all axes and motion components - Work area lighting Refurbishment+ – what does that mean? The RefurbishmentPLUS line offers you a machine that has been uncompromisingly restored to its original technical and visual condition. All assemblies have been completely disassembled, repainted, and rebuilt with new, original spare parts. Cables, hydraulics, guides, spindles, rolling bearings – everything new!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1986, x-travel 3300 mm y-travel 2200 mm z-travel 1300 mm w-axis 350 mm workpiece height 1700 mm milling spindle diameter 140 mm diameter of quill 230 mm milling head speed 40-2000 U/min transmission ratio 4 table surface area 4260x2000 mm T-slot - distance 175 mm T-slot - width 28 mm number of T-slots 11 workpiece weight 300000 kg milling spindle motor 30 kW Feed 5-3000 mm/min control Fidia weight of the machine ca. 80 t Machine has been overhauled The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More Chedpfxeyqt T Rs Ahmsc than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, overall weight: 320 kg, total length: 1,200 mm, total width: 800 mm, total height: 700 mm, CNC Bed-Type Milling Machine Correa Anayak - HVM BIRA Spindle ISO 50 (DIN-69871-B) Pull studs DIN-69872-B Clamping force 1900 daN Automatic B Axis 1.0 Degrees Automatic C Axis 2.5 Degrees Power 60/100 % 22/30 kW Speeds 60 - 3000 2 Speed Range Automatic lubrication (Air-Oil) Gear; ZykloPalloid, Klingelnberg-System, HPG-5 Qulaity-6 with DIN3965 Chsdpfx Ajzcpg Djhmjc Length:1200mm Width:800mm Height:700mm Weight:320kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2008, travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,700 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (min.): 6,000 rpm, table width: 1,100 mm, table length: 4,200 mm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, Heidenhain iTNC 530 control Tool changer for 60 tools Automatic universal head, 0.02 degree in both axes Chedpfow Ngd Tex Ahmsc Machine will be refurbished in 2025

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, INTOS Žebrák FN 20 Universal milling machine + accessories Manufacturer: INTOS Žebrák Type: FN 20 Cjdpfxjzgu T As Ahmohc Condition: used Year of construction: 2003 Weight of the machine: 910 kg Dimension: - Length mm: 1690 - Width mm: 1270 - Height mm: 1175 Clamping surface of the vertical table: 216 x 680 Clamping surface of the angled table: 240 x 600 Width and distance of the T-slots mm: 12H8 x 45 0.1 Spindle diameter in the front bearing mm: 45 Spindle taper: ISO 40 Spindle speed: 18 RPM range: 50 - 2000 Feed rates : 18 Range mm: 8 - 400 Rapid feed mm/min: 1340 Movement of the headstock: - manually: 200 - independently: 190 Achieved by adjusting the holder Design mm: 42 Longitudinal table movement: - manually mm: 300 - independently mm: 290 Vertical movement of the table: - manually mm: 350 - independently mm: 340 Scope of delivery: - INTOS Žebrák FN 20 universal milling machine - accessories - operating instructions

Year of construction: 1997, condition: used, Technical data Spindle mount: ISO 50 DIN 69871 Longitudinal travel: 3000 mm Slide travel: 1000 mm Cross travel: 1000 mm Vertical travel: 1500 mm Table dimensions: 3500x920 mm Spindle speed: 4000 rpm Spindle power: 27.5 kW Chedpfx Aeg Amzkohmsc Data subject to verification / Data must be verified. Standard equipment: CNC: SELCA 3045 Automatic bi-rotary head (A-axis 1° - B-axis 1°) Horizontal and vertical tool changer, 30 positions Chip conveyor

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1970, x-travel 3000 mm y-travel 1350 mm Chedpfx Ahsyqu Rqjmoc z-travel 1400 mm spindle taper ISO 50 turning speeds 22-1400 U/min Rotary table 800x600 mm Table dimensions 2500x1200 mm Feed 5-3000 mm/min ball screw The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, travel distance X-axis: 3,708 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,208 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,002 mm, feed length X-axis: 5,000 mm, feed length Y-axis: 5,000 mm, feed length Z-axis: 5,000 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 15 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 15 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 15 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 35 rpm, CNC Bed-Type Milling Machine – Universal ZAYER 20 KF 4000 Year of manufacture: 1997 CNC control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426/430 Technical specifications: X travel: 3708 mm Y travel: 1208 mm Z travel: 1002 mm Table size: 4000 x 1000 mm Tool holder: SK 50 Spindle speeds: 35–3000 rpm Spindle motor: 22 kW Feed range: 6–5000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 15 m/min Machine weight: approx. 19.5 t Cjdowtpfpopfx Ahmjhc ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Electronic handwheel Automatically swivelling milling head vertical/horizontal +/-120° (stepless) Milling head automatically swivelling in the rear axis / 90° rotation Coolant system The machine can be inspected under power. Delivery time: immediately Sale from location Westerkappeln Dismantling, loading available on request.