Used Alphatec Compounding Line / Twin-Screw Extruder for sale (17,140)

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Offered for sale is a semi-moist pet treat production equipment set based on a twin-screw extruder, designed for continuous forming, portioning, and cooling of semi-moist products. The line has been dismantled and is ready for shipment. It was purchased from a supplier and not used in production, but the configuration is equivalent to machinery currently operating in active plants for semi-moist pet treat manufacturing. Iodpfoycfw Ejx Acpobc This system addresses the key process steps that define semi-moist product quality and handling: stable solids dosing into the extruder, controlled shaping and cutting, as well as staged cooling to stabilize texture and reduce sticking or deformation before packaging or further processing. The extruder is of twin-screw design and has achieved production capacities of up to 150 kg/h, depending on recipe and configuration. Product shaping is highly flexible and can be adapted to a variety of product formats; it is suitable for dental sticks, hearts, bones, sticks, strips, and other geometries depending on the die/forming set and cutter configuration. The configuration line has been used for high meat meal or grain-free semi-moist treats as well as vegetarian-type items; final product characteristics depend on recipe, moisture targets, and process parameters. Dry base components are supplied using a volumetric or mass-based dosing feeder, feeding directly into the extruder. This enables steady extrusion and consistent shaping. Downstream portioning is performed with a rotary knife cutter fitted with specialized inserts for clean cutting of semi-moist products. Cut length can start from approx. 5 mm and can be adjusted as required; achievable range depends on settings and the cutter head. The cutter head concept is flexible and can be adapted or redesigned depending on desired final product and surface finish for different shapes and recipes. After forming and cutting, product is conveyed through an initial cooling section with a fan, followed by a conveyor cooler for further stabilization. Cooling is based on ambient forced air, with cooling performance managed by conveyor speed (residence time) and airflow. This two-stage cooling process is optimal for semi-moist products, helping to prevent clumping, deformation, or marking during handling and transport. A notable feature of this line is the mixing head at the extruder outlet, which supports improved mixing and temperature control and enables production of two-color treats (application dependent). The sale also includes the liquid handling package used in semi-moist processing—stainless steel pumps and tanks for water, fats/oils, glycerol, and other typical process fluids. All liquid handling components are stainless steel, meeting hygienic production standards.

Condition: used, The Braibanti/Pavan extruder is designed for the continuous production of short-cut pasta, breakfast cereals, and pet food. The prepared dough is conveyed through a temperature- and moisture-controlled screw extruder toward the die, which ultimately defines the shape of the product. Extrusion takes place under controlled pressure and temperature to ensure consistency and structural integrity. At the end of the extruder, a motorized, speed-controlled rotating knife cuts the extruded product to the desired length. Prior to extrusion, the dough undergoes a structured preparation process. It begins with a two-step mixing system that combines dry and wet ingredients into a homogeneous mass. This system uses a single mixing arm with directionally adjustable paddles to ensure proper pre-conditioning and hydration. The final stage of preparation takes place in a high-performance mixer/kneader unit, which further develops the dough structure to achieve optimal plasticity, consistency, and elasticity-critical parameters for stable and high-quality extrusion performance. Continuous mixer - preconditioner PR220 (2-line version) ± 100 L / screw Single mixing shaft with adjustable paddles, dual execution Motor 2 x 18,5 Kw - 978 rpm Liquid and dry ingredient supply Inspection and cleaning hatch Mixer VM210 Ibjdezzavfjpfx Acpec ± 150L Single mixing shaft execution with adjustable paddles Motor 1.5 KW - 1461/64 rpm Extruder BR220 Dual execution, 2 extrusion heads Motor 2 x 37Kw - 1482 rpm Gearbox Sumitomo Cyclo Double-walled extruder housing, suitable for cooling Production capacity (Pet food) calculated at 30-40 kg/min (depending on the product) Operating pressure ± 30-40 bar depending on the die Powered cutting head/chopping knife (motor 1.1 Kw -920 rpm) Dimensions (L x W x H): 5.000 x 2.200 x 2.400 mm Possibility to run 2 separate products, 2 extrusion lines on 1 frame. without electric cabinet and controls

Year of construction: 1999, operating hours: 47,973 h, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 20472666, Complete compounding and granulation system based on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, Krupp Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 50, manufactured in 1999. The system is suitable for compounding, processing, and regranulating thermoplastic materials. Ibedpfx Aszn Um Ejcpec Previous process: ABS recycling The system consists of: Twin-screw extruder ZSK 50 Mc 900 with a process length of 36 L/D Drive power: 181 kW Screw speed: up to 1200 rpm including water ring vacuum pump and water cooling including Autotherm temperature control unit including strand die head Multi-component dosing and material feeding system from Colortronic - Graviblend (manufactured in 1999), gravimetric, with 5 gravimetric feeders, including vacuum material conveying with Busch vacuum pump, type RC 0160, suction via suction lances Downstream: Ettlinger melt filter, type ERF 200 with 1250 cm² filter area for up to 900 kg/h Water bath, 4.0 m, including heat exchanger Granulate air blower Scheer strand granulator SGS 200-E5, manufactured in 2011 Classification vibration screen Cooling screw conveyor Control cabinets included. The system is currently still assembled and can be inspected under power until the end of September.

Year of construction: 2016, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Category: Twin-screw extruder Number: DE27621 Iedpfxoiux Nme Acpjbc Manufacturer: KraussMaffei Berstorff Type: ZE 110 R x 28D UTmi Year: 2016, like new, less than 100 operating hours Screw diameter: 2x Ø 127.0 mm L/D: 28:1 (extension of the processing unit possible) Drive/Motor: 250.0 kW (AC) – water-cooled Details: Co-rotating, screw speed: max. 300 rpm, degassing, 2x Busch vacuum pumps MM 1202 A VA3, segmented screws and cylinders, 1 x side feeder Berstorff ZSFE 120 – Control: Siemens S7 with screen control Does this offer not meet your requirements? Please visit our Plama website or send us your detailed request; we have a suitable option for almost every budget.

Year of construction: 1998, condition: excellent (used), Material: PE, PP, PS, ABS + filler materials // further details: co-rotating, degassing with SIHI vacuum pump, segmented screws and cylinder – Control: Siemens S7 with visualisation Ibedpfx Aceiw Ibhspec

Condition: reconditioned (used), machine/vehicle number: 2586k, No.: 2586k 1 used, functionally tested and operating compounding-pelletizing line, equipped with : Extruder twin-screw COMAC Type EBC 68 with Motor 110 kW-DC screws 2x Ø 68 mm – 40 L/D co-rotating intermeshing Segmented screws & cylinders, Water / Medium cooled 1x venting port Ibjdpjd H S U Uofx Acpec 1x side feeder screws 2x Ø 52 mm Melt-filter 2 piston Type K-SWE 160 incl. Hydraulic-pack BKG underwater-pelletizing unit Type AH 2000, complete with: diverter-valve / Hydraulic pelletizer with motor 4 kW incl. die-plate and knife-holder Water – Box TWS volume 900 liter, heating power 40 kW Installed Water pump with 11 kW, By-Pass-System Pellet Spin-dryer TVE 2000 ED with motor 4 kW water sieve with circulation pump 4 kW Siemens S7 – Touch control board More extruders / recycling - and compounding lines ex our stock Wuppertal-Germany available, as: pelletizing systems, dosing & blending, screen-pack-changer, pellet classification, granulating and many more. Ask for our most recent stock-list or visit us in Wuppertal-Germany. You´re welcome.

Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 30,000 h, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 20526471, Laboratory Twin Screw Extruder – Coperion ZSK 26 Mc18 (40 L/D) with a 26 mm screw diameter Featuring all the characteristics of the ZSK Mc18 series, this extruder is ideal for formulation development and compound sampling, as well as for manufacturing small compound batches of up to approximately 180 kg/h. Compared to the previous model ZSK 26 Mc, the new laboratory extruder enables throughput increases of up to 100%, owing to the torque having been increased to 15 Nm/cm³. The extruder is mobile and space-saving as the control cabinet is integrated into the machine’s base frame. Heating and cooling systems are installed and operational (plug & play). Machine No.: 20526471 Year of manufacture: 2012 Operating hours: approx. 30,000 h Condition: Used, in operation Technical specifications: Extruder type: Twin screw extruder Model: ZSK 26 Mc18 Process length: 40 L/D Drive power: 36.9 kW Power supply: 3 × 400 V (−10 % / +6 %), 50 Hz ±2 % Barrel configuration: E-0-0-S-0-0-1-0-V-0 Ibsdpfsyhd Dbox Acpoc Output: approx. 150–200 kg/h, depending on formulation, raw material, and required product quality Applications: Highly filled compounds, masterbatch applications Suitable for processing: LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE, PP, PPR, PS, ABS, PET, and biopolymers Scope of delivery Gravimetric feeding system: - K-Tron gravimetric feeders - 1 × pellet feeder - 1 × powder feeder (twin screw design) Side feeding / degassing: - 1 × side feeder ZS-B25 - 1 × vacuum side degassing unit ZS-EG25 Vacuum system: Busch vacuum pump Plastex MI 0120 B 222 CNX6, specifically designed for PET applications. Please note: Vacuum pump is not included. Process monitoring: - Melt pressure sensor system - Melt temperature sensor system - PLC integration Pelletizing system (strand pelletizing): - Air dryer unit not included - Strand pelletizer SP50 - Water bath Peripheral equipment: - Bag emptying station for pellets - Conveying system to the feeders Spare parts: - Spare parts included, second screw set.

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, Stock No.: 2858 1 used, partially overhauled and function-tested compounding and pelletizing line, consisting of: Extruder Berstorff (Krauss Maffei) Type ZE 60 A - 34 L/D twin-screw co-rotating Extruder drive 160 kW AC Degassing with vacuum pump Laser cutting head / melt filter Melt pump Eprotec Melt x10 ECON EUP 600 underwater pelletizer, complete with start-up valve water system granulate drying centrifuge >> 1 year PLASTICO warranty OPTIONAL for an additional charge: Ibodpfx Acoy At Iajpec Material conveying system Gravimetric dosing units Granulate classification Pellet filling station for Big Bags or Octabins Additional compounding plants, pelletizing systems, gravimetric dosing units available from our Wuppertal facility. Visit us or send us your enquiry.

Condition: good (used), Extrusion Line with Extruder & Co-Extruder. Sheet configuration B/A/B used for PP. Direct cooling unit (SMK) and SBI measuring unit newly installed in 2015. * Max. output: 1350 kg/h * Main screw output: 950 kg/h Iodpfx Ajn Utt Hocpebc * Main screw: 180mm / 33D * Co-extrusion output: 400kg/h * Co-extruder scew: 120mm / 33D * Die width: 650mm * Roll stack: 3 * Winding unit for Jumbo rolls up to 1500kg This Extrusion Line is already disassembled and secured for transport (Location: Waalwijk, Netherlands).

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1996, No.: 2590k 1 used compounding-pelletizing line – output up to 1200 kg/h depending material, equipped with: Extruder Twin-screw THEYSOHN Type TSK 90 Screws 2x Ø 90 mm – 36 LD co-rotating intermeshing Segmented screws-and Cylinder, Water / Medium cooled Extruder Motor 255 kW-DC / Screw speed up to 300 r.p.m. 1x Side feeding extruder TSD 75 twin-screw with 3 kW 3x venting ports 1x Melt-Filter No. 1 type K –HS- Y sieve/Mesh 176 mm incl. Hydraulic Pack 1x Melt-Pump with motor 22 kW 1x Melt-Filter No. 2 type K-SWE 180 RS back-flush self-cleaning 1x Strand die-head with holes 32 x Ø3,5 mm 1x Strand cooling bath 620 x 5000 mm 1x Strand pelletizer SG 300 with 11 kW ResoTec Monitor control Board Inspection visit / demonstration shortly possible - date on appointment You´re welcome. Ibedpfx Acogbffvspoc More compounding pelletizing lines ex pour workshop available, > find our most-recent stock-list online on our homepage.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: ZE60 A- Econ EUP 600, Stock- No.: 2858 1 used, partly overhauled and tested compounding-pelletizing line, consisting of: Berstorff ( Krauss Maffei ) compounding extruder Type ZE 60 A - 34 L/D twin-screw co-rotating extruder Extruder drive 160 kW AC Degassing with vacuum pump Iodpfx Acey At N Repobc Laser separating head / melt filter Eprotec Melt x10 melt pump ECON EUP 600 underwater pelletizing system, complete with Start-up polymer diverter valve incl. hydraulic Water system, complete incl. pellet spin-dryer / centrifuge Control boards with Siemens Touch panel >> 12-month PLASTICO warranty OPTIONAL at extra cost: Material conveying Gravimetric loss-in-weight dosing-blending Granule classification Pellet filling station for Big Bags or Octabins Start-up in your factory by our Technicians We have more complete compounding extruders, pelletizing systems, loss-in-weight gravimetric blenders & more in Stock. Visit us in D 42329 Wuppertal or send us your inquiry, you´re welcome.

Year of construction: 2021, condition: good (used), 1 complete granulation line, cutting/compacting/extruder combination, tangential, since 2021 only operated in a single shift using production waste, including DPE ground material/aluminum (pipe material). System consisting of: Hydraulic roller cutter, 140 cm width, for roller diameters up to 60 cm, 18.5 kW drive. Erema conveyor belt with metal detection bridge, 900 cm x 110 cm, with timer. Wagner WS30 shredder, 30 kW, rotor width 140 cm with hydraulic slide, rotor with 74 reversible cutting blades, discharge and inclined conveying screw. Roller feed for heavy rolls with cutting device in the longitudinal direction to relieve the mill, frequency inverter-controlled drive, 3.5 kW. Cutting mill with 11 kW, downstream for parallel operation with shredder/roller feed, suction/conveying fan to the buffer silo with agitator, frequency inverter-controlled for discharge rate/dust protection. Feed screw for ground material. Conveyor belt, L 9 m x W 80 cm, metal detection bridge, frequency inverter controlled via load detection from the cutting compactor. Conveying screw for 100% ground material, stainless steel, L 4.5 m and diameter 100 mm. Ijdpfjzb Dr Sex Acpobc Cutting compactor, 138 kW, frequency inverter controlled, suction fan, water spray cooling, tangential to extruder ES 180 mm 30 LD with 2-stage vacuum degassing, including: Laser filter LF with diameter 500 mm / 2-disc system, discharge screw for contaminants with timer, melt pressure sensor, spare screens: 60 mesh 2x, 70 mesh. Strand die, 26 holes - interchangeable dies, year of manufacture 2021, melt pressure sensor, complete overhaul/replacement of wear parts in January 2026. Strand cooling water tank, L 700 cm x W 70 cm, stainless steel. Strand rollers made of plastic with stainless steel ball bearings, height-adjustable, year of manufacture 2023. Strand granulator SG 200 E with 7.5 kW as well as 1 spare granulator 5.5 kW for quick replacement during overhaul or cleaning/maintenance work. Granulate classification sieve, stainless steel, including conveying fan and pipes. BIG BAG filling frame, 2-place, with ladder and platform. BIG BAG floor scale with receipt printer. Throughput material-dependent, up to 900 kg/h. Start-up, commissioning by our technicians, details and costs upon request - after consultation. Inspection in Wuppertal, appointment can be arranged shortly.

Year of construction: 1996, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, screw conveyor diameter: 25 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Screw diameter: 2 x 25.0 mm L/D: 40:1 MACHINE DETAILS Total power: 12.0 kW EQUIPMENT Platform 4-way dosing system from Brabender Scholz dosing control Easytouch (year of manufacture 2009) Ibodpfexx Uk Ejx Acpjc 1x side feeder Degassing Strand die Water bath by Collin Scheer granulator SGS 50-ET

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 490 h, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, COMPLETE MINERAL MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION LINE – PELLETIZING PROCESS High-concentration mineral masterbatch • Turnkey industrial installation • Spain ASKING PRICE: XX.XXX + VAT | COMPLETE LINE ONLY A complete production solution Complete industrial installation designed for the production of highly concentrated mineral masterbatch. The line integrates raw material handling, weighing/dosing, high-speed mixing, conveying, pelletizing, screening, and bagging into a single, coordinated system. The equipment is offered as one complete lot, dismantled and available for relocation. Capacity Approx. 750–850 kg/h* Operating hours Maximum 490 h Mixer 500 L / 300 L usable / 75 kW Pelletizer 350 mm / 37 kW Automation Siemens S7-1200 PLC Power supply Includes 200 kVA Perkins generator Integrated process RAW MATERIAL FEEDING → AUTOMATIC WEIGHING/DOSING → HIGH-SPEED MIXING → TRANSFER → PELLETIZING → SCREENING → BAGGING Why this line is attractive • Complete and integrated: avoids the engineering and integration work involved in sourcing the equipment individually. • Very low operating hours: maximum recorded operating time is 490 h. • Industrial-scale mixing: 500 L mixer with 75 kW drive and variable-speed control. • Automated dosing and control: Siemens S7-1200 PLC architecture with weighing and recipe-management functions. • Relocatable asset: installation is offered dismantled, making it suitable for transfer to another industrial site. *Capacity is an approximate figure based on the installation configuration and intended application; actual throughput depends on formulation, operating conditions, and product specification. Isdpfx Acoz Aibaopjbc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, operating hours: 1,378 h, Brand: Berstorff Type: ZE 25 compounding line Serial no.: 90200771-0010/2002 Year of manufacturing: 2002 Operating hours: 1,378 Screw diameter: 25 mm Screw L/D: 44 Ibjdez Eg Awjpfx Acpsc Dimensions (LxWxH): 4,500 x 1,200 x 2,200 mm Weight: 1,350 kg Line configuration: – 1x gravimetric powder feeding system from Brabender – 1x vent port for degassing, including vacuum pump – Filament die with 6 cavities – Cooling roll with tempering unit – Pelletizer with adjustable speed – Central control cabinet Other: All documentation available in German The machine was originally used for biomaterials

Year of construction: 1996, operating hours: 25,000 h, condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, single-screw extruder, 90 Reifenhauser, complete with electrical panel and 200 kW motor. Ibedjzbh Ahspfx Acpjc The machine is in excellent condition.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1983, operating hours: 87,618 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: DS 85610, overall weight: 4,000 kg, total length: 5,200 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, total height: 2,500 mm, power: 75 kW (101.97 HP), input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, input current: 160 A, Original WEBER 8.8 extruder with extended barrel to model 8.22. Comes with new and original screws from Weber. HMI control panel, previously used in a cleanroom environment. Includes hopper. Machine is offered as is. Ibjdpfxjx Apcks Acpoc

Year of construction: 2001, operating hours: 64,499 h, condition: good (used), Conical screws, approx. 110 kg/h. A.C. motor 30.0 kW. New motor, 64,499 operating hours. Ibodpfx Acjw Hy Uuspoc

Year of construction: 1997, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, controller manufacturer: Siemens, screw diameter: 75 mm, machine/vehicle number: DE27666, TECHNICAL DETAILS Iodpox Npbpefx Acpebc Output: 200–450 kg/h Screw diameter: 2 x Ø 75.0 mm L/D: 36D MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens Materials: PE, PP, PS, ABS Drive: 143 kW (DC) EQUIPMENT Co-rotating twin-screw Degassing Note: Two screw elements are broken. A side feeder connection or S-cylinder can be offered separately.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Zsk 119 mc+, type of input current: three-phase, total length: 11,000 mm, year of last overhaul: 2024, total width: 1,500 mm, total height: 1,500 mm, overall weight: 18,000 kg, Coperion extruder, 1200 hp (930 kW), 380 volts, 50 Hz. Designed for high-moisture extrusion (TVP or HMMA, high-moisture meat analogue), with an output of 1 to 10 tons/hour. Screw diameter: 2 x 118 mm; ABB inverter for the 1200 hp motor; liquid dosing system; solid dosing system; control panel. Also available: Urchel cutting device and rotary IQF freezer. This extruder can also be used for dry or wet pet food. Ibodpfszti Tkex Acpoc This equipment has very few operating hours.

Year of construction: 2006, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Complete Extrusion Line for Plastic Pipes Luigi Bandera / Graewe / Supertech Year of manufacture: 2006 For sale: Complete extrusion line for the production of plastic pipes. Installed in a mobile container setup = 3 x 40-foot sea container. (Walking Pipe system). Ideal for mobile production or limited space. Specifications: Extruder: Luigi Bandera S.p.A. Year of manufacture: 2006 Serial number: 251371 / 251372 Downstream processing / cooling line: Supertech Industrie – Walking Pipe system Saw / cut-off unit: Graewe GmbH Type: RA 250/4 Year of manufacture: 1999 Control system: Krauss Maffei Installation: fully integrated in container (plug & play concept) Description: This robust extrusion line is suitable for the production of plastic pipes (PE/PP/PVC depending on configuration). The line consists of a powerful Bandera extruder, followed by a complete calibration, cooling and transport section (Walking Pipe), and a Graewe cut-off saw. Iedpfezbkkhox Acpebc Applications: Drainage pipes Cable protection pipes Industrial pipelines Irrigation systems 💬 Price on request 📍 Viewing possible by appointment; address = 7822 Ath, Belgium Keywords: Technical / industrial Extrusion machine Extrusion system Extrusion line Screw extruder Melt processing machine Plastic processing machine Pipe production machine Profile extrusion machine Continuous forming machine Melt and forming system

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), Control panel: Siemens SIMATIC HMI, connected load: 80kW, weight: 1.85t, operating hours: approx. 4500h, with Kreyenborg feed hopper, year of manufacture: 2017, and Trendelkamp screen changer. Documentation is complete, on-site inspection is possible. Isdsv Uz Awjpfx Acpebc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, - Manufacturer: IDE - Type: 45/4 - Year of manufacture: 2001 - Monovis Ø45mm 25LD Ibedpfx Aouhpiyscpoc - Right-hand analog control - Screw profile: PVC - 4 heating zones on cylinder - 4 tool heating zones - Motor power: 8.5kW - Up to 60kg/h Good overall condition, very clean machine

Year of construction: 1998, condition: ready for operation (used), A complete PS foam extrusion line (capacity: 350kg-400kg/h) is available. 1) 7x dosing units K-Tron Switzerland and Coperion, main components: 3, side components: 4, capacity: 350kg-400kg/h. 2) Primary extruder Battenfeld, year of manufacture: 1998, screw diameter: 120mm, screen changer: Gneuss, double piston pump: LEWA. Including gas injection. 3) Secondary extruder, screw diameter: 150mm/33D. Including unused old die and a coextruder Kühne with 50mm screw diameter. 4) Oil-heated Sunwell round die. 5) Calibration unit Dorn, knives: 2, films: 2, film width: 1080mm. 6) Take-off unit Gloenco Double S Haul-Off. 7) PS film winder, positions: 4, simultaneously operated positions: 2, winding speed range: 10m-30m/min, roll weight range: 150kg-300kg, roll length range: 500mm-800mm. Including discharge with ionization. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. This line is sold ONLY to customers outside Europe. Ijdpfxoxq Exqj Acpebc

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 9,001,700 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: N/A, PACE MEAT BONING LINE FOR BUTCHERY OPERATION. DOUBLE SIDED PACE BUTCHERY CONVEYOR LINE EXTENDING TO A TRIMMING AND PACKING LINE APPROX LENGTH 28m. SPACE FOR 16 BUTCHERS 8 PER SIDE WITH CENTRAL BONE REMOVAL CONVEYOR . SPACE FOR BANDSAW AND DERINDER MACHINES WITHIN THE PROCESS. Iodpfx Acey Uk A Sopebc VARIABLE SPEED CONVEYOR TO DICTATE PACE SPEED OF LINE .