Used Bruderer High Speed Automatic Press for sale (62,928)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, operating hours: 42,000 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 10317, The BSTA 50UL is a Bruderer high-speed precision stamping press rated at 500 kN (50 tons) nominal force, engineered for continuous progressive-die production at variable stroke rates from 100 to 1,120 strokes per minute. The press is equipped with a Bruderer BBV 202/120 strip feeder, delivering strip widths up to 203 mm and handling material thicknesses up to 2 mm. Adjustable stroke is set between 16 and 51 mm, with strip inlet height adjustable across a 50–140 mm range to accommodate varying tooling and material profiles. Nominal force: 500 kN (50 tons) Tool monitoring: Unidor Stroke rate: 100–1120 strokes per minute (variable) Strip feeder: Bruderer BBV 202/120 Adjustable stroke: 16–51 mm Mounting space / clamping plate: 760–940 mm Main drive: 22 kW Kjdpfjzibrqsx Ai Rjdr Power supply: 400 V / 50 Hz Table area: 940 x 580 mm Strip inlet height (adjustable): 50–140 mm Max. strip width: 203 mm Max. material thickness: 2 mm Machine dimensions: 3100 x 2700 x 1800 mm Weight: approx. 8,150 kg Operating hours: 42,416 h Sound-insulating cabin available on request More machines from brands Bruderer, Bihler, Soprem, Noxon, Huras, Schaal and Mabu on stock available on reqest

Year of construction: 1986, condition: ready for operation (used), BSTA 60 HL, with BBV 202/120 CE possible Contact us! Kjdpfxoizkmtj Ai Rsdr

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, machine/vehicle number: 131 542, Press capacity: 40 ton Ram stroke adjustable: 8 - 50 mm Slide adjustment: 50 mm Shut height (stroke down, adjustment up): 290 mm Free frontal opening L-R: 600 mm Free lateral opening F-B: 190 mm Table surface area : 600 x 500 mm Slide area: 600 x 400 mm Hole in table: 500 x 110 mm Kedpfx Aisuqc Ezo Rsdr Number of strokes: 65 - 400 s.p.m. Table height over floor: 1100 mm Required power: 32 kW Height over floor approx.: 2.800 mm Weight of machine approx.: 6,2 ton Extended machine accessories 2002 a roll feeder was installed Modell MWVL-200, YOM 2002

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, Cameras for Premier Tech – suitable for high-speed compression balers. Used very little, practically new. Kdedpfxszckp Hj Ai Rjr Can be used for bags measuring 465x365x1320 mm.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1991, operating hours: 49,637 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 9666, ram adjustment: 64 mm, conveyor belt width: 203 mm, pressing force: 50 t, control cabinet length: 940 mm, control cabinet width: 760 mm, stroke length: 1,651 mm, input voltage: 380 V, overall weight: 9,000 kg, control voltage: 24 V, sheet thickness steel (max.): 4 mm, input frequency: 50 Hz, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 4 mm, Technical Data Manufacturer: BRUDERER AG Model: BSTA 50 EL CNC Machine Type: CNC High-Performance Punching Machine Kdodpfx Ajzuur Uoi Ror Year of Construction: 1991 Machine Number: 9666 Press Force: 500 kN (50 t) Connected Load: 40 kW Main Motor Power: 25 kW Supply Voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz Control Voltage: 24 V DC Compressed Air Connection: 6–10 bar Operating Hours: approx. 49,637 h Adjustable Stroke: 16–51 mm Mounting Space/Clamping Plate: 760 x 940 mm Main Drive: 22 kW Power Supply: 400 V / 50 Hz Table Area: 940 x 580 mm Strip Feed Height (adjustable): 50–140 mm Max. Strip Width: 203 mm Max. Material Thickness: 4 mm Dimensions of machine with BBV 202: 2390 x 1270 x 3090 mm Machine Weight: approx. 9000 kg Configuration 2 x BRUDERER BBV 202/120 DOUBLE strip feeder KOHLER leveling machine 100.180/2.500.2M, year of construction 1992 Unwinding reel / coil reel Soundproof cabin Conveyor belt for part removal Lifting and sorting device for containers Roller conveyors and stacking racks Technical documentation available Description Complete BRUDERER high-performance punching line consisting of a precision punching machine BSTA 50 EL, BRUDERER strip feeder BBV 202/120, KOHLER leveling machine, unwinding reel, soundproof cabin, and discharge and conveying equipment. The system is designed for the efficient processing of strip material in high-speed punching operations. Extensive technical documentation is available.

Condition: new, The Matrix Fast 500 is the latest in the Stromab range of automatic crosscutting machines, with a high speed upstroke saw action which depending on cutting paterns can give up to 40% more production than the standard machine. The machine is primarily designed for programmable and repetitive cutting from standard and / or random lengths of timber. The new high speed pneumatic saw unit with variable speed control, can also be set to limit the saw stroke when cutting smaller boards, helping to increase production even further. The pusher is fitted with a heavy duty rack and pinion drive feeding system, for fast and accurate positioning giving a high level of repeat cutting accuracy, the pusher is raised with a pneumatic cylinder forits return to its loading position, allowing the operator to prepare the next pack of timber on the table without having to wait for the pusher to return to its idle position. The infeed and outfeed tables are of all steel construction meaning even heavy sections or packs of timber can be processed. The saw unit and clamping area is totally enclosed by a clear hinged electrically interlocked hood that while allowing the operator a clear view of the cutting area still gives complete protection. additional safety features include full length guarding of the rear of the pusher system, whilst there is a safety pull cord running along the length of the front infeed table. Kjdpfsb Tmwaex Ai Redr Programming and entering of cutting lists is simple with the on board Top 12 control unit. With a 12" colour touch screen display, offering a modern, robust and reliable control system with many innovative features and is ideally suited for a factory or workshop environment. As standard the machine now offers USB, ethernet and 3 levels of optimisation including "board sequence" ideal for repetitive cutting. The Matrix OPTI version offers an additional 3 optimisation criterias including "minimum waste" and automatic board length measuring suitable for random length boards. The Matrix DEFECT version offers all optimisation criterias, length measuring, a defect removal camera and timber grading. Additional options also include extended outfeed table, pneumatic side roller pressure, label and inkjet printing. To date we have supplied over 250 Matrix saws in to the UK, with a number of customers installing several machines. Specification Self braking motor 10hp Saw blade diameter 500mm Max cutting width 390mm ( refer to chart ) Max cutting height 150mm ( refer to chart ) Pusher unit 3000 to 15000mm Precision rack and pinion drive giving a high level of repeat cutting accuracy. Pneumatic rising of the pusher at the end of cutting cycle Positioning speed 100m/min Positioning accuracy + /- 0.2mm Elco TOP 12 control unit Touch screen with 12" colour display 1m outfeed table Dust outlets 2 x 100mm diameter

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, HIRON FZ 18 S MAGNUM HIGH SPEED – 1998 – after a major factory overhaul by CHIRON For sale: a vertical CNC machining center, CHIRON FZ 18 S MAGNUM High Speed, manufactured in 1998. The machine is equipped with a Siemens SINUMERIK control system, an automatic tool changer, and a high-speed spindle designed for efficient and precise machining. It also features an oil mist extraction system with a filter, plus air conditioning for the control system. The most important advantage of the offered machine is the major inspection and overhaul carried out by CHIRON in 2020. As part of the work, key machine components were replaced, including: spindle, control computer, pumps, systems, and other components included in the modernization program. Complete service documentation is available, confirming the scope of the overhaul. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: CHIRON Model: FZ 18 S MAGNUM High Speed Year of manufacture: 1998 Control system: Siemens SINUMERIK Kdjdpfx Aszdklpji Rer Machine number: 493-01 Weight: approx. 7,990 kg Power supply: 400 V Connected power: 27 kVA Automatic tool changer Vertical CNC machining center The machine is complete and ready for further operation. Thanks to the major overhaul performed by the manufacturer, it represents an attractive alternative to much more expensive, newer machining centers. Complete CHIRON overhaul documentation from 2020 is available. Inspection and verification of the machine's condition on-site are possible.

Year of construction: 2008, condition: good (used), Item: M-07196-Ishida Tray Sealer Ishida - Automatic High Speed Tray Sealer Serie QX-775 R Year of production 2008 Specification: Machine model QX775, Tray Sealer Suitable for 5 impression tool 40 mm gate Options vac gas/gas flushing Electrical requirements: 3 phase 415 V, 4500 VA Pneumatic Supply: 8 bar, 650 nominal l/min Weight: 830 kg Kdodpfx Aioh Dbwis Rjr Incl. Tray dispenser & tool trolley

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, travel distance X-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, controller model: TNC 640, total height: 2,450 mm, table width: 500 mm, table length: 650 mm, table load: 500 kg, overall weight: 8,200 kg, spindle speed (max.): 42,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, swivel angle B-axis (min.): -119 °, swivel angle B-axis (max.): 60 °, swivel angle C-axis (max.): 40 °, number of axes: 5, This 5-axis INGERSOLL High Speed Eagle V5 was manufactured in 2018. It features a Heidenhain TNC 530 control, a 15 kW spindle, and 100 tool slots. With travel dimensions of X: 550mm, Y: 850mm, and Z: 450mm, this vertical machining centre represents a robust opportunity for precision machining. Only machine is included. Yaskawa robot and other parts of the automation shown in the video not scope of supply. Contact us for further details regarding this vertical machining centre. Additional equipment • Tool Magazine Capacity: 100 positions Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits Kdedpfxezvv Efo Ai Ror • Table dimensions: 650 x 500 mm Dimensions Machine Depth 2020 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1981, machine/vehicle number: 104680, Press capacity: 45 ton Ram stroke adjustable: 10 - 40 mm Slide adjustment: 50 mm Shut height (stroke down, adjustment up): 220 - 300 mm Free frontal opening L-R: 560 mm Table surface area : 550 x 450 mm Kdedpfsuqcwdjx Ai Rer Slide area: 550 x 360 mm Hole in table: 450 x 100 mm Number of strokes: 100 - 500 s.p.m. Required power: 7,5 kW Weight of machine approx.: 6,2 ton

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, overall weight: 10,000 kg, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, feed length X-axis: 120 mm, feed length Y-axis: 200 mm, feed length Z-axis: 170 mm, GB-A1500 Fully automatic high-speed bending center Bending length (mm): 1500 Bending height (mm): 4side160 4side170/2side350 4side350 Minimum molding size: (Fold 4 sides) (mm) 4 sides 160: 350*250 4 sides 170/2 sides 350: 350*250 4 sides 350: 350*250 Maximum bending size (mm) 1500*1500 X-axis travel: 120 Y axis travel: 4 sides 160: 200 4 sides 170/2 sides 350 305 4 sides 350: 305 Z-axis travel: Ksdpfx Ajv Ikvgji Rodr 4 sides 160: 170 4 sides 170/2 sides 350: 357 4 sides 350: 357 Pressing knife height: 4 sides 160: 177 4 sides 170/2 sides 350: 177 4 sides 350: 357 Number of axes: suction cup: 11 Pressure arm: 14 Machine power (KW) suction cup: 34.7 Pressure arm: 36.35 Maximum bending thickness of aluminum plate (mm): 3 Maximum bending thickness of iron plate (mm): 2 Maximum bending thickness of stainless steel (mm): 1.5 Maximum bending speed (s/knife) : 0.2 Overall dimensions (mm) long (front) 4 sides 160: 1890 2-4 sides 350 suction cups: 1890 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 1890 Width (side) 4 sides 160： 3300 2-4 sides 350 suction cups：3536 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 4127 4 sides 160: 2666 2-4 sides 350 suction cups: 2946 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 2946 Weight (approx. kg) 4 sides: 160 2-4 sides 350 suction cups: 10000 2-4 sides 350 pressure arm: 10000 1) Machine frame is heaviest welded con struction,stess released by annealing process,this has minimized deflection of the frame. 2) Y Axis full closed loop control 3) Proportional hydraulic compensation system to prevent deformation 4) German HEIDENHAIN linear encoder 5) Taiwan HIWIN ball screw and linear guide rail ,high performance AC Japanese Yaskawa AC servo motors and drives 6) Rich functions CYBELEC/DELEM professional control system 7) Electro-hydraulic servo synchronization module and Greman BOSCH pressure module 8) +/-0.01mm repeat accuracies 9) +/-0.01mm parallelism accuracies

Year of construction: 1985, condition: like new (used), Wanzke hydraulic high speed press SP/F12 double column press. -WKG 499- Offered here is a hydraulic high-speed press from the company Wanzke. This press is in mint condition! There are 2 presses on one stand. Technical data: Manufacturer: Wanzke Type: SP/F 12 Pressing force: 120 KN Retracting force: 17,8 overrun time: 0,028 sec year of construction: 1985 Kdjdpfx Ajhgiwnsi Ror Main drive: 1,5kW / 1,5kW Mains voltage: 380V 50Hz Control voltage: 220V 50Hz Overtravel: 2,8mm safety distance: 4mm Strokes/min: Working stroke: 10mm/sec. rapid traverse: 20mm/sec Max.stroke: 100mm Table area: 320 x 300 x 280mm Accessories: Double decoiler type GMD1 Digital function control "Tronic press" with full upgradeability to CNC control. There are 2 pieces in total!

Year of construction: 1985, condition: like new (used), Wanzke hydraulic high speed press SP/F12 -WKG 499- Offered here is a hydraulic high-speed press from the company Wanzke. This press is in mint condition! Technical data: Manufacturer: Wanzke Type: SP/F 12 pressing force: 120 KN retraction force: 17,8 overrun time: 0,028 sec year of construction: 1985 Main drive: 1,5kW / 1,5kW Kdedpfxohgiyij Ai Ror Mains voltage: 380V 50Hz Control voltage: 220V 50Hz Overtravel: 2,8mm safety distance: 4mm Accessories: decoiler GM1

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, machine/vehicle number: 105981, Press capacity: 45 ton Kodpfx Aisuqc Ngs Redr Ram stroke adjustable: 20 - 80 mm Slide adjustment: 50 mm Shut height (stroke down, adjustment up): 300 mm Free frontal opening L-R: 710 mm Table surface area : 700 x 450 mm Slide area: 700 x 360 mm Hole in table: 600 x 100 mm Number of strokes: 80 - 400 s.p.m. Required power: 10 kW Height over floor approx.: 2900 mm Weight of machine approx.: 7,2 ton Control: Siemens S7 Standard configuration With gripper feedMachine was completely overhauled in 2001 with SIEMENS S7 control.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, pressure 250 t stroke 37 mm Kdsdpfx Asuap T Nji Rsr no. of strokes 30-240 Hub/min ram adjustment 150 mm table surface area 1200x1000 mm hole in the table 500x180 mm tool hole in ram Ø52 mm total power requirement 50 kW weight of the machine ca. 35 t dimensions of the machine ca. LxBxH 3700x2300x3900 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: A2536805, pressing force: 40 t, pressure:40 t stroke:250 mm return capacity:6,3 t motor:5,5 kw Max Working height:450 mm Kdsdpfx Aefxyhfsi Ror :90 mm/sec. :10 mm/sec. spindle stroke:250 mm pestle plate:500 x 200 mm table plate:600 x 650 mit T-Nuten mm Table cut-out:200 x 170 mm table height:850 mm :200 l

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1985, machine/vehicle number: 131 153, Press capacity: 40 ton Ram stroke adjustable: 8 - 50 mm Slide adjustment: 50 mm Shut height (stroke down, adjustment up): 310 mm Free frontal opening L-R: 820 mm Table surface area : 810 x 450 mm Slide area: 720 x 350 mm Hole in table: 600 x 110 mm Kdsdpfx Aieuqc Ago Rer Number of strokes: 100 - 1.000 s.p.m. Table height over floor: 1.030 mm Required power: 19,5 kW Weight of machine approx.: 6,8 ton Extended machine accessories

Year of construction: 1993, condition: used, pressure 63 t stroke 10-80 mm no. of strokes 65-400 Hub/min ram - range of adjustment 80 mm table surface area 1030x550 mm ram surface 920x450 mm hole in the table 700x200 mm 420 mm Kedpfx Aielp U E Rj Rjdr weight of the machine ca. 10 t

Year of construction: 2008, condition: used, pressure 315 t stroke 40-200 mm no. of strokes 20-100 Hub/min ram - range of adjustment 120 mm ram surface 2000x1100 mm table surface area 2000x1200 mm hole in the table 1700x250 mm 500 mm column travel -side 820x650 mm total power requirement 45 kW Ksdpferdi Dlex Ai Rodr weight of the machine ca. 44 t

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, ## Description The KMK AEM-1080Q is a fully automatic, high-performance die-cutting machine with a stripping station, specifically designed for the precise processing of cardboard, solid board, and corrugated board. It is ideally suited for the production of high-quality packaging with exact die-cut contours and clean removal of the die-cut waste. Thanks to its robust construction, high die-cutting force, and modern automation, the KMK AEM-1080Q offers maximum productivity while maintaining the highest precision. It is the perfect solution for packaging manufacturers who rely on speed, reliability, and first-class quality. ### Highlights * Fully automatic die-cutting machine with integrated stripping station * Die-cutting force up to 350 tons * High production speed of up to 6,500 sheets per hour * Precise die-cutting accuracy of ±0.1 mm * Suitable for cardboard, solid board, and corrugated board * Automatic feeder and delivery system * High production reliability and ease of operation * Robust industrial design for continuous operation * Short setup times and high cost-effectiveness ### Applications The machine is ideally suited for the production of: * Folding cartons * Food packaging * Cosmetic packaging * Pharmaceutical packaging * Shipping packaging * Displays * Packaging made of cardboard and corrugated board * Labels and special packaging ### Technical Data * Maximum paper format: 780 × 1,080 mm * Minimum paper format: 360 × 400 mm * Maximum die-cutting format: 770 × 1,075 mm * Internal dimensions of the die: 790 × 1,100 mm * Die plate format: 780 × 1,080 mm * Minimum gripper margin: 8 mm * Die-cutting accuracy: ±0.1 mm * Maximum die-cutting force: 350 t * Production speed: up to 6,500 sheets/hour * Feeder stack height: 1,550 mm * Delivery stack height: 1,400 mm * Material thickness, cardboard: 0.1 – 2.0 mm * Corrugated board: up to 4 mm * Main motor: 11 kW * Total power: 17.8 kW * Machine weight: approx. 17,600 kg * Machine dimensions (L × W × H): 5,880 × 2,100 × 2,350 mm (plus pre-feeder and operator platform) ### Standard Equipment * Automatic high-stack feeder * Precise die-cutting system * Integrated stripping station * Automatic delivery system * Robust die plate * User-friendly machine control * High-quality safety and monitoring systems ### Included in the Scope of Delivery Kodszg E Siopfx Ai Redr ✅ New machine directly from the manufacturer ✅ 2-year warranty ✅ Professional installation and complete assembly by experienced KMK technicians ✅ Machine commissioning on site ✅ Free instruction and training for your operating personnel ✅ Comprehensive after-sales service and technical support, even after installation ### Delivery Time Approx. 6–8 weeks after order receipt ### Machine Type Fully automatic die-cutting machine with integrated stripping station KMK AEM-1080Q

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, power: 37 kW (50.31 HP), pressing force: 300 t, stroke length: 30 mm, AIDA HMX-300 Kjdpfx Aozrkiwsi Rjdr High-Speed Press Slide Stroke: 30mm SPM: 100~300 Die Height: 420mm Slide Adjustment: 60mm Slide Area: 2000 x 750mm Bolster Area: 2000 x 1000mm Main Motor: 37kW [Feeder Spec] Manufacturer: AIDA (Original) Type: Roll Feeder Model Number: RCF-35F Feed Length: 36~350 Height of Feeding Line: 190~220 Material Thickness: 0.5~0.6mm Material Width: 50~350mm Including S-LOOP and Uncoiler

Year of construction: 1976, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: H 76-467, Pressing force: 160 kN Ram stroke: 100 mm Installation height: 350 mm Hole in the table: 100 mm Ram bore: 32 mm Stand passage: 650 mm Table size: 630 x 400 mm Hydraulic pressure: 280 bar Kjdpfoflrhzox Ai Rodr electr. Connection: 380 V, 5.5 kW Space requirement: 1550 x 1050 x 2400 mm Weight approx .: 1,2 t

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, Fully automatic high-performance die cutter Renz Kugler 341-2R for calendars and ring binders 3 tools Conveniently operated by a single person, Kugler punching machines are suitable for use in even the tightest spaces. Equipped with a non-stop feeder and gentle top-fed material intake. Capable of trouble-free processing of mixed materials (e.g., cardboard and plastic). Precise alignment before the punching process ensures maximum accuracy. Ideal for perforating ring binder inserts, cardboard and plastic calendar/index sheets, paper for wire-bound products, and much more. Tool changes only require a few simple steps. After punching, a turning wheel maintains the correct sequence for printed and numbered products, transporting them to the delivery station. Precise and simple register adjustment. Performance features - Minimal maintenance required - Highly efficient - User-friendly operation - Fastest changeover between formats Technical data - Working width: 500 mm Kodpoxduclefx Ai Rodr - Maximum punched page format: 500 mm - Maximum unpunched page format: 500 mm - Maximum punching thickness: 3 mm per layer - Punching speed: 110 cycles/min - Paper feeding: automatic, non-stop paternoster feeder - Paper delivery: automatic, box delivery with jogger - Paper grammage: min. 60 g/m², max. 2 mm (subject to gram/quality restrictions) - Register punching: yes (not included) - Interchangeable tooling - Tool changes require only a few manual operations - Quick format change, manual setting wheels - Adjustable edge distance - Punching unit can be selectively deactivated - Space required: 3.30 x 1.50 m - Net weight: 1,580 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, pressure 250 t distance between columns 1650 / 1400 mm stroke fix 150 mm no. of strokes 30 - 75 Hub/min dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 665 mm column travel -side 550 mm Kedpfozrpq Tjx Ai Rodr table surface area 1600 x 900 mm hole in the table 1000 x 300 mm table height over floor 980 mm ram surface 1400 x 900 mm power requirement 42,0 kW weight of the machine ca. 33,00 t required space 2,8 x 2,5 x 4,4 m with infinitely variable drive, pneumatic clutch/brake combination (Ortlinghaus), hydraulic overload protection in ram, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, FIX stroke, motoric ram adjustment, motoric centralized lubrication, Werkzeugwechselsystem elektronischem Walzenvorschub (Normatic, AESL 500-2,8) electronic roll feed (Normatic, AESL 500-2,8) with motor (Indramat), motorised adjustable material guide, motorised height adjustment tool changing system distance table - ram without tool changing system approx. 765 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, pressure 0630 t stroke 300 mm no. of strokes 10- 75 Hub/min table-size 3600 x 2200 mm passage width 4000 mm ram surface 3600 x 2200 mm column travel -side 2000 mm ram adjustment 150 mm shut height (stroke down, adjustm. up) 1000 mm voltage 400 V height over floor 7600 mm Depth of Press under floor 2500 mm total power requirement 160 kW weight of the machine ca. 225 t dimensions of the machine ca. 750 m² Complete feeding line comes with the machine. It works on a material width of 300- 1600 mm and a thickness of 0,5- 3 mm. Machine has two working tables which move in and out to the front. To the side machine has a stacking device with two pallets. It also has two stacking pallets to the backside. Machine has a Kodpfxswx R Rdj Ai Rsdr Coil charging device of 3 Coils with 25 t, a decoiler Schnutz, a material feeder, a straightening machine and a roll feeder.